This lecture discusses video and sound input and output devices. It covers monitors, including CRT, LCD, and plasma screen technologies. It explains how video cards work to interface between the computer and display. Refresh rates and resolutions that impact image quality are discussed. Sound systems are also mentioned as part of multimedia capabilities.
The value displayed would be the number 5. In a common anode seven-segment display, applying voltage (turning on) the segments labeled a and b would light up the top part of the number 5, and applying voltage to the segments labeled c, d, and e would light up the bottom part, creating the full number 5 pattern.
The document presents information on different types of display devices including CRT, LCD, plasma display, and LED displays. It discusses the key components, working principles, and properties of CRT and flat panel displays such as LCD, plasma, and LED displays. Advantages and disadvantages of different display technologies are also highlighted.
This document summarizes different types of display devices, including cathode ray tubes (CRTs), raster scan displays, random scan displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs). It describes the basic components and functioning of CRTs, including electron guns, phosphor coatings, and deflection coils. It compares raster and random scan displays, noting that raster displays are better for realistic images while random scans are suited for line drawings. LCDs use polarized light passing through liquid crystals to turn pixels on and off. LED displays use semiconductors to emit light when forward biased, and have advantages over traditional light sources like lower energy use and longer lifetimes.
The document discusses various display devices and printers. It begins by defining a display device as an output device that presents information visually. Display devices are then classified as either analog (cathode ray tubes) or digital (LED, LCD, plasma). Cathode ray tubes contain an electron gun and phosphorescent screen, while digital displays like LED and LCD work via light emission or liquid crystal orientation. The document also covers printers, defining them as output devices that print to paper and classifying them as impact or non-impact, dot matrix or fully formed character, and by printing speed.
The document discusses different types of computer monitors and display technologies. It describes CRT monitors which use cathode ray tubes and are economical but can cause eye strain. Flat panel displays like LCD, LED, OLED are thinner and cause less eye strain but are more expensive. Other display technologies discussed include plasma display panels, digital light processing, electroluminescent displays, field emission displays, and nano-emissive displays. The document also covers different audio channel technologies including mono, stereo, and surround sound systems.
The CRT display was invented in 1897 and was widely used in early computers and televisions. It works by using an electron gun to produce a beam that illuminates phosphors on the screen, producing light to display an image. The first color CRT monitors used an arrangement of three electron guns and color phosphors to produce a full color image. While CRTs provided high quality images at a low cost, they were large, heavy, and produced electromagnetic fields, leading to their replacement by flat panel displays.
The value displayed would be the number 5. In a common anode seven-segment display, applying voltage (turning on) the segments labeled a and b would light up the top part of the number 5, and applying voltage to the segments labeled c, d, and e would light up the bottom part, creating the full number 5 pattern.
The document presents information on different types of display devices including CRT, LCD, plasma display, and LED displays. It discusses the key components, working principles, and properties of CRT and flat panel displays such as LCD, plasma, and LED displays. Advantages and disadvantages of different display technologies are also highlighted.
This document summarizes different types of display devices, including cathode ray tubes (CRTs), raster scan displays, random scan displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs). It describes the basic components and functioning of CRTs, including electron guns, phosphor coatings, and deflection coils. It compares raster and random scan displays, noting that raster displays are better for realistic images while random scans are suited for line drawings. LCDs use polarized light passing through liquid crystals to turn pixels on and off. LED displays use semiconductors to emit light when forward biased, and have advantages over traditional light sources like lower energy use and longer lifetimes.
The document discusses various display devices and printers. It begins by defining a display device as an output device that presents information visually. Display devices are then classified as either analog (cathode ray tubes) or digital (LED, LCD, plasma). Cathode ray tubes contain an electron gun and phosphorescent screen, while digital displays like LED and LCD work via light emission or liquid crystal orientation. The document also covers printers, defining them as output devices that print to paper and classifying them as impact or non-impact, dot matrix or fully formed character, and by printing speed.
The document discusses different types of computer monitors and display technologies. It describes CRT monitors which use cathode ray tubes and are economical but can cause eye strain. Flat panel displays like LCD, LED, OLED are thinner and cause less eye strain but are more expensive. Other display technologies discussed include plasma display panels, digital light processing, electroluminescent displays, field emission displays, and nano-emissive displays. The document also covers different audio channel technologies including mono, stereo, and surround sound systems.
The CRT display was invented in 1897 and was widely used in early computers and televisions. It works by using an electron gun to produce a beam that illuminates phosphors on the screen, producing light to display an image. The first color CRT monitors used an arrangement of three electron guns and color phosphors to produce a full color image. While CRTs provided high quality images at a low cost, they were large, heavy, and produced electromagnetic fields, leading to their replacement by flat panel displays.
A CRT monitor works by using an electron gun to excite phosphor on the inside of a screen, causing it to glow. It contains three electron guns that fire beams of red, green, and blue to create colors by combining different intensities of the primary colors. The electron beams travel across the screen rapidly, guided by deflection coils and synchronized by horizontal and vertical sync signals to refresh the screen and prevent flickering. Key specifications that affect image quality include screen size, resolution measured in pixels, refresh rate measured in Hz, and dot pitch which affects sharpness.
The document provides an overview of computer display systems, including monitors and graphics cards. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors and how they work using electron guns and phosphor coatings. It also covers features of monitors like resolution, dot pitch, refresh rate, and screen size. Flat panel displays (FPDs) like liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are also introduced, along with different types of LCD technologies. The roles of the graphics card and monitor in the overall display system are explained.
Cathode ray tube (CRT) displays were commonly used but are being replaced by newer technologies. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to display images but have disadvantages like large size, weight, and power consumption. LCD displays use liquid crystals and do not emit light, instead blocking light to produce images. They are thinner and more energy efficient than CRTs but have limited viewing angles. Plasma displays utilize cells of charged gases to produce bright, large displays but also consume more power than LCDs. Newer technologies continue to improve on displays, with OLED providing thinner, more efficient self-emissive panels, LED backlights enhancing LCDs, and higher resolution 4K becoming more common.
The document discusses different types of display devices including CRT and plasma display panels. CRT uses an electron gun to direct an electron beam at phosphorescent dots on a screen to display images. Color CRT monitors use three electron guns and a shadow mask to activate red, green, or blue phosphor dots to produce color. Plasma display panels contain two glass plates separated by a gas that is electrically excited into plasma to stimulate phosphors and emit light for each pixel.
An LCD is a flat panel display that uses liquid crystals to modulate light from a backlight to produce images. It has an array of pixels filled with liquid crystals that can be electronically controlled to produce color or monochrome images. LCDs are commonly used in devices like computer monitors, TVs, clocks and phones. They work by controlling the transmission of light through the liquid crystals with an electric field to display images but do not directly emit light.
The cathode ray tube (CRT) is an older display technology that uses electron guns to fire electrons at phosphors on the inside of the screen, producing light and displaying an image. CRTs were commonly used in televisions and computer monitors. They have some advantages like better color quality and resolution compared to newer LCD displays, but also have significant disadvantages like being much heavier, larger, and consuming more power. CRTs are being largely replaced by flat panel LCD and LED displays.
The document discusses various types of electronic display devices. It describes cathode ray tubes, which were invented in 1897 and were used in early oscilloscopes and television sets. It outlines the basic components of CRTs including the electron gun, focusing and deflection systems, and phosphorescent screen. The document also discusses flat panel displays like LED, LCD, plasma and OLED displays that were developed as alternatives to bulky CRTs. It provides details on the operation, characteristics and applications of different display technologies.
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The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a type of monitor that was first discovered in the late 19th century and remained popular for over 70 years. It works by using an electron gun to emit light onto phosphors on the inside of a glass screen, creating vivid colors and detailed images. While CRTs are bulky, power-hungry, and can emit small amounts of radiation, they were less expensive than newer LCD displays and provided good image quality from any viewing angle until being replaced by flat panel displays.
This document discusses different types of display technologies, including segment displays, full-area 2D displays, 3D displays, and mechanical displays. It provides details on common segment displays like 7-segment, 14-segment, and 16-segment displays. Full explanations are given for LCD, LED-lit LCD, OLED, AMOLED, plasma, and e-ink displays. The document concludes that displays are becoming slimmer and more portable, with holography and flexible displays expected to drive future innovations in virtual reality.
Direct-view storage tubes store picture information directly behind the screen using an electron beam to write a charged pattern on a fine mesh grid coated with dielectric. A flood electron gun then emits a continuous flood of electrons that pass through the grid, attaching to positively charged portions and striking the phosphors. This stored charge pattern is what displays the image without needing refreshment like a standard CRT. Advantages are very high resolution images without flicker, while disadvantages are inability to display color and inability to fully erase selected areas.
3D films and TVs provide depth perception by showing two slightly different perspectives that are interpreted by the brain as a 3D image. There are several technologies for producing and displaying 3D content, including anaglyph, polarization, and interference filtering systems. 3D TVs use technologies like eclipse filtering glasses or lenticular displays to show different images to each eye and create the 3D effect without glasses in some cases. Broadcasting 3D content involves generating, compressing, transmitting, and displaying the left and right perspectives in an alternating sequence.
This document discusses 3D television technology. It begins with a brief history of 3D content and then covers various depth cues and how binocular vision allows the brain to perceive 3D images. Key aspects of 3D technology discussed include parallax, stereopsis, and the need to direct different images to each eye to create the perception of depth. Challenges for developing 3D include reducing the need for glasses and creating natural depth cues without visual fatigue.
Flat panel displays such as LCDs and plasma panels are thinner and lighter than traditional CRT displays. LCDs are the most common type of flat panel display and work by modulating liquid crystals to control the amount of light that passes through. Plasma displays use small cells containing electrically charged gases to create images. While flat panels have advantages over CRTs like size and weight, CRTs provide better picture quality with higher dynamic range and response times.
The document discusses the history and technology of 3D television. It begins with the basics of how 3D TV provides separate images to each eye to create depth perception. It then explains several technologies currently used for 3D TV displays like anaglyph, polarization, and parallax barriers. Potential applications of 3D TV include medicine, education, entertainment and gaming. However, health issues and the need for glasses are disadvantages that need further research.
This document discusses computer graphics hardware concepts related to video display devices and input/output devices. It describes the components and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including the electron gun, accelerating anode, focusing system, deflection system, and phosphor screen. It also covers raster scan displays, random scan displays, color CRT monitors, and flat panel displays such as plasma panels, thin-film electroluminescent displays, and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Input devices discussed include keyboards, mice, trackballs, joysticks, digitizers, and image scanners. Output devices covered are printers, including dot matrix, laser, inkjet, and bubble jet printers.
This document discusses emerging display technologies, including electrophoretic pixels, multimode photonic ink, and electrofluidic pixels. Electrophoretic pixels use electrically charged pigment particles that are attracted or repelled by an electric field to display black or white pixels. Multimode photonic ink can be switched between e-paper, LCD, and transflective modes, allowing it to be visible indoors and outdoors with minimal power usage. Electrofluidic pixels use electrically controlled fluid movement to spread pigment across a pixel area, similar to printed ink, enabling high brightness and fast switching speeds for video. These technologies promise improvements over conventional displays but are still in development.
Paul Nipkow proposed the first electromechanical television system using a scanning disk in 1884. John Logie Baird demonstrated the first live television transmission using a Nipkow disk scanning system in 1925. Vladimir Zworykin developed the first fully electronic television system using cathode ray tubes for both transmission and reception while working at Westinghouse in 1923, laying the foundations for modern television.
Monitors use either cathode ray tubes or LCD screens to display computer output visually. CRTs were dominant until the 21st century when they were replaced by thinner and lighter LCD screens. Random-scan displays draw images line by line like vectors and refresh each line 30-60 times per second to prevent screen burn-in, while flat panel displays are now commonly used in portable devices due to their thinness.
This document discusses different types of display devices, including bitmap screens, large displays, and situated displays. It provides details on bitmap screens such as CRT, LCD, resolution, and color depth. Cathode ray tubes and liquid crystal displays are described in terms of how they work. Health hints are provided for CRT usage. Large displays discussed include plasma, video walls, and projected displays. Situated displays are defined as those placed in public locations to provide location-relevant information or interactions. Hermes is presented as an example of a situated display.
Basic Fundamental Electronics by D-Sarda PART IVDinesh Sarda
Philo Taylor Farnsworth invented electronic television in 1927 by successfully demonstrating a television system in San Francisco. The basic components of a television are pixels, which are the smallest controllable elements that make up the image on screen, and a cathode ray tube. A cathode ray tube uses an electron gun and fluorescent screen to create images and contains a heated filament cathode. When electrons hit phosphor dots on the screen, they glow different colors to form the visible picture. Cathode ray tubes were commonly used in early television but have disadvantages like large size, potential health hazards from radiation, and risk of implosion.
Cathode ray tubes use an electron gun and fluorescent screen to create images through light emitted from the screen. An evacuated glass envelope contains the electron gun, which shoots electrons at the screen, causing phosphors to glow and form the image. Color CRTs use three electron guns and phosphors to produce red, green, and blue light, creating a full color image. While bulky and potentially hazardous, CRTs provide high quality images through superior color and contrast compared to other display technologies.
A CRT monitor works by using an electron gun to excite phosphor on the inside of a screen, causing it to glow. It contains three electron guns that fire beams of red, green, and blue to create colors by combining different intensities of the primary colors. The electron beams travel across the screen rapidly, guided by deflection coils and synchronized by horizontal and vertical sync signals to refresh the screen and prevent flickering. Key specifications that affect image quality include screen size, resolution measured in pixels, refresh rate measured in Hz, and dot pitch which affects sharpness.
The document provides an overview of computer display systems, including monitors and graphics cards. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors and how they work using electron guns and phosphor coatings. It also covers features of monitors like resolution, dot pitch, refresh rate, and screen size. Flat panel displays (FPDs) like liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are also introduced, along with different types of LCD technologies. The roles of the graphics card and monitor in the overall display system are explained.
Cathode ray tube (CRT) displays were commonly used but are being replaced by newer technologies. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to display images but have disadvantages like large size, weight, and power consumption. LCD displays use liquid crystals and do not emit light, instead blocking light to produce images. They are thinner and more energy efficient than CRTs but have limited viewing angles. Plasma displays utilize cells of charged gases to produce bright, large displays but also consume more power than LCDs. Newer technologies continue to improve on displays, with OLED providing thinner, more efficient self-emissive panels, LED backlights enhancing LCDs, and higher resolution 4K becoming more common.
The document discusses different types of display devices including CRT and plasma display panels. CRT uses an electron gun to direct an electron beam at phosphorescent dots on a screen to display images. Color CRT monitors use three electron guns and a shadow mask to activate red, green, or blue phosphor dots to produce color. Plasma display panels contain two glass plates separated by a gas that is electrically excited into plasma to stimulate phosphors and emit light for each pixel.
An LCD is a flat panel display that uses liquid crystals to modulate light from a backlight to produce images. It has an array of pixels filled with liquid crystals that can be electronically controlled to produce color or monochrome images. LCDs are commonly used in devices like computer monitors, TVs, clocks and phones. They work by controlling the transmission of light through the liquid crystals with an electric field to display images but do not directly emit light.
The cathode ray tube (CRT) is an older display technology that uses electron guns to fire electrons at phosphors on the inside of the screen, producing light and displaying an image. CRTs were commonly used in televisions and computer monitors. They have some advantages like better color quality and resolution compared to newer LCD displays, but also have significant disadvantages like being much heavier, larger, and consuming more power. CRTs are being largely replaced by flat panel LCD and LED displays.
The document discusses various types of electronic display devices. It describes cathode ray tubes, which were invented in 1897 and were used in early oscilloscopes and television sets. It outlines the basic components of CRTs including the electron gun, focusing and deflection systems, and phosphorescent screen. The document also discusses flat panel displays like LED, LCD, plasma and OLED displays that were developed as alternatives to bulky CRTs. It provides details on the operation, characteristics and applications of different display technologies.
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a type of monitor that was first discovered in the late 19th century and remained popular for over 70 years. It works by using an electron gun to emit light onto phosphors on the inside of a glass screen, creating vivid colors and detailed images. While CRTs are bulky, power-hungry, and can emit small amounts of radiation, they were less expensive than newer LCD displays and provided good image quality from any viewing angle until being replaced by flat panel displays.
This document discusses different types of display technologies, including segment displays, full-area 2D displays, 3D displays, and mechanical displays. It provides details on common segment displays like 7-segment, 14-segment, and 16-segment displays. Full explanations are given for LCD, LED-lit LCD, OLED, AMOLED, plasma, and e-ink displays. The document concludes that displays are becoming slimmer and more portable, with holography and flexible displays expected to drive future innovations in virtual reality.
Direct-view storage tubes store picture information directly behind the screen using an electron beam to write a charged pattern on a fine mesh grid coated with dielectric. A flood electron gun then emits a continuous flood of electrons that pass through the grid, attaching to positively charged portions and striking the phosphors. This stored charge pattern is what displays the image without needing refreshment like a standard CRT. Advantages are very high resolution images without flicker, while disadvantages are inability to display color and inability to fully erase selected areas.
3D films and TVs provide depth perception by showing two slightly different perspectives that are interpreted by the brain as a 3D image. There are several technologies for producing and displaying 3D content, including anaglyph, polarization, and interference filtering systems. 3D TVs use technologies like eclipse filtering glasses or lenticular displays to show different images to each eye and create the 3D effect without glasses in some cases. Broadcasting 3D content involves generating, compressing, transmitting, and displaying the left and right perspectives in an alternating sequence.
This document discusses 3D television technology. It begins with a brief history of 3D content and then covers various depth cues and how binocular vision allows the brain to perceive 3D images. Key aspects of 3D technology discussed include parallax, stereopsis, and the need to direct different images to each eye to create the perception of depth. Challenges for developing 3D include reducing the need for glasses and creating natural depth cues without visual fatigue.
Flat panel displays such as LCDs and plasma panels are thinner and lighter than traditional CRT displays. LCDs are the most common type of flat panel display and work by modulating liquid crystals to control the amount of light that passes through. Plasma displays use small cells containing electrically charged gases to create images. While flat panels have advantages over CRTs like size and weight, CRTs provide better picture quality with higher dynamic range and response times.
The document discusses the history and technology of 3D television. It begins with the basics of how 3D TV provides separate images to each eye to create depth perception. It then explains several technologies currently used for 3D TV displays like anaglyph, polarization, and parallax barriers. Potential applications of 3D TV include medicine, education, entertainment and gaming. However, health issues and the need for glasses are disadvantages that need further research.
This document discusses computer graphics hardware concepts related to video display devices and input/output devices. It describes the components and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including the electron gun, accelerating anode, focusing system, deflection system, and phosphor screen. It also covers raster scan displays, random scan displays, color CRT monitors, and flat panel displays such as plasma panels, thin-film electroluminescent displays, and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Input devices discussed include keyboards, mice, trackballs, joysticks, digitizers, and image scanners. Output devices covered are printers, including dot matrix, laser, inkjet, and bubble jet printers.
This document discusses emerging display technologies, including electrophoretic pixels, multimode photonic ink, and electrofluidic pixels. Electrophoretic pixels use electrically charged pigment particles that are attracted or repelled by an electric field to display black or white pixels. Multimode photonic ink can be switched between e-paper, LCD, and transflective modes, allowing it to be visible indoors and outdoors with minimal power usage. Electrofluidic pixels use electrically controlled fluid movement to spread pigment across a pixel area, similar to printed ink, enabling high brightness and fast switching speeds for video. These technologies promise improvements over conventional displays but are still in development.
Paul Nipkow proposed the first electromechanical television system using a scanning disk in 1884. John Logie Baird demonstrated the first live television transmission using a Nipkow disk scanning system in 1925. Vladimir Zworykin developed the first fully electronic television system using cathode ray tubes for both transmission and reception while working at Westinghouse in 1923, laying the foundations for modern television.
Monitors use either cathode ray tubes or LCD screens to display computer output visually. CRTs were dominant until the 21st century when they were replaced by thinner and lighter LCD screens. Random-scan displays draw images line by line like vectors and refresh each line 30-60 times per second to prevent screen burn-in, while flat panel displays are now commonly used in portable devices due to their thinness.
This document discusses different types of display devices, including bitmap screens, large displays, and situated displays. It provides details on bitmap screens such as CRT, LCD, resolution, and color depth. Cathode ray tubes and liquid crystal displays are described in terms of how they work. Health hints are provided for CRT usage. Large displays discussed include plasma, video walls, and projected displays. Situated displays are defined as those placed in public locations to provide location-relevant information or interactions. Hermes is presented as an example of a situated display.
Basic Fundamental Electronics by D-Sarda PART IVDinesh Sarda
Philo Taylor Farnsworth invented electronic television in 1927 by successfully demonstrating a television system in San Francisco. The basic components of a television are pixels, which are the smallest controllable elements that make up the image on screen, and a cathode ray tube. A cathode ray tube uses an electron gun and fluorescent screen to create images and contains a heated filament cathode. When electrons hit phosphor dots on the screen, they glow different colors to form the visible picture. Cathode ray tubes were commonly used in early television but have disadvantages like large size, potential health hazards from radiation, and risk of implosion.
Cathode ray tubes use an electron gun and fluorescent screen to create images through light emitted from the screen. An evacuated glass envelope contains the electron gun, which shoots electrons at the screen, causing phosphors to glow and form the image. Color CRTs use three electron guns and phosphors to produce red, green, and blue light, creating a full color image. While bulky and potentially hazardous, CRTs provide high quality images through superior color and contrast compared to other display technologies.
The document discusses the cathode ray tube (CRT) technology used in early computer monitors and televisions. It describes how a CRT works by using an electron gun to shoot a beam of electrons that excite phosphors on the screen, producing an image. The document outlines the history of the CRT from its discovery in the 1860s to its use in early TVs and monitors. It also discusses the advantages of CRTs like good color accuracy but notes disadvantages like health risks from radiation and large size.
A CRT monitor works by using an electron gun to shoot a beam of electrons that hit phosphors on the inside of the screen, causing them to glow. The electron beam is scanned across the screen rapidly through the use of electromagnetic deflection coils, creating a raster pattern to form images. Color CRT monitors use three electron beams and triads of red, green, and blue phosphors to produce a wide range of colors. While CRTs produce high quality images and have good contrast, they are large, heavy, and can pose health risks due to electromagnetic field and x-ray emissions.
1. LCD stands for liquid crystal display, which is a flat display device made up of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source.
2. Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of liquid crystal molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes and two polarizing filters.
3. LCDs use the properties of liquid crystals and polarized light to modulate the light and produce images on the screen.
The document discusses different types of video display devices, focusing on cathode ray tubes (CRTs). It describes how CRTs work using an electron gun, deflection plates, and phosphor-coated screen to produce images. Color CRT monitors are also covered, explaining how they produce color using either beam penetration or shadow mask methods. Other display types mentioned include direct view storage tubes, flat panel displays, and their key differences from CRTs.
The document discusses liquid crystal displays (LCDs). LCDs are thin, flat display devices made up of pixels arrayed in front of a light source. Each pixel consists of liquid crystal molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes. Polarizing filters allow light to pass through in varying amounts, creating different levels of gray. Modern LCDs like computer monitors use an active matrix structure with thin-film transistors to access each pixel individually. LCDs are used in devices like computer monitors, laptops, televisions, and more.
The document compares different display technologies:
- Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors have good image quality and color production but are bulky, emit radiation, and have health risks. They work by firing electron beams at phosphor dots on the screen.
- Plasma displays have better viewing angles than LCDs but are fragile, expensive, and have a short lifespan. They produce images using phosphors excited by electrons.
- LCDs have sharp images, are thin and portable but have limited viewing angles, slow response, and pixels can die over time. They work by manipulating liquid crystals to control polarized light passing through pixels.
The document discusses how a cathode ray tube (CRT) works. A CRT contains three main components: an electron gun that fires electrons, an electron beam deflector that controls where the electron beam strikes the screen, and a screen coated with phosphors. When electrons from the gun strike the phosphors, they cause the phosphors to glow, creating pixels that form an image. The document explains each component in detail and how they work together to display an image on the CRT screen.
This document outlines a course on Computer Graphics and Visualization (CSE304). It provides details on the subject teacher, textbook, schedule, assessments, topics to be covered in the course's 6 units, and expected learning outcomes. Students will learn about 2D and 3D computer graphics tools and techniques, apply algorithms for transformations and projections, and explore visibility, shading, curves, and object representation. Assessments include tests, a mandatory mini project in OpenGL, and a mid-term and end-term exam. Upon completing the course, students will have skills in various areas of computer graphics.
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This topic an presentation will introduce you to Computer graphics hardware types.
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• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
A cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun that shoots electrons at a fluorescent screen to display images. CRTs were commonly used in television sets and computer monitors. They work by using electromagnetic fields to control and deflect the electron beam to scan across phosphor dots on the screen, causing them to glow different colors and create a visible image. While CRTs provided good image quality, they were large, heavy, and posed some health risks due to radiation emissions. They have largely been replaced by flat panel displays like LCDs.
This document provides biographical information about Bilal Maqbool, a student in the Computer Science and Information Technology department at the University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. It includes his name, department, class, roll number, assignment topic (LCD), date submitted, and university. The document also contains technical information about LCD technology, including how LCD panels work and their components like liquid crystals, pixels, and backlights. Key terms like passive matrix, active matrix, bit depth, and contrast ratio are defined in the context of LCD displays.
Television works by broadcasting moving pictures and sound over the air or cable to receivers. Old cathode-ray tube (CRT) TVs use an electron gun to sweep across a phosphor screen and build up the picture, while modern flat screen TVs like LCD and plasma have millions of pixels that can be individually switched on or off to display an image. Televisions receive signals, separate them into video and audio, and use different circuits and technologies to recreate both the moving picture and synchronized sound.
The mouse uses an LED and CMOS sensor to track its movement across a surface, sending coordinates to the computer hundreds of times per second to smoothly move the cursor. The keyboard uses a processor and circuitry to detect which keys are pressed by completing circuits and comparing the locations to a character map. A touchpad senses finger pressure and movement across electrode grids to determine where the pointer should move on screen.
The document discusses types of monitors, focusing on CRT monitors. It explains that a CRT monitor uses an electron beam to excite phosphor dots on the screen to display an image. The beam travels across millions of red, green, and blue dots. Advantages are high brightness, quality, and contrast. Disadvantages include large size, potential health hazards from radiation, overheating risks, heavy weight, and headaches from constant refreshing.
This document provides an overview of graphics display systems. It discusses the basic components and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including the electron gun, focusing and deflection systems. It describes the refresh process of raster-scan CRTs and how random-scan CRTs work. Color CRT monitors are discussed, specifically the beam penetration and shadow mask methods. Key characteristics like resolution, persistence and aspect ratio are also summarized.
Input devices such as keyboards, mice, and touchpads send information into a computer. Output devices like screens, speakers, and projectors send information out. The mouse uses a light sensor and processor to detect movement across a surface and send cursor coordinates to the computer. The keyboard uses a circuit board to detect which keys are pressed and translate them into characters. A touchpad senses finger pressure and location to determine pointer movement. LCD screens and projectors work by controlling the transmission of light through liquid crystals to form images. Speakers vibrate a cone to produce sound waves from an electrical signal.
Video display devices use various technologies to visually present electronic information. Common types include CRT, LCD, LED, and plasma displays. CRTs use an electron gun to excite phosphors on the screen and were widely used in monitors and TVs. They can operate in raster or random scan modes. Color CRTs use shadow mask or beam penetration methods. Flat panel displays like LCDs are thinner than CRTs and use light modulation rather than emission to display images.
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Helen Keller was born deaf and blind in 1880 in Alabama. She was initially unable to communicate until Anne Sullivan became her teacher at age 6. Under Sullivan's tutelage, Keller learned to communicate through sign language and braille. After receiving her education, Keller went on to graduate from Radcliffe College and became an author and political activist, campaigning for women's suffrage and workers' rights. Her autobiography, The Story of My Life, describes the challenges of being deaf-blind and her triumph over adversity with Sullivan's help. The book provides insight into how Keller experienced and learned about the world.
Helen Keller was born deaf and blind in 1880 in Alabama. She learned basic tasks as a child but had no language abilities until Anne Sullivan became her teacher at age 6. Under Sullivan's tutelage, Keller learned to communicate through sign language and braille. She went on to graduate from Radcliffe College in 1904, becoming one of the first deaf-blind persons to earn a college degree. The Story of My Life details Keller's journey from isolated child to internationally renowned author and political activist. She advocated for women's suffrage, workers' rights, and opportunities for the blind. The book provides insight into how Keller experienced and learned about the world despite her disabilities with the help of her dedicated teacher Anne Sullivan.
This document discusses open source software solutions for libraries. It begins by explaining the philosophy of free and open source software, emphasizing freedom over price. The document then examines specific open source tools used at Lehigh University Libraries, including the VuFind discovery system, the eXtensible Catalog (XC) NCIP toolkit for connectivity, and Drupal for web presence. For each tool, the document outlines implementation experiences at Lehigh and benefits of the active user communities. It concludes that while open source solutions require consideration of hidden costs, they can be appropriate for libraries given benefits like collaboration and freedom.
This document discusses the classification and properties of pure substances and mixtures. It defines pure substances as consisting of a single element or compound, while mixtures contain two or more substances. Mixtures are classified as either homogeneous, containing substances uniformly mixed on a microscopic scale, or heterogeneous, where the composition varies visibly. The document outlines techniques for separating mixtures like evaporation, centrifugation, filtration and distillation. It also discusses concepts like solutions, saturation, concentration and crystallization.
RISC and CISC architectures evolved from different philosophies but have converged over time. CISC aimed to optimize for simpler compilers by incorporating complex instructions while RISC focused on optimized hardware using reduced, uniform instruction sets. While CISC was better for early computers with slow memory, RISC emerged to improve performance. Advances now blur the lines as CISC uses pipelining and RISC supports more instructions, showing how the strategies have influenced each other in modern processors.
Loops allow code to be repeatedly executed. The document discusses both indefinite while loops, which continue until a condition is met, and definite for loops, which iterate a specific number of times over items in a set. Key loop concepts covered include using break and continue to control loop execution, finding largest/smallest values, counting, summing, and filtering values using if statements.
Loops allow code to be repeatedly executed. The document discusses both indefinite while loops, which continue until a condition is met, and definite for loops, which iterate through each element of a set number of times. Specific examples are given for finding the largest or smallest value in a set using a loop. Loop control structures like break and continue are also explained.
The document discusses the periodic table, including its history, organization, and trends in properties across the table. It describes how Dmitri Mendeleev organized the first periodic table based on recurring properties among elements. Elements are arranged by atomic number and grouped into blocks, periods, and families based on their electron configurations. Properties like atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity follow predictable trends as one moves from left to right or top to bottom across the periodic table.
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Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from other classes. In C++, a derived class inherits from a base class. The derived class inherits all public and protected members of the base class and can add additional members or override inherited members. Constructors and destructors are not inherited, so derived classes must define their own. When a derived class object is instantiated, the base class constructor is called first to initialize the base portion, followed by the derived portion.
