MONITORING & EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMES
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MONITORING & EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMES. HIGHLIGHTS EXTENSION PROGRAMME PLANNING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF PROJECTS, STEPS IN PROGRAM PLANNING ETC.
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Kvk ( krishi vigyan kendra)
KVK (Krishi Vigyan Kendra ) :- Introducation of kvk ,
objectives of kvk ,
mandate and activities of kvk ,
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An agricultural extension programme involves a collaborative planning process between extension staff and local communities. It includes:
1) An analysis of the current situation and problems facing the local area
2) Objectives and goals determined by the community to address key problems
3) Recommended solutions and a plan of action to achieve objectives over the short and long-term.
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1) Definitions of organic farming emphasizing avoiding synthetic inputs and relying on natural systems and materials.
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The FLE approach gives farmers the opportunity to share their experiences and practices through a method demonstration with fellow farmers in the area.
Reasons for Group Led Extension
1. Efficiency
2. Effectiveness
3. Collective action
4. Equity
Farm school :
“Farm school is a field where latest technology was demonstrated to progressive and interested farmers who undergo training for a certain period of time. Farm schools help in speedy dissemination and adoption of technologies through training of progressive farmers on the latest production technology.”
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The document summarizes India's agricultural extension systems. It discusses four major organizational streams that work for rural development: ICAR institutes and universities, state agriculture departments, rural development departments, and voluntary organizations. It then provides details on several specific extension programs established by ICAR, including National Demonstrations (1964), Operational Research Projects (1972), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (1974), Lab to Land (1979), and Frontline Demonstrations. It describes the objectives and roles of these various extension initiatives in demonstrating and disseminating new agricultural technologies to farmers.
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This document outlines key principles of agricultural extension. It discusses collecting information about community problems and resources through surveys. It emphasizes setting realistic objectives that satisfy the community and result in behavioral and economic changes. It also stresses teaching research-based solutions relevant to the community and evaluating outcomes through re-surveys to measure success and identify deficiencies. The extension program should be reconsidered based on evaluation results, with problems identified becoming the starting point for the next phase.
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Extension administration is an important factor for the working of any organization. it helps in smooth working of an organization.
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The document discusses different extension teaching methods used to communicate between instructors and learners. It categorizes methods according to their use (individual, group, mass contact), form (written, visual, telling, showing, doing), stage in the innovation-decision process (knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation), learning process (attention, interest, conviction, action, desire, satisfaction), learning objectives (knowledge, skill, attitude), and adopter categories (innovation, early adopters, early and late majority, laggards). Some commonly used methods include farm and home visits, demonstrations, meetings, printed materials, and audiovisual aids.
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
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2) It provides a brief history of developments in rainfed agriculture in India starting from the 1920s, including establishment of research stations and institutions.
3) The document outlines several problems faced in rainfed agriculture like inadequate and uneven rainfall distribution, long gaps between rainfall, early/late monsoon onset, early cessation of rains, and prolonged dry spells. It provides solutions to address each problem.
Plant Ideotype Concept
The document discusses crop ideotypes and ideotype breeding. It defines an ideotype as an ideal or model plant type designed for a specific environment to maximize yield. Ideotype breeding aims to enhance genetic yield potential through manipulation of individual plant traits. Examples of ideotypes are provided for various crops like wheat, rice, maize, barley and cotton that focus on traits like plant height, tillering ability, leaf characteristics and resistance to stresses. Factors influencing ideotypes and the steps in ideotype breeding are also outlined. Practical achievements highlighted ideotype breeding's role in the green revolution by developing semi-dwarf varieties responsive to fertilizers.
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Monitoring is a continuous process that collects and analyzes data on project implementation and results to assess progress towards objectives and recommend corrective actions. It provides regular feedback to stakeholders on performance against plans and standards. The key functions of monitoring are to provide early warnings of any shortfalls in inputs or outputs to enable timely corrective actions by management and track actual performance against what was planned. Evaluation is a periodic assessment that seeks to identify factors related to a program's effectiveness and determine lessons for improving future projects. It judges program activities and appraises data to assess short-term impacts on beneficiaries.
M&e notes unit 1(7)
The document defines monitoring as the regular collection of project data to track progress and make timely decisions, while evaluation is a periodic, objective assessment of all aspects of a project to determine effectiveness. It describes different types of monitoring like implementation and results monitoring, and various types of evaluation including formative, outcome, impact, and summative evaluations. Quality evaluation should be impartial, useful, technically adequate, include feedback, and provide good value relative to the project's cost.
HOW TO CARRY OUT MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF PROJECT AT THE WORKPLACE S
M&E are necessary in Project Implementation and for giving feed back to all stakeholders direct and indirect .
