Fluid dynamics, actually is the study of fluid under motion, governed with a certain set of conservation equations, wherein things are conserved, with reference to mass, momentum & energy.
If these three quantities i.e. mass, momentum & energy are solved entirely we can define any fluid flow. The conservation laws are formulated in the form of equations which we try to solve and that’s what simulation is all about. For my blogs kindly visit: https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
How CFD can help gain the most efficient data centre designsmattkeysource
Using the most powerful 3-D software available; computational fluid dynamics models the airflow within your data centre. It provides a graphic analysis of how hot and cool air flows, and Keysource use this tool as it is essential to gain the most efficient data centre designs.
How CFD can help gain the most efficient data centre designsmattkeysource
Using the most powerful 3-D software available; computational fluid dynamics models the airflow within your data centre. It provides a graphic analysis of how hot and cool air flows, and Keysource use this tool as it is essential to gain the most efficient data centre designs.
The Powerpoint presentation discusses about the Introduction to CFD and its Applications in various fields as an Introductory topic for Mechanical Engg. Students in General.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool to simulate, analyze, and optimize designs. The leading CFD providers will discuss software features and functionality such as flow features and benefits, solver technology, as well as describe an example of CFD use in the real world.
The presentation gives glances of the importance of CFD analysis in engineering design with an illustration/ case study. For more details, follow the webinar "Role of CFD in Engineering Design" on https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
The presentation was made at the "Business Meet on Applications of solar drying systems in domestic, industrial and commercial applications", SPRERI, Anand, India.
It presents the advantages of CFD as a design tool to design better solar drying systems.
For my blogs kindly refer: https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
This presentation gives a brief introduction to the concept of coupled CFD-DEM Modeling.
Link to file: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1nO2n49BwhzBtT6NnvpxADG5WsC9uMJ-i
Summer Training 2015 at Alternate Hydro Energy CenterKhusro Kamaluddin
This is the presentation i gave to "Defend" my Summer Training at AHEC IIT Roorkee During Summer 2015. I gave this presentation in my college during my final year. Indeed the most lengthy i ever gave .
Computational fluid dynamics in water waste treatment plantscm_teixeira
A CFD model can simulate the hydrodynamics of a design before implementation:
- Reducing lead-up times and costs
- Ultimately lead to optimization of reactor configuration
The Powerpoint presentation discusses about the Introduction to CFD and its Applications in various fields as an Introductory topic for Mechanical Engg. Students in General.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool to simulate, analyze, and optimize designs. The leading CFD providers will discuss software features and functionality such as flow features and benefits, solver technology, as well as describe an example of CFD use in the real world.
The presentation gives glances of the importance of CFD analysis in engineering design with an illustration/ case study. For more details, follow the webinar "Role of CFD in Engineering Design" on https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
The presentation was made at the "Business Meet on Applications of solar drