This course provides students with the necessary skills to administer Linux systems. The course objectives include understanding Linux architecture, configuring Linux, writing scripts, managing user accounts and authentication, performing backups and restores, and more. Students will be assessed through quizzes, assignments, exams, and lab work. The course covers topics such as installing Linux, user account management, the command line, configuration management, system services, virtual environments, security policies, and networking.
Shell: A Command-Line Interpretor that connects a user to Operating System and allows to execute the commands or by creating text script.
Process: Any task that a user run in the system is called a process. A process is little more complex than just a task.
File: It resides on hard disk (hdd) and contains data owned by a user.
X-windows aka windows: A mode of Linux where screen (monitor) can be split in small “parts” called windows, that allow a user to do several things at the same time and/or switch from one task to another easily and view graphics in a nice way.
Text terminal: A monitor that has only the capability of displaying text stuff, no graphics or a very basic graphics display.
Session: Time between logging on and logging out of the system.
What is Virtualization and its types & Techniques.What is hypervisor and its ...Shashi soni
This PPT contains Following Topics-
1.what is virtualization?
2.Examples of virtualization.
3.Techniques of virtualization.
4.Types of virtualization.
5.What is Hipervisor.
6.Types of Hypervisor with Diagrams.
Some set of examples are there like Virtual Box with demo image.
Computer Software,Types of Software,Software Development Steps,SDLC,Internet Evolution,Basic Internet Terminology,Computer Network,Types of Computer Network,
Computer Network topology
Shell: A Command-Line Interpretor that connects a user to Operating System and allows to execute the commands or by creating text script.
Process: Any task that a user run in the system is called a process. A process is little more complex than just a task.
File: It resides on hard disk (hdd) and contains data owned by a user.
X-windows aka windows: A mode of Linux where screen (monitor) can be split in small “parts” called windows, that allow a user to do several things at the same time and/or switch from one task to another easily and view graphics in a nice way.
Text terminal: A monitor that has only the capability of displaying text stuff, no graphics or a very basic graphics display.
Session: Time between logging on and logging out of the system.
What is Virtualization and its types & Techniques.What is hypervisor and its ...Shashi soni
This PPT contains Following Topics-
1.what is virtualization?
2.Examples of virtualization.
3.Techniques of virtualization.
4.Types of virtualization.
5.What is Hipervisor.
6.Types of Hypervisor with Diagrams.
Some set of examples are there like Virtual Box with demo image.
Computer Software,Types of Software,Software Development Steps,SDLC,Internet Evolution,Basic Internet Terminology,Computer Network,Types of Computer Network,
Computer Network topology
system software is a set of programs that enables a computer to perform routine tasks. types of system software are operating system & utility programs.
Slide Pengantar Teknologi Informasi - Software
Objectives:
Students are able to explain software and hardware function.
Distinguish between operating systems and applications software
List the various methods by which individuals and businesses acquire software
List and briefly describe various types of task-oriented software
Identify the kinds of software available for both large and small businesses
Discuss ethical issues associated with software
overview of system programming. level of system software.software hierarchy and
life cycle of source program. system software development and trends of system software.
Computer hardware is useless without software.
Software is the set of instructions and associated data that direct the computer to do a task.
Software can be divided into two categories:
System software and application software.
System software helps the computer to carry out its basic operating tasks.
Application software helps the user carry out a variety of tasks.
Unit 6 Operating System TEIT Savitribai Phule Pune University by Tushar B KuteTushar B Kute
Recent And Future Trends In Os
Linux Kernel Module Programming, Embedded Operating Systems: Characteristics of Embedded Systems, Embedded Linux, and Application specific OS. Basic services of NACH Operating System.
Introduction to Service Oriented Operating System (SOOS), Introduction to Ubuntu EDGE OS.
Designed By : Tushar B Kute (http://tusharkute.com)
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. Course Objectives
1. Course Description
This course provides the necessary knowledge and skills permitting to perform the
basic operations related to the administration of Linux operating system. This course
covers how to administer, configure and upgrade Linux systems. It also covers how to
use state-of-the art system administration techniques in real-life scenarios via
practical labs.
2. Course Main Objective
• Understanding the main components of Linux architecture.
