Types of pipe materials Water meters Pipe fittings It's limitations and uses

1. STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE (SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN AT FCT WATER BOARD ABUJA
SUPERVISED BY: MR. NURUDEEN
SUBMITTED TO:
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY MINNA
MARCH, 2024
DELIVERED BY
OCHE BENEDIT PRAISE
2018/1/72743PL

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
BASICS ON WATER PUMPING AND DISTRIBUTION
PIPELINE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
TYPE OF PIPE MATERIAL
TYPE OF VALVES FOR WATER FLOW CONTROL AND ESTIMATION
TYPE OF WATER METER
TYPE OF PIPE FITTINGS
TYPES OF PIPE CUTTING AND ASSEMBLING TOOLS
CONCLUSION
APPRECIATION

3. BASICS ON WATER PUMPING AND
DISTRIBUTION
• To know basics on pumping and types of pumps for water supply
• To know basics on pipelines distribution networks
• To know basics on types of pipe materials, pipe fitting, joining and
• Laying of pipelines (with major focus on sub-mains/branch pipes)

4. WATER PUMP
Figure 1: Electrical System Integrity for Portable Water (helioselectric.net, 2020.)

5. FCT WATER BOARD
Figure 2: Some part of the FCT Water Board (www.fctwb.gov.ng, 2020.)

6. WATER GENERATING AND TRANSMISSION
Figure 3: 3% of Abuja Original Inhabitants get Water Board (www.fctwb.gov.ng, 2020.)

7. PIPELINE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
• Pipeline distribution networks are aimed at design of suitable routes for piping.
• Different types of networks are adopted looking to the pressure requirement,
operation and maintenance (O&M) strategy adopted, cost parameter and overall
length of distribution system.
• Dead end distribution system
• Grid Iron System is laid. Here, total length of pipeline required is high, but this helps
in such system; main, submain and branch pipes are interconnected to each other.
• Ring System
• Radial System
• Shallow offshore

8. PIPELINE
Figure 6: 700 mm GI Pipes from Usman Dam to the Reservoir

9. WATER TANKER
Figure 8: Filling Water Tank for Local distribution

10. TYPE OF PIPE MATERIAL
Various types of pipes are used for water supply system including
metallic and non-metallic pipes. Most common types of pipes used
for water supply system are:
• Galvanized Iron Pipes – metal pipe
• Mild Steel Pipes metal pipe
• Poly Vinyl Chloride pipes - non- metal pipe
• High Density Poly Ethylene Pipes - non metal pipe
• Ductile Iron Pipes

11. MILD STEEL PIPES
Figure 9: 300 mm for water supply and cut lengths of 4 - 7 m

12. GALVANISED IRON (GI) PIPES
Figure 10: 700 mm for water supply and cut lengths of 4 - 7 m

13. POLY VINYL CHLORIDE (PVC
PLASTICIZED) PIPES
Figure 10: PVC pipes weigh only 1/5th of steel pipes of same diameter.

14. TYPE OF VALVES FOR WATER FLOW
CONTROL AND ESTIMATION
Valves are used for control of water flow in pipeline and cleaning of
pipes.
• Sluice Valve
• Air Valve
• Water Meters
• Flow Meters

15. TYPE OF WATER METER
These are devices installed on pipes to measure quantity of water
flowing in particular area. There are three types.
• Convectional Water Meter
• Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
• Prepaid Water Meter

16. CONVECTIONAL WATER METER
Figure 8: Convectional Water Meter

17. AUTOMATIC METER READING
(AMR)
Figure 8: Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)

18. PREPAID WATER METER
Figure 8: Prepaid Water Meter

19. TYPE OF PIPE FITTINGS
Pipe fitting are important component of pipelines as they connect pipes
and control pipe leakages. Various pipe fitting are used for distribution
piping system:
• Socket or coupling
• Elbow
• Tee
• Union
• Reducer
• Nipple
• Plug

20. COUPLING
Figure 8: Coupling

21. ELBOW
Figure 8: Elbow

22. TEE
Figure 8: Tee

23. UNION
Figure 8: Union

24. REDUCER
Figure 8: Reducer

25. REDUCER
Figure 8: Reducer for heavy Metals

26. NIPPLE
Figure 8: Nipple

27. PLUG
Figure 8: Plug

28. TYPES OF PIPE CUTTING AND
ASSEMBLING TOOLS
For pipe sizes greated than 25 mm, powered tools are used. And for pipe sizes
below 25 mm following tools are used:
• Pipe Vice
• Pipe Wrench
• Chain Wrench
• Pipe Cutter
• Hack Saw with Blades
• Pipe Reamer
• Pipe Bending Machine
• Spanner
• Chisel and Hammer
• Pipe Threading Die Set

29. PIPE CUTTER
Figure 8: Pipe cutter

30. PIPE VICE
Figure 8: Pipe Vice

31. PIPE WRENCH
Figure 8: Pipe Wrench

32. CHISEL AND HAMMER
Figure 8:Chisel and Hammer

33. SPANNER
Figure 8:Spanner

34. CONCLUSION
Water Supply and Distribution is a very important sector in the
country for supplying portable water for both domestic and
industrial use. Hence, the various type of water meter and pipe
materials are essential for water supply and distribution to local
communities and industries that facilitates and boast the country’s
economy. These types of pipe materials and meters have also
been highlighted both its challenges and its importance.
Finally, the effective use of meters must be acknowledged for the
effective distribution of water in the local communities and both
for industries as well.

35. •Thanks for Your
Attention