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PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE
OVER THE YEARS
Mary Yole Apple Declaro-Ruedas
Associate Professor V
Occidental Mindoro State College
DURING THE SPANISH ERA
•Spaniards offered local and foreign
scholarships, grants and endowment fund for
a professorial chair in agriculture and
establish an academy of design.
•Introduced and acclimatized the myrrh birds
(martinez) from China to fight against
migratory locust infestation in the Philippines.
•Plan General Economico included the
income generating monopolies of
tobacco, jareca nut, spirituous liquors
and explosives.
•Gave incentives by awarding cash
prizes and medals of recognition for
excellence in farming indigo, spices,
cotton, cultivating mulberry for silk
production and bee-keeping.
DURING THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION
•Created the then Department of
Agriculture and Manufacturing through a
presidential proclamation on June 23 1898.
•A homestead Law was passed, giving
every Filipino citizen the opportunity to
acquire at least 24 hectares of land
safeguarded by the Torrens Act.
• In 1902, the Bureau of Agriculture , now
the Bureau of Plant Industry was created
to promote agriculture. Experimental and
model farms were established, plant pests
were gradually exterminated, modern
tractors and farm machinery were
introduced, and the people were taught
modern methods of cultivation.
PRESIDENT MANUEL L. QUEZON
 People were encouraged to go into
agricultural business especially people in
Mindanao where favorable climatic condition
is available since food is highly needed during
these times.
 Due to financial shortage, information were
not passed and shared to farmers.
 Trading of agricultural products between the
Philippines and US increased.
 Division of Soil Survey was created to
undertake soil and agronomical survey.
PRESIDENT JOSE P. LAUREL
• This period was called “the rude
awakening” because it was realized that the
Philippines did not raise enough food for
the people and have been dependent all
along upon other countries for its
deficiency in rice and other cereals.
• He tried to have a gradual but determined
reorientation of the economy from
dependence upon raw materials exports to
increasing reliance upon the home market.
PRESIDENT MANUEL A. ROXAS
• Giving parity rights to the Americans: - the
disposition, exploitation, development and
utilization of all agricultural, timber and
mineral lands of the public domain, waters,
minerals, coal, petroleum, and other natural
resources of the Philippines
• Established the Rehabilitation Finance
Corporation (RFC, later changed to
Development Bank of the Philippines) for the
rehabilitation and development of
agriculture among others.
PRESIDENT ELPIDIO QUIRINO
• The Bureau of Agricultural Extension was
established. He made the rice industry the first
commodity sector to have an integrated national
planning. There was an intensive rehabilitation of
the rice, corn, tobacco, fiber, sugar, livestock, fishery
and mining industries begun.
• Congress passed the Rural Bank Act in 1952 which
authorized the organization of a system of rural
banks with substantial capital participation of the
government.
• Congress also created the Agricultural Credit and
Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) which
was authorized to organize the Farmers Cooperative
Marketing Associations (FACOMAS) and to extend
low cost loans to them.
PRESIDENT RAMON MAGSAYSAY
• The Philippines actively pursued an import-
substitution strategy to achieve higher employment,
reduce domestic inflation and market interest rates
with the goal of creating stronger economic growth
and accelerating modernization and industrialization.
• The Philippines became a member of the United
Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
• The National Rice and Corn Production Program were
launched coupled with the creation of the Rice and
Corn Coordinating Council, the forerunner of the
National Food and Agriculture Council (NFAC) which is
now the National Agricultural and Fishery Council
(NAFC).
PRESIDENT CARLOS P. GARCIA
• Austerity program – urged the people to lead simple
lives and do away with luxurious lifestyles. He
emphasized the values, wise spending, industry,
thrift, trustworthiness, integrity and honesty.
Government officials and employees were
reminded that public office is a public trust and that
graft and corruption destroy the people’s trust in
government. Graft and corruption was not totally
eliminated but his efforts were timely in
strengthening the people’s faith and confidence in
the democratic process.
• The Filipino First Policy – encourage the people to
patronize Philippine-made products and to promote
Filipino labor.
• Cultural Revival
PRESIDENT DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
• Believed that research will make full and
comprehensive solution to our rice
problem. It is for this reason that he
allowed the establishment of the
International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI) in our land.
• Dissected the problem of the sugar
industry.
PRESIDENT FERDINAND E. MARCOS
• Agricultural Republic Act 6389 – automatic conversion
of share tenency to leasehold and a retention rate of
75 to 24 hectares must be lowered and the creation
of DAR. A failure because it provided for the right to
eject the lessee for having failed to adopt proven farm
practice. Risk minimizers rather than profit
maximizer.
• A balanced Agro-Industrialized Economy
• Farmers without land was resettled in agricultural
settlements owned by the government. Average farm
lot is 6 has.
• Breakthrough to self sufficiency for about 2 years
only through MASAGANA 99, a massive dispersal of
a modern package of technology (HYV’s, fertilizers
and pesticides), the extension of supervised credit
without collateral, dispersal of agricultural
extension workers to facilitate technology transfer,
utilization of mass media to disseminate
information, and total coordinated government
management of the program.