• Develop skills of configuring Linux
• Develop skills of writing Linux scripts.
• Develop skills of setting up user accounts and implementing authentication
policies.
• Develop skills of performing important OS operations (backup, restore, audit).
3. Assessment Strategy
Assessment through the course will be via:
1. Lecture quizzes.
2. Assignments (Sheets , Reports or Lab. Activities).
3. Mid-Term Exams.
4. Final Exam.
4. Assessment Strategy
# Assessment task Week Due Percentage of Total Assessment Sore
1 First Exam Week 5 20
2 Second Exam Week 10 20
3 Final Exam Week 13 40
4 Lab. Exam/ Lab
report
Every week 10 %
5 Participation and
discussion
Every week 5%
6 Group/individual
project
1/semester 5%
5. Course Content
No List of Topics
1 Installing Linux operating system
2
User account management: access settings, password policies,
Documentation methods, group policies
3 Command line interfaces
4 Configuration management
5 Updates and corrections
6 Records and audit of events
7 System services management
8 Virtual environments
9 Prepare backups and restore data
10 File System Security
11 Network Settings
12 Host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS)
13 developing security policies
8. What is an Operating System?
A program that acts as an intermediary between a
user of a computer and the computer hardware.
Operating system goals:
Execute user programs and make solving user problems
easier.
Make the computer system convenient to use.
Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
Operating systems are an essential part of any
computer system and any computer science
education.
9. Computer Organization
1
2
consists of the physical
components inside a computer.
Hardware
Every computer has two fundamental types
of components:
The sets of instructions or
programs that allow the hardware
components to manipulate data
(or files).
Software
10. Physical memory (RAM)
stores information needed by the processor.
Processor
(the central processing unit
or CPU), which computes
information.
Storage
Hard disk and solid-state disk drives.
CD/DVD drives.
Flash memory card readers.
I/O Devices
Hardware
11. These programs are loaded into parts of
your computer hardware (RAM and CPU) .
A program is a file stored on your
computer.
A process is that file in execution.
12. B
A
Applications
• such as word such as
word such as word
processors, computer
games and graphical
manipulation
Operating
system(OS) consists of
a set of software
components that control
the hardware of your
computer.
Types of programs
13. OS user and System view
To understand more fully the operating
system’s role, we next explore operating
systems from two viewpoints:
The user view
The system view.
14. OS user view
The user’s view of the computer varies according to the
interface being used:
Ease of use, with some
attention paid to
performance and none paid
to resource utilization
maximize resource
utilization— to assure
that all available CPU
time, memory, and I/O
are used efficiently and.
compromise between
individual usability and
resource utilization.
15. OS System view
From the computer’s point of view, the operating system is
the program most intimately involved with the hardware. In
this context, we can view an operating system as a resource
allocator.
A slightly different view of an operating system emphasizes
the need to control the various I/O devices and user
programs.
An operating system is a control program. A control
program manages the execution of user programs to
prevent errors and improper use of the computer. It is
especially concerned with the operation and control of
I/O devices.
16. Operating System Definition
OS is a resource allocator
Manages all resources.
Decides between conflicting requests for
efficient and fair resource use.
OS is a control program
Controls execution of programs to prevent
errors and improper use of the computer
“The one program running at all times on the computer” is the
kernel. Everything else is either a system program (ships with the
operating system) or an application program
17. Operating System Definition (cont.)
The operating system is the one program running
at all times on the computer—usually called the
kernel.
Along with the kernel, there are two other types
of programs:
system programs, which are associated with the
operating system but are not necessarily part of the
kernel.
Application programs, which include all programs not
associated with the operation of the system.)
20. The Linux Operating System
• An operating system you use to run applications on a variety of
hardware.
• From within the interface, you can execute commands that tell the
operating system and other applications to perform specific tasks.
• The operating system then uses the computer hardware to
perform the tasks required by the applications.
• Linux can manage thousands of tasks at the same time, including
allowing
• Multiple users to access the system simultaneously.
• Hence, Linux is referred to as a multiuser and multitasking
operating system.
21. Linux is open source.
Linux is released under the GNU
General Public License (GPL).
Linux has a better community support.
Linux is secure and
virus free.
