This document summarizes Turkish noun cases and provides examples of how suffixes are added to nouns to indicate different grammatical functions. It discusses the yalın hali or nominative case with no suffix, the -e hali or dative case indicating movement toward, the -i hali or accusative case marking the direct object, the -de hali or locative case showing location, and the -den hali or ablative case implying source. It also notes sound changes that occur when adding certain suffixes to nouns ending in consonants. Exercises provide opportunities to practice adding suffixes to indicate different cases.

2. Noun cases: Yalın hali -e hali -i hali -de hali -den hali

3. Yalın hali ‘ Nominative case’ No suffix is added to the noun. Örnekler: Bu bir ev . (This is a house.) Üç tane elma var. (There are three apples.) Ben çok yorgunum. (I am very tired.) Ayşe çok güzel. (Ayşe is very beautiful.)

4. -e hali ‘ Dative case’ Implies ‘movement toward’ – same as ‘to’ in English. If noun is soft, use –e. If noun is hard, use –a. If noun ends with vowel, add –y- before the suffix. Örnekler: Ev e git. (Go to the house.) Okul a git. (Go to the school.) Araba ya gel. (Come to the car.) Göl e git. (Go to the lake.)

5. Pronouns that change in the –e case: Ben (me, I)  Bana (to me) Sen (you)  Sana (to you)

6. -i hali ‘ Accusative case’ Indicates that the noun is the particular subject of the action. Sometimes functions as ‘the’ in the sentence. Sometimes functions as ‘him’ or ‘her’ in the sentence. Örnekler: Ev i sevdim. (I like the house. – versus ‘Bir ev sevdim’ which means ‘I like a house.’) Elma yı sevdim. (I like the apple.) Sen i seviyorum. (I love you .) Sasha’ yı gördüm. (I saw Sasha .)

7. If the last letter of the word is p, ç, t or k… … and we’re adding a suffix that starts with a vowel, like –e or –i, p  b Kitap + a = kitaba (to the book) ç  c Ağaç + a = ağaca (to the tree) t  d Kağıt + a = kağıda (to the paper) k  ğ Ayak + a = ayağa (to the foot)

8. -de hali ‘ Locative case’ Indicates that the object is at, in, on something. Örnekler: Ev de kaç tane masa var? (How many tables are there in the house?) Okul da otuz öğrenci var. (There are thirty students at the school.) Oberlin, Ohio’ da . (Oberlin is in Ohio.) Gizem, Amerika’ da . (Gizem is in America.)

9. -den hali ‘ Ablative case’ Implies that the action is ‘from’ something. Örnekler: Ev den geldim. (I came from home.) Ben den sana bir hediye. (A gift from me to you.) İstanbul’ dan geldim. (I came from İstanbul.)

10. If the last letter of the word is p, ç, t or k… … and we’re adding a suffix that starts with the consonant d, like –de or –den, there is a change in the suffix. p + de/den Kitap + de = Kitapta (in the book) ç + de/den Ağaç + den = ağa çtan ( from the tree) t + de/den Kağıt + den = kağı ttan ( from the paper) k +de/den Ayak + de = aya kta ( on the foot - standing )

11. Exercises: Çocuk _____________ . (The child is at home.) _______________ tut. (Hold my hands.) _______________ seviyorum. (I like dogs.) _____________ seviyorum. (I love Turkish.) _______________ üç tane kalem var. (There are three pencils on the table. Table=Masa) _______________ geldim. (I came from the beach. Beach=Sahil) ________________ gidiyorum. (I’m going to Turkey.) Bu ____________ çok eğlenceli. (This class is very fun. Class=Ders) evde Ellerimi Köpekleri Türkçe’yi Masada Sahilden Türkiye’ye ders