• Sugar industry provides the country with a stable
flow of foreign exchange earnings and employment
for a great number of Filipinos.
• Replanting program for coconut
PRESIDENT CORAZON C. AQUINO
• Comprehensive and genuine agrarian
reform program with some supports as
credit, marketing and technology
• Uplift the farmers from poverty, ignorance
and stagnation
• Make the farmers useful, dignified,
responsible and progressive partners in
nation building
• Distribute portions of public lands through
resettlement
• Lend idle private lands to the landless
• Encourage voluntary land sharing
protection
• Shortlived due to the destabilizing effect of
the various military coups mounted against
Aquino Administration.
• Nonetheless, Aquino government was able
to lay the foundation for which succeeding
administrations could proceed to develop
the countryside.
• signed Executive Order 116 that created the
ATI.
PRESIDENT FIDEL V. RAMOS
• Too preoccupied with industrializing the economy by the year
2000 that it failed to give the appropriate financial support
and attention on developing the Philippine Agriculture for the
World Trade.
• Except for livestock and export crops such as banana and
pineapple all agricultural commodities suffered a decline in
productivity.
• Initiated the MTADP (Medium Term Agricultural Development
Plan) –in 4 programs
GPEP – Grains Production Enhancement Program
KCCDP – Key Commercial Crops Development Program
MTLDP – Medium Term Livestock Development Program
MTFMDP – Medium Term Fisheries Management
Development Program
• Intensified Delivery of Support Service
• Adopted GATT Safety Measures.
PRESIDENT JOSEPH E. ESTRADA
• Continue the program of President Ramos
• More focused on crime prevention and on
constitutional correction for development
(CONCORD)
• Little evidence that the agricultural policies and
institutions were moving in right directions because
he further centralize the distribution of tents and
dispensation of political favors which perpetuate
ineffective government programs.
• Agrikulturang Makamasa – continue the activities
of Gintong Ani.
• Approved the implementation of Biotechnology in
the country.
PRESIDENT GLORIA M. ARROYO
• Ensured the yearly funding of AFMA . (includes
yearly loan releases of more than P10B from LBP.
• GMA-CARES (Ginintuang Masaganang Ani-
Countrywide Assistance for Rural Employment and
Services. – provide sustainable credit for small
borrowers and marginalized groups in the country.
• Hybrid Rice Commercialization Program – to
promote widespread use of hybrid rice seeds in the
country in order to enhance farmers’ productivity
and income and to generate employment in the
rural areas.
• Commodity Programs
PRESIDENT BENIGNO S. AQUINO
The Vision for the Philippines:
A country with…
1. A re-awakened sense of right and wrong, through
the living examples of our highest leaders;
2. An organized and widely-shared rapid expansion
of our economy through a government dedicated to
honing and mobilizing our people’s skills and
energies as well as the responsible harnessing of our
natural resources;
3. A collective belief that doing the right thing does
not only make sense morally, but translates into
economic value as well;
4. Public institutions rebuilt on the strong solidarity of
our society and its communities.

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lecture 2b. Presidents.pdf

  • 1. PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE OVER THE YEARS Mary Yole Apple Declaro-Ruedas Associate Professor V Occidental Mindoro State College
  • 3. •Spaniards offered local and foreign scholarships, grants and endowment fund for a professorial chair in agriculture and establish an academy of design. •Introduced and acclimatized the myrrh birds (martinez) from China to fight against migratory locust infestation in the Philippines.
  • 4. •Plan General Economico included the income generating monopolies of tobacco, jareca nut, spirituous liquors and explosives. •Gave incentives by awarding cash prizes and medals of recognition for excellence in farming indigo, spices, cotton, cultivating mulberry for silk production and bee-keeping.
  • 5. DURING THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION
  • 6. •Created the then Department of Agriculture and Manufacturing through a presidential proclamation on June 23 1898. •A homestead Law was passed, giving every Filipino citizen the opportunity to acquire at least 24 hectares of land safeguarded by the Torrens Act.
  • 7. • In 1902, the Bureau of Agriculture , now the Bureau of Plant Industry was created to promote agriculture. Experimental and model farms were established, plant pests were gradually exterminated, modern tractors and farm machinery were introduced, and the people were taught modern methods of cultivation.
  • 9.  People were encouraged to go into agricultural business especially people in Mindanao where favorable climatic condition is available since food is highly needed during these times.  Due to financial shortage, information were not passed and shared to farmers.  Trading of agricultural products between the Philippines and US increased.  Division of Soil Survey was created to undertake soil and agronomical survey.
  • 11. • This period was called “the rude awakening” because it was realized that the Philippines did not raise enough food for the people and have been dependent all along upon other countries for its deficiency in rice and other cereals. • He tried to have a gradual but determined reorientation of the economy from dependence upon raw materials exports to increasing reliance upon the home market.
  • 13. • Giving parity rights to the Americans: - the disposition, exploitation, development and utilization of all agricultural, timber and mineral lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other natural resources of the Philippines • Established the Rehabilitation Finance Corporation (RFC, later changed to Development Bank of the Philippines) for the rehabilitation and development of agriculture among others.