LCD monitors are becoming more common as they replace CRT monitors. LCDs use liquid crystals and backlighting rather than electron guns to display images. They are more energy efficient, compact, and do not emit radiation like CRTs. While early LCDs had issues like lower resolution and narrower viewing angles, technology has improved with innovations like TFT displays, better backlights, and digital interfaces. LCD prices have fallen significantly and many models now match or exceed CRT image quality at lower prices. Key factors to consider when buying an LCD monitor include resolution, viewing angle, contrast ratio, and price based on intended use and space.
A class that contains a pure virtual function is called an abstract base class and cannot be instantiated. It serves as an interface that defines common behavior for derived classes to implement. The document provides examples of an area abstract base class with a pure virtual getarea() function, and rectangle and triangle derived classes that override getarea() and provide class-specific implementations.
1) This document introduces graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and Java support for building GUIs. It discusses components, containers, layout managers, and events that make up GUIs.
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Helen Keller was born in 1880 in Alabama with full sight and hearing. She became ill at age 19 months which left her deaf and blind. Her mother worked to find help, connecting with Anne Sullivan. When Anne became her instructor at age 20, she taught Helen sign language and helped her breakthrough with communicating by spelling words into her hand. Helen learned braille and went on to graduate from college, becoming a famous author and advocate who worked to promote rights for disabled people until her death at age 87 in 1968.
This document provides instructions for installing Debian Linux on a computer. It describes the basic computer hardware components, how to set up the BIOS, create a Debian installation medium, and guide the user through the installation process. Key steps include setting the boot sequence in the BIOS to boot from the Debian installer, partitioning the disk during installation, configuring the network and time zone, creating a root and ordinary user, downloading packages from a network mirror, and installing the bootloader to make the system bootable.
The document compares GSM and CDMA mobile technologies. It provides an overview of GSM including its architecture, services provided, and key components like the mobile station, base station subsystem, and network subsystem. It then covers CDMA technologies and concepts like spread spectrum, multiple access using unique PN codes, and the advantages of CDMA over TDMA/FDMA in terms of bandwidth and frequency planning.
Helen Keller was born deaf and blind in 1880. She learned to communicate through finger spelling taught by her teacher Anne Sullivan. Keller published her autobiography at age 20 which described overcoming her disabilities through education. She went on to graduate from college and advocate for others with disabilities. The document outlines Keller's life story, her education journey, accomplishments, and insights into how she experienced and appreciated nature without sight.
Helen Keller was born in 1880 in Alabama. She became deaf and blind at 19 months due to an illness. For the next 5 years, she lived in almost complete isolation with no language. In 1887, Anne Sullivan became her teacher and introduced her to the finger spelling alphabet. This allowed Helen to rapidly learn language and about the world. Over time with Anne's patient teaching, Helen learned to read Braille and communicate effectively. She had many adventures and traveled, learning about nature, history and meeting other blind children. Anne Sullivan's dedication allowed Helen to have a full and independent life.
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Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
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* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
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Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
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Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
2. Summary of Previous
We have learnt,
Reasons why some computer users prefer alternative
methods of input over a standard keyboard or mouse.
Input data by touch
Game controllers
Input data by light
Other input types, e.g. audio, video etc.
When to use which input device?
Practical
3. Today’s Topics
Monitors
Monitors and Video Cards
Video Cards
Ergonomics and Monitors
Data Projectors
Sound Systems
4. Multimedia
The word ‘multimedia’ comes from the
Latin word multus means ‘numerous’ and
media which means ‘middle’ or Centre.
Multimedia consists a large number of
visual media like graphics, image,
animation etc
5. Visual Display Devices
Primary user hardware for displaying visual
media such as graphics, text, images.
Consists of components such as Monitor, Video
adapter card, video adapter cable.
Various such devices are CRT, color CRT,
DVST, Flat Panel Displays (LCD & Plasma),
LED monitors, etc.
6. Monitor
It is a most common output device
A monitor or display (also called screen
or visual display unit) is an electronic
visual display for computers.
Originally, computer monitors were used
for data processing while television
receivers were used for entertainment.
8. Monitor
Quality of picture we see on monitor
depends upon,
Monitor quality itself
Video controller.
From the 1980s onwards, computers (and
their monitors) have been used for both
data processing and entertainment.
9. Technologies
Different image technique have been used for
computer monitors.
Until the 21st
century most monitors were CRT
but they have been phased out for LCD
monitors.
They are categorized by color output.
Monitors connects to the video card of a
computer system.
11. Monochrome Monitor
A monochrome monitor is a type of CRT computer
display which was very common in the early days of
computing.
From the 1960s through the 1980s, before color monitors
became popular.
They are still widely used in applications such as
computerized cash register systems.
Green screen was the common name for a
monochrome monitor.
They are abandoned in early-to-mid 1980’s.
13. Grayscale Monitors
A special type of monochrome monitor capable
of displaying different shades of gray.
They are also known as black-and-white, are
composed exclusively of shades of gray, varying
from black at the weakest intensity to white at
the strongest.
Early grayscale monitors can only show up to
sixteen different shades
15. Color Monitors
A display monitor capable of displaying many colors.
Color Monitors works like a monochrome one, except
that there are three electron beams instead of one.
The three guns represent additive colors (red, green and
blue) although the beam they emit are colorless.
Each pixel includes three phosphors, red, green and
blue, arranged in a triangle.
When the beam of each of these guns are combined and
focused on a pixel, the phosphors light up.
16. Color Monitors
The monitors can display different colors by combining
various intensities of three beams.
18. The most popular display today remains
Color monitors CRT.
It has been available for more than 70 years.
CRT is used.
Cost less than LCD monitors.
What is being used today?
19. History of the Cathode Ray
1855- Heinrich Geissler creates the mercury pump, the first good
vacuum tubes. Sir William Crookes uses these to produce the first
cathode rays.
1858- Julius Plücker bends cathode rays using a magnet
1869- J.W. Hittorf establishes that the “rays” travel in straight lines
1883- Heinrich Hertz concludes incorrectly that cathode rays are not
made up of particles because they are not deflected by electrically
charged metal plates
1895- Jean-Baptiste Perrin shows that cathode rays are particles
because they deposit a negative charge where they impact
1897- J.J. Thomson discovers electrons using cathode rays
20. How Monitor Works?
Most use a cathode-ray tube as a display
device.