Linux is growing in the home users sector and the
dominant of the professional and servers sector.
Internet service providers (ISPs), e-commerce
sites, and other commercial applications all use
Linux today and continue to increase their
commitment to Linux.
The Linux Operating System
22. • The core component of the Linux operating system is
called the Linux kernel.
• The Linux kernel and supporting software (called
function libraries) are written almost entirely in the C
programming language
• You might sometimes need to upgrade the kernel after
installing Linux to take advantage of new technologies
or to fix problems (also known as bugs) related to your
computer’s hardware.
Versions of The Linux Operating System
23. Types of Linux
kernel
not fully tested and imply instability
Developmental kernels
Tested by several Linux developers and are declared
stable.
Production kernels
24. Linux kernel versions are made up of the following three
components:
• Major number
• Minor number
• Revision number
4 . 17 . 6
The major version of the Linux
kernel.
The minor revision of the Linux kernel.
As new features are added to the Linux kernel over
time, the minor number is incremented.
Revision number indicating the most current
changes to the version of the particular
kernel that is being released
25. Most developmental kernels append the minor number with the
letters -rc (release candidate) followed by a number that
represents the version of the developmental kernel
Developmental kernel is the third release candidate for the 4.18 kernel
4 . 18 . -rc3
When choosing a kernel for a mission-critical computer such as a
server, ensure that you choose a production kernel. This reduces
the chance that you will encounter a bug in the kernel, which
saves you the time needed to change kernels.
28. Linux adheres to the GNU General Public License (GPL), which was
developed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
The GPL stated that the source code of any software published under
its license must be freely available. If someone modifies that source
code, that person must also redistribute that source code freely,
thereby keeping the source code free forever.
Another type of open source license is the artistic license, which
ensures that the source code of the program is freely available yet
allows the original author of the source code some control over the
changes made to it.
29. Closed source software can be distributed for free or for a cost;
either way, the source code for the software is unavailable from the
original developers. The majority of closed source software is sold
commercially and bears the label of its manufacturer.
Another type of closed source software is freeware, in which the
software program is distributed free of charge, yet the source code is
unavailable. Freeware might also contain licenses that restrict the
distribution of source code.
Another approach to this style of closed source licensing is
shareware, which is distributed free of charge, yet after a certain
number of hours of usage or to gain certain features of the program,
payment is required.
30. 1
Linux is freely developed and continuously improved
by a large community of software developers.
2
For this reason, it is referred to as Open Source
Software (OSS).
3
Source code refers to the list of instructions that a
software developer writes to make up a program.
31. 1- Risk reduction: Collaborative open-source development
results in constant software improvement.
2- Meeting business needs: Linux provides support for most
programming languages.
3- Stability: collaboration among several developers with a
common need are created quickly.
4- Security: Linux source code is freely available and publicly
inspected,
5- Ease of customization: Only software packages necessary
to perform certain tasks need to be installed.
6- Cost reduction: Linux is less expensive than other operating
systems
33. Multics was developed in the 1963-1969 period through
the collaboration of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT), General Electric, and Bell Labs.
Unix first version created in Bell Labs in 1969.
Unix flavors:
IBM->AIX
Hewlett-Packard->HP/UX
Sun-> Solaris
Silicon Graphics->IRIX
Operate in a same manner.
Offer the same standard utilities and commands.
34. In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project
with the goal of creating a free UNIX-like operating
system.
GNU General Public License (GPL).
Free Software Foundation (FSF).
In 1991, Linus Torvalds created Linux kernel.
In 1992, Linux and GNU developers worked to
integrate GNU components with Linux to make a fully
functional and free operating system.
35. A distribution of Linux containing:
The Linux kernel.
Common function libraries.
A series of OSS packages.
Some Linux distributions include:
Many server-related tools.
Numerous workstation and development software
applications.
A complete set of open source tools that you can use
to customize a Linux system to perform specific
functions.
36.
37.
38. Kernel
Shell
Terminal
• The core of the OS.
• Contains components like device drivers.
• It loads into RAM when the machine boots
and stays
• Provides an interface by which the user can
communicate with the kernel.
• “bash” is the most commonly used shell on
Linux.
Gives the shell a place to accept typed
commands and to display their results.