to be a good ,"when you are down to nothing , remember that you really do have the power to make something out of nothing."

1. INTAKE AND PIPE.
-LOBSANG
JAMPA
AR/15/1112

2. INTAKE :
the main function of the intakes works is to collect the water
from the surface sources ( with limitations if the water levels )
and then discharge water so collected by means of pumps or
directly to the water treatment plants.

3. SELECTION OF INTAKE:
1. Quality of water.
2. no heavy current of water .
3. draw sufficient quantity of water (worse condition)
4. easily approachable.
5. sufficient scope for feature.
6. not located in navigation channels.
7. near to the treatment works.
8. not located near sewage disposal point.
9. sufficient quantity for feature.

4. TYPES OF INTAKE:
1. LAKE INTAKE .
2. RIVER INTAKE .
3. RESERVOIR INTAKE.
4. CANAL INTAKE.

5. 1.LAKE INTAKE:
for obtaining water from lakes mostly submersible intakes
are used.

6. RIVER INTAKE: The difference between dry and wet intake are …
in wet intake tower the water enters first in the outer shell
And then it enters in the inner shell but in case id
dry intake The water directly enters the
withdrawal conduit .

7. RESERVOIR INTAKE:
There is large variation in discharge of all the
rivers during monsoon and summer.
The discharge if some rivers in summer
Remains sufficient to meet the hot weather demand.

8. CANAL INTAKE:
As the water level in the canals
remains more or less constant,
there is no necessity of providing
providing portion at various levels.
• canal intake is very simple structure
constructed the bank.

9. OPPEN CHANNELS: AQUEDUCTS:
* These are occasionally used to convey
Water from the source to the treatment
plant.
* These can be easily and cheaply
constructed by cutting in high grounds
cheap construction.
• Aqueducts is name given to the closed
conduit constructed with masonry and
used for conveying water from source
to the treatment plant or point of
distribution.

10. PIPE: A TUBE USE TO CONVEY WATER , GAS ,
OIL AND OTHER FLUID SUBSTANCES.
SELECTION OF MATERIAL FOR PIPE :
* Carrying capacity of pipe.
• Durability and life of the pipes.
• type of water to be conveyed and its
corrosive effect in the pipe material.
• availability of funds.
• maintenance cost , repair etc.

11. TYPES OF PIPES:
1.Cast iron pipe.
2. wrought iron pipe.
3. steel pipes.
4. concrete pipes.
5. cement lined cast iron pipe.
6. asbestos cement pipes.
7. copper and lead pipes.
8. wooden pipes.
9. vitrified clay pipes.

12. CAST IRON PIPE
# its use for all types of plumbing installation.
# was proven good and durable material for house
sewer, house drain ,soil , waste and vent pipe on
various type of building.
# was limited by the code to less than 25-storey
high building where construction vibration
is present .

13. # vibration loosen the lead calk joint b/w
the pipes causing un wanted swg and
water leak.
# affected to some extent by
corrosion due to chemical
action in the system that is
impossible to control.

14. PLUMBING DESIGN AND ESTIMATE.
# COST – associated with the kind of pipe to be use.
# thus , its important to know the specific use of each type.
1. STANDARD PIPE – use for a well-fitted hub and spigot connections.
2. SINGLE HUB – recommended when the length of a pipe needed
more than 150cm ,where in cut is not necessary.
3. DOUBLE HUB – preffered when a piece of pipe needed is short then 150 cm long
when the pipe is cut , both ends has hub to serve as joint connection
4. HUBLESS PIPE - use in lieu of the single hub to do away with caulking of joints.
its cheaper and easily connected using a neoprene rubber sleeves.

15. CUTTING AND CONNECTING PIPE
The procedure in cutting cast iron pipes are the following.
1. A chalk marks is drawing around the pipe .
2. The pipe is laid on sand .
3. With the use of hammer and cold chisel, the scored line around
the pipe struck gently at first around , then continue striking
harder all around , until the pipe is cut or part off.

16. CALKING JOINTS.
# CALKING JOINTS OF CAST IRON PIPE IS DONE THROUGH THE FOLLOWING STEPS:
1. Make sure that the pipe to be joined are perfectly aligned with spigot centered
inside the bell.
2. Wrap the oakom around the spigot neck filling the space around the inner hub.
with the use of a yarning iron., drive the oakom into the bottom of the hub, then
compress firmly to make a solid bed providing 20 to 25 mn clearance from the top
of the bell.
3. After packing , the joint is sealed with lead monolithically poured around the inner hub
at about 3mm above the bell. Then packing against the hub by the calking iron
tamping it firmly to make a water tight seal.

17. GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE:
# is somewhat difficult because of its rigidity and the threading
processes involved, plus the joining operation.
# face to face method is applied conveniently in measuring the
length for a connection.
# however . Allowance for the thread that will enter into the
fitting should be provided.
• INVOLVE THE FF.CONSIDERATION:
• 1. DIRECT CONNECTION.
• 2.MEASURING AND CUTTING.
• 3.THREADING OPERATIONS.

18. DIRECT CONNECYION;
# the manner of planning the layout and rerouting the pipe
to reach the point of service.
# all pipeline should be installed as short and direct as possible.
# number of fitting and pipe cutting plus the threading works –
be required to the minimum required if the plumbing
layout was planned carefully.

19. MEASURING AND CUTTTING :
# errors are committing in the measuring and cutting the pipe.
# may mean addition pipes and fitting , cost of labour , and the
risk of water leakage.
# face to face method of measuring and cutting of pipe connection
is considered the most reliable.

20. BASIC RULES GOVERNMENT TH THEATING OPERATION:
# never hold threaded parts with a wrench.
It will surely damage the thread
# put two nuts on the, lock tightly and
continue the threading operaton.
# during the process of threading , apply motor
oil regulation to protect both the threader
and the thread of the pipe.

21. # to ensure tight and rigid connection, the threads should
be slightly tapered so that the turning of the fitting
will be harder the deeper you screwed.
# providing the threaded portion of the pipe
with a Teflon tape in a clockwise
direction before turning the fitting joint
to obtain a water-sealed connection.

22. DETERMINING THE G.I PIPE DIMETER;
# the size of galvanizing iron pipe is the diameter
of its hole not the outside diameter.
# in the absent of a measuring caliper , the insided
dimeter of a pipe can be known by measuring the
outside circumference of pipe with a string.

23. COPPER PIPE;
CLASSFICATION INTO TWO TYPES;
1.Rigid type :
2. Flexiable type:

24. SOLID COPPER PIPE JOINTS;
1. Clean thoroughly both ends of the pipe to a bright finish including
the inside of the fitting with emery clothe or fine sand paper.
2. Apply a tin coat of non-corrosive flux or soldering paste to all cleaned
surface of the pipe and fitting.
3. Place the fitting up to the hub and rotate for several times until the flux
is evenly spread.

27. Thank you…