Chapter IV: Programme of Action
The document discusses concepts related to developing an action plan, including defining actions and activities. It describes a 5-step process for establishing a logframe matrix to design actions and their attributes. This includes formulating statements of outputs and activities, defining assumptions, indicators, and means of verification. Nesting logframes allows wider objectives to be broken down into specific objectives relevant to local contexts. Monitoring and evaluation measure progress against expected objectives and use indicators to do so. Different types of evaluation are also outlined.
Strategy of Implementation
The document discusses strategies for implementing plans and monitoring their progress. It emphasizes that implementation turns strategies into actions to achieve objectives, and that a strategy without proper implementation is ineffective. Key aspects of effective implementation include having committed leadership, clear communication, sufficient resources, and accountability. The document also stresses the importance of monitoring and evaluation to track progress, identify challenges, and make adjustments to continually improve plans. Both monitoring and evaluation provide feedback but serve different purposes - monitoring provides real-time data while evaluation provides in-depth assessment.
Wcms 546505
This document discusses key principles of monitoring and evaluation for youth employment programs. It defines monitoring as continuous data collection to assess implementation, while evaluation determines a program's overall effectiveness and impact. Critical components include: having a clear theory of change linking inputs to outcomes; establishing performance indicators to measure progress; setting targets and baselines; and considering cost-effectiveness. Process indicators track participant characteristics and implementation, while outcome indicators like placement rates assess if the program is achieving employment goals. Disaggregating data by participant demographics and job characteristics allows for thorough performance analysis.
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MONITORING & EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMES
- 2. What is program Monitoring & evaluation MONITORING It is the routine process of data collection and measurement of progress toward program objectives. EVALUATION It is the use of social research methods to systematically investigate a achievement of a program results.
- 4. MONITORING : The word “monitor” is derived from the Latin word meaning to warn. It is an integral part of management. It is a device through which problems can be identified and solved as well as progress can be assessed.
- 5. As it involves : 1. Collecting data (facts, observation and measurement) and documenting them. 2. Analyzing and drawing conclusions (interpretation) 3. Making recommendations (judgement) and taking corrective action Steps involved in Monitoring:-
- 6. Types of Monitoring:- 1. Monitoring of activities: it compares time planned for and finally required to carry out an activity. 2. Monitoring of results: Progress is assessed by comparing an initial situation with the current situation.
- 7. 3. Monitoring of impact : it does on project effectiveness a) Project effectiveness (“doing the right things”) and beyond, i.e. the positive and intended impacts. b) The side effects c) The negative impacts d) The long-term period of observation i.e. there may be a considerable time gap between the achievements of the results and the emergence of benefit and impacts. It give a good indication of whether the project is on right track or not.
- 9. EVALUATION The word evaluation derived from a latin word “valare” means strength. To evaluate means to appraise or to as certain the value of something. PROGRAM EVALUATION is the process of jugding the worth or value of a program. The judgement is formed by comparing evidence as to what the program is with criteria as to what the program should be. ( steele). Measuring performance against a predetermind goal. (L.moss). The evaluation is taking result of measurement and comparing it against standards to see if it is good ,bad or indifferent.
- 10. OBJECTIVES OF EVALUATION:- 1. Evaluation helps in understanding and study of factors which make for success or failure. 2. To make clear the purpose of program, evaluation compels classification of purpose for activity. 3. To examine strong and weak points of the program and guard against considering all details as equally important.
- 11. 4. To help workers determine how far their plans have progressed and to what extent the objective have been achieved, so that they make gain psychological satisfaction, confidence and security. 5. To compare the value of achievements of the program with cost incurred.
- 13. CHARACTERISTICS OF EVALUATION:- 1. VALIDITY 2. RELIABILITY 3. OBJECTIVITY 4. PRACTICABILITY 5. SIMPLICITY
- 14. 1. VALIDITY- Refers to the extent to which the result of evaluation procedure serve the particular validity for which they are intended. 2. RELIABILITY- Refers to consistency of measurement, the problem or evaluation procedures and their results unless the details of evaluation and procedure and of program being evaluated and recorded. 3. OBJECTIVITY- Refers to the degree to which the process of measurement is free from biasness. 4. PRACTICABILITY- Refers to the degree to which the evaluation procedure are convenient to use and understand by the users. 5. SIMPLICITY- Refers to extent to which the entire process of evaluation facilitates the user for which the purpose of evaluation intended to.
- 15. TYPES OF EVALUATION- FORMATIVE EVALUATION which gathers information for development of an effective extension program. SUBMMATIVE EVALUATION which tries to measure the end results of a program in order to decide whether or not it should be continued, expanded or diminished.
- 16. CONCLUSION In the present day of globalisation and economisation the feasibility of any program further educational, technological or any other area to be assessed for its relevance in the social system. Thats why monitoring and evaluation are taken into account in extension research point of view.