  • 15. • The Bureau of Agricultural Extension was established. He made the rice industry the first commodity sector to have an integrated national planning. There was an intensive rehabilitation of the rice, corn, tobacco, fiber, sugar, livestock, fishery and mining industries begun. • Congress passed the Rural Bank Act in 1952 which authorized the organization of a system of rural banks with substantial capital participation of the government. • Congress also created the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) which was authorized to organize the Farmers Cooperative Marketing Associations (FACOMAS) and to extend low cost loans to them.
  • 17. • The Philippines actively pursued an import- substitution strategy to achieve higher employment, reduce domestic inflation and market interest rates with the goal of creating stronger economic growth and accelerating modernization and industrialization. • The Philippines became a member of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. • The National Rice and Corn Production Program were launched coupled with the creation of the Rice and Corn Coordinating Council, the forerunner of the National Food and Agriculture Council (NFAC) which is now the National Agricultural and Fishery Council (NAFC).
  • 19. • Austerity program – urged the people to lead simple lives and do away with luxurious lifestyles. He emphasized the values, wise spending, industry, thrift, trustworthiness, integrity and honesty. Government officials and employees were reminded that public office is a public trust and that graft and corruption destroy the people’s trust in government. Graft and corruption was not totally eliminated but his efforts were timely in strengthening the people’s faith and confidence in the democratic process. • The Filipino First Policy – encourage the people to patronize Philippine-made products and to promote Filipino labor. • Cultural Revival
  • 21. • Believed that research will make full and comprehensive solution to our rice problem. It is for this reason that he allowed the establishment of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in our land. • Dissected the problem of the sugar industry.
  • 23. • Agricultural Republic Act 6389 – automatic conversion of share tenency to leasehold and a retention rate of 75 to 24 hectares must be lowered and the creation of DAR. A failure because it provided for the right to eject the lessee for having failed to adopt proven farm practice. Risk minimizers rather than profit maximizer. • A balanced Agro-Industrialized Economy • Farmers without land was resettled in agricultural settlements owned by the government. Average farm lot is 6 has.
  • 24. • Breakthrough to self sufficiency for about 2 years only through MASAGANA 99, a massive dispersal of a modern package of technology (HYV’s, fertilizers and pesticides), the extension of supervised credit without collateral, dispersal of agricultural extension workers to facilitate technology transfer, utilization of mass media to disseminate information, and total coordinated government management of the program. • Sugar industry provides the country with a stable flow of foreign exchange earnings and employment for a great number of Filipinos. • Replanting program for coconut
  • 26. • Comprehensive and genuine agrarian reform program with some supports as credit, marketing and technology • Uplift the farmers from poverty, ignorance and stagnation • Make the farmers useful, dignified, responsible and progressive partners in nation building • Distribute portions of public lands through resettlement • Lend idle private lands to the landless
  • 27. • Encourage voluntary land sharing protection • Shortlived due to the destabilizing effect of the various military coups mounted against Aquino Administration. • Nonetheless, Aquino government was able to lay the foundation for which succeeding administrations could proceed to develop the countryside. • signed Executive Order 116 that created the ATI.
  • 29. • Too preoccupied with industrializing the economy by the year 2000 that it failed to give the appropriate financial support and attention on developing the Philippine Agriculture for the World Trade. • Except for livestock and export crops such as banana and pineapple all agricultural commodities suffered a decline in productivity. • Initiated the MTADP (Medium Term Agricultural Development Plan) –in 4 programs GPEP – Grains Production Enhancement Program KCCDP – Key Commercial Crops Development Program MTLDP – Medium Term Livestock Development Program MTFMDP – Medium Term Fisheries Management Development Program • Intensified Delivery of Support Service • Adopted GATT Safety Measures.
  • 31. • Continue the program of President Ramos • More focused on crime prevention and on constitutional correction for development (CONCORD) • Little evidence that the agricultural policies and institutions were moving in right directions because he further centralize the distribution of tents and dispensation of political favors which perpetuate ineffective government programs. • Agrikulturang Makamasa – continue the activities of Gintong Ani. • Approved the implementation of Biotechnology in the country.
  • 33. • Ensured the yearly funding of AFMA . (includes yearly loan releases of more than P10B from LBP. • GMA-CARES (Ginintuang Masaganang Ani- Countrywide Assistance for Rural Employment and Services. – provide sustainable credit for small borrowers and marginalized groups in the country. • Hybrid Rice Commercialization Program – to promote widespread use of hybrid rice seeds in the country in order to enhance farmers’ productivity and income and to generate employment in the rural areas. • Commodity Programs
  • 35. The Vision for the Philippines: A country with… 1. A re-awakened sense of right and wrong, through the living examples of our highest leaders; 2. An organized and widely-shared rapid expansion of our economy through a government dedicated to honing and mobilizing our people’s skills and energies as well as the responsible harnessing of our natural resources; 3. A collective belief that doing the right thing does not only make sense morally, but translates into economic value as well; 4. Public institutions rebuilt on the strong solidarity of our society and its communities.