CRT: Glass tube that is narrow at one end
and opens to a flat screen at the other
end.
21. Electrons travel through a vacuum sealed
container from the cathode (negative) to the
anode (positive).
Because the electrons are negatively charged,
they are repelled away from the cathode, and
move across the tube to the anode.
The ray can be affected by a magnet because of
its relation to positive and negative charges
How Monitor Works?
22. Some Anatomy of the CRT
Anode- Positively Charged, Ray travels towards this
Cathode- Negatively Charged, Ray travels away from
this
23. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitors
A CRT monitor contains millions of tiny red, green, and
blue phosphor dots that glow when struck by an electron
beam. Electron beam travels across the screen to create
a visible image.
In a CRT monitor tube, the cathode is a heated filament.
The heated filament is in a vacuum created inside a
glass tube. The electrons are negative and the screen
gives a positive charge so the screen glows.
24. Basic Cathode Ray Tube
Electrons excite phosphor to glow
Electrons fired from the back
Phosphor is arranged in dots called pixels
Dot mask ensures proper pixel is lit
25. Phosphore
It is a semi-conducteur material which emits visible
radiation in response to the impact of electrons.
(i.e. when it absorbs energy from some source such
as an electron beam, it releases a portion of this
energy in the form of light).
In response to a sudden change in the electron
beam(from on to off), the light emission does not fall
instantaneously, there is a gradual reduction challed
‘fluorescence’ .
26. Scanning Pattern of CRT Electron
Gun
The electron gun scans from left to right and
From top to bottom.
Refreshing every phosphor dot in a zig-zag pattern.
27. Advantages of CRT
The cathode rayed tube can easily increase the
monitor’s brightness by reflecting the light.
They produce more colours
The Cathode Ray Tube monitors have lower price rate
than the LCD display or Plasma display.
The quality of the image displayed on a Cathode Ray
Tube is superior to the LCD and Plasma monitors.
The contrast features of the cathode ray tube monitor
are considered highly excellent.
28. Disadvantages of CRT
They have a big back and take up space on desk.
The electromagnetic fields emitted by CRT monitors
constitute a health hazard to the functioning of living
cells.
CRTs emit a small amount of X-ray band radiation which
can result in a health hazard.
Constant refreshing of CRT monitors can result in
headache.
CRTs operate at very high voltage which can overheat
system or result in an implosion
Within a CRT a strong vacuum exists in it and can also
result in a implosion
They are heavy to pick up and carry around
30. Liquid Crystal Display - Monitor
It is a flat panel display, electronic visual
display, or video display that uses the light
modulating properties of liquid crystals
(LCs).
LCs do not emit light directly .
31. LCD History
Liquid crystals were first discovered in 1888 by Austrian
botanist Friedrich Reinitzer.
RCA, an American Laboratory made the first experimental
LCD in (1968).
Manufacturers have been developing creative variations and
improvements since on LCDs.
In 1997, manufactures began to offer full size LCD monitors
as alternatives to CRT monitors.
Until recently, was only used on notebook computers and
other portable devices.
32. LCD Technology
Used for displays in notebooks, small computers, pagers,
phones and other instruments.
Uses a combination of fluorescent-based backlight, color
filters, transistors, and liquid crystal to create and
illuminate images.
Until recently, was only used on notebook computers and
other portable devices.
33. From CRT to LCD
CRT
Bulky, heavy, use vacuum tube
technology.
Using technology that was
developed in the 19th
century.
LCD
First LCD laptop monitors were
very small due to manufacturing
costs but now are available in a
variety of sizes.
Light, sleek, energy-efficient, have
sharp picture.
34. Liquid Crystal Display
There are mainly two categories of LCD.
The passive matrix LCD
The Active matrix LCD
35. Passive Matrix LCD
Monochrome passive-matrix LCDs were standard in
most early laptops.
Still being used today for applications less demanding
than laptops and TVs.
It consisting of a grid of horizontal and vertical wires.
At the intersection of each grid is an LCD element
which constitutes a single pixel, either letting light
through or blocking it.
Passive matrix LCD
Pixels arranged in a grid
Pixels are activated indirectly
Row and column are activated
Animation can be blurry
38. Active Matrix LCD
Active-matrix LCDs depend on thin film
transistors (TFT).
TFTs are tiny switching transistors and capacitors.
They are arranged in a matrix on a glass
substrate.
Each pixel is activated directly
Pixels have 4 transistors
One each for red, green, blue
One for opaqueness
Animation is crisp and clean
40. Advantages of LCD
The sharpness of a LCD display is at maximum tweak
ness.
High peak intensity produces very bright images. Best
for brightly lit environments.
Screens are perfectly flat.
Thin, with a small footprint. Consume little electricity and
produce little heat
The LCD display unit is very light and can be put
anywhere or moved anywhere in the house.
Lack of flicker and low glare reduce eyestrain.
41. Disadvantages of LCD
After a while the LCD display the some of the
pixels will die you will see a discoloured spot on
a black spot on the display.
The cost of a LCD is considerably at a high
price.
The LCD display will have slow response times.
The LCD display has a fixed resolution display
and cannot be changed.
The viewing angle of a LCD display is very
limited.
42. Other types of Monitors
Paper-white displays
High contrast between fore and background
Electro-luminescent displays (ELD)
Similar to LCD
Uses phosphor to produce light
Plasma monitor
Gas is excited to produce light
47. Size
A monitor’s size affect how well we can see images.
With a larger monitor, we can make the objects on the
screen appear bigger.
Monitors are measured diagonally, in inches, across the
front of the screen.
A 17 inch monitor measures 17 inches from the lower left
to the upper right corner.
CRT monitors viewing area is smaller than the monitor’s
overall size.
48. Resolution
The images you see on your monitor are made of tiny
dots called pixels.
The term resolution refers to the sharpness and clarity of
an image.
A monitor resolution is determined by the number of
pixels on the screen. It is expressed as a Matrix.
The more pixels a monitor displays, higher will be its
resolution. Clearer will be images appear.
For example 640 X 480 resolution means that there are 640
pixels horizontally across the screen and 480 pixels vertically
down the screen.
49. Resolution
Actual resolution is determined by the video controller.
Most monitors can operate at several different resolutions. They
are
640 X 480
800 X 600
1024 X 768
1152 X 864
1280 X 1024
As the resolution increases, image on the screen gets
smaller.
