This document discusses language acquisition and learning. It notes that acquisition refers to the unconscious and natural process of picking up a language through exposure and use. Learning refers to the formal study of a language including learning rules. It also discusses differences between first, second, and foreign language learning. First language learning occurs naturally as a child, while second language learning can be influenced by the first language through things like pronunciation patterns transferring over. Younger learners are often believed to learn a new language more easily than older learners, though some studies have challenged this critical period hypothesis. The document examines how the first language can influence second language acquisition, such as relying on reliable word order patterns from the first language. Contrastive