The Training and Visit (T&V) system is an agricultural extension approach that brings subject matter specialists and farmers together to facilitate farming operations and help farmers increase production. It aims to build a professional extension service to guide farmers through agricultural production and income growth. The T&V approach was implemented to ensure extension agents focus solely on extension, extension is closely linked to research, training is continuous, work is time-bound, and farmer orientation is maintained.

1. University of
Agriculture
Faisalabad Pakistan
Sohail17@hotmail.com

2.  T &V is a unique approach bringing
professional subject matter specialist and
farmers together to learn and facilitate
farming operations to help farmers produce
more

3.  TheTraining andVisit system in Agricultural
Extension Education is designed for building
a lined professional extension service that is
capable of guiding the farmers in agricultural
production and raising their income by
providing appropriate plans for country
development

6.  The assumptions with this approach are:
 EFS are poorly trained and not up-to-date

7.  less frequent visits and extension contact
 management and supervision are inadequate
and
 two way flow of information between
research and extension is weak

8.  T &V approach was to ensure that:
 The extension agents should carry out
extension functions exclusively
 Extension should be closely linked with the
research
 Training should be a regular and continuous
process at all levels
 Work should be time-bound
 Field and farmer orientation should be
maintained

9.  Top-down approach to planning
 Decisions are taken at the top
 Production recommendation send down to
farmers for adoption
 Rural people are usually not involve
 Farmers problems and challenges are
suppose to be conveyed to SMS by EFS

10.  Contact farmer approach
Field demonstration
Farm visits and tours
Group and individual meetings
Telephone calls

11.  Fortnightly visit by agent
 Fortnightly regular of EFS by SMS
 Evaluation by EFS and SMS
 Evaluation and review by RELC at the zonal
level

12.  Reduction of operational areas
 Regular and continue training of EFS
 Provision of logistics eg. motorbikes,
teaching materials etc
 Better and improve emolument of EFS
(Extension Field staff)

13.  Level of adoption of innovation
 Farmers KAPS
 Productivity

14.  This system/approach had provided an
effective way for improving knowledge and
efficiency of the extension staff.
 Improvement in extension coverage
 Fixed schedule of visits to farmers, which
helped farmers to have contact with EFS on
the one hand and helped the supervisory
staff to know the whereabouts of the EFS

15.  Regular training of the staff which helped
to develop technical competence and
effective delivery.
 The extension workers were assigned specific
job
 Provision of logistic support in terms of
providing mobility etc

16.  It was a top-down approach (expert know all)
 So called expert
transfer technology to solve rural people
problems
 It was also criticized as too rigid in terms
of fortnightly visits
especially during the slack seasons

18.  Its main focus was on procedural aspects
rather than other essential aspects like the
message and its dissemination
 It is an expensive approach as it involves high
level of recurrent expenditure in developing
countries like Pakistan & India

19.  It is too labor intensive which a poor country
like Pakistan may not be able to afford
 This approach did not make effective use
of mass media
 The selection ofCFs was biased as they were
not representatives of the resource
poor farmers

20. Thank You