51. Standards
There are various standards for monitor
resolution.
Video Graphics Array standard is 640 X 480
pixels.
Super VGA is 800 x 600 and 1024 x 768.
Today, nearly all color monitors can be set
to higher resolution.
52. Refresh Rate
Monitor refresh rate is the number of times per second
that the electron guns scan every pixel on the screen.
Refresh rate is important because phosphor dots fade
quickly after the electron gun charges them with
electrons.
If the screen is not refreshed, it will appear to flicker.
Refresh rate is measured in Hz or Cycles per second.
If the monitor refresh rate is 100 Hz, it means that it
refreshes its pixels 100 times every second.
54. Dot Pitch
It is the distance between the same color
dots
Ranges between .15 mm and .40 mm
Smaller creates a finer picture
Should be less than .22
56. Video Cards
Interface between computer and a display device.
Unless a computer has graphics capability built into the
motherboard, the video card is required.
The CPU, working in conjunction with software
applications, sends information about the image to the
video card. The video card decides how to use the pixels
on the screen to create the image. It then sends that
information to the monitor through output interface.
57. Evolution of Video Cards
IBM introduced first video card in 1981,
named Monochrome Display Adapter
(MDA).
MDA provided text-only displays of green
or white text on a black screen.
59. How Video card works?
At most common resolution settings, a screen
displays over a million pixels, and the computer
has to decide what to do with every one in order
to create an image.
To do this it needs something to take binary data from
the CPU and turn it into a picture you can see.
Unless a computer has graphics capability built
into the motherboard, that translation takes
place on the graphics card.
60. The CPU, working in conjunction with software
applications, sends information about the image
to the graphics card.
The graphics card decides how to use the pixels
on the screen to create the image.
It then sends that information to the monitor
through a cable.
It is capable of rendering 3D images.
How Video card works?
61. Video Card - GPU
Similar to CPU but designed specifically to
perform complex mathematical and geometric
calculations necessary for graphics rendering.
Less congestion on the system bus
Reduction in the workload of CPU
63. Video Card - GPU
Operations: bitmap transfers, painting, window
resizing and repositioning, line drawing, font
scaling and polygon drawing etc.
Some GPUs have image enhancement
algorithms built-in.
64. Video Card - GPU
Some of the latest GPUs
have more transistors
than average CPU and
produce a lot of heat.
Heat-sinking and fan
cooling are required
65. Video Card - Memory
When a video card is connected within the
motherboard, it will use the computers random access
memory (RAM).
If it is not connected to the motherboard though, the
video card often has its own memory known as Video
RAM (VRAM).
The capacity of VRAM in modern video cards ranges
from 125 to almost 800 MB.
66. Video Card Memory
In 2006, DDR technology was the base of the VRAM.
The clock rate of the memory was between 300 MHz
and 1.7 GHz.
The Z-buffer is an important part of the video memory. It
takes care of the depth coordinates in 3D graphics
Modern cards have up to 512 MB RAM
67. Ergonomics and Monitors
Eyestrain
It is the fatigue of the eyes
Steps to avoid
Choose a good monitor
Place the monitor 2 – 3 feet away
Center of screen below eye level
Avoid reflected light
68. Ergonomics and Monitors
Electronic magnetic fields (EMF)
Generated by all electronic devices
EMF may be detrimental to health
Steps to avoid
Keep the computer at arms length
Take frequent breaks
Use an LCD monitor
69. Data Projectors
A video projector is an image projector
that receives a video signal and projects
the corresponding image on a projection
screen using a lens system.
70. Data Projectors
They replaced overhead and slide projectors.
Project image onto wall or screen
LCD projectors
Most common type of projector
Small LCD screen
Very bright light
Require a darkened room
71. Data Projectors
Digital Light Projectors
A series of mirrors control the display
May be used in a lighted room
Example is Cinema Projectors
72. Sound Systems
It is an integral part of the computer
experience
Capable of recording and playback
73. Sound Systems
Sound card are the,
Device between the CPU and speakers
Converts digital sounds to analog
Can be connected to several devices
Modern cards support Dolby Surround Sound
75. Sound Systems
Headphones and headsets
Replacement for speakers and microphones
Offer privacy
Does not annoy other people
Outside noise is not a factor
Headsets have speakers and a microphone
81. Getting to “Dots Per Inch”
Then, click the “Advanced”
button to set Dots Per Inch
82. Resetting Dots Per Inch (DPI)
Change DPI
setting to “Large
Size” (120 DPI)
83. How does everything look now?
At this point, close the Display settings window and see
how your desktop screens look. If nothing has changed,
try rebooting.
If you find that everything, including desktop icons and
text, is now very, very tiny, you may also need to reset
your base font size.
The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons) and a fluorescent screen used to view images. It has a means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam onto the fluorescent screen to create the images. The image may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets and others. CRTs have also been used as memory devices, in which case the visible light emitted from the fluoresecent material (if any) is not intended to have significant meaning to a visual observer (though the visible pattern on the tube face may cryptically represent the stored data).
The CRT uses an evacuated glass envelope which is large, deep (i.e. long from front screen face to rear end), fairly heavy, and relatively fragile. As a matter of safety, the face is typically made of thick lead glass so as to be highly shatter-resistant and to block most X-ray emissions, particularly if the CRT is used in a consumer product.
CRTs have largely been superseded by more modern display technologies such as LCD, Plasma, LED and OLED, which offer lower manufacturing and distribution costs.
A cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube which consists of one or more electron guns, possibly internal electrostatic deflection plates, and a phosphor target. In television sets and computer monitors, the entire front area of the tube is scanned repetitively and systematically in a fixed pattern called a raster. An image is produced by controlling the intensity of each of the three electron beams, one for each additive primary color (red, green, and blue) with a video signal as a reference. In all modern CRT monitors and televisions, the beams are bent by magnetic deflection, a varying magnetic field generated by coils and driven by electronic circuits around the neck of the tube, although electrostatic deflection is commonly used in oscilloscopes, a type of diagnostic instrument.
Insider information
A projector is rated in lumens. This is a measure of how bright the projector is. Higher lumens ratings result in a brighter projector. For a guide to lumens ratings, see http://www.projectorpeople.com/tutorials/lumen-guide.asp.
Insider information
The PS2 game SOCOM II Navy Seals includes a USB headset to allow verbal communication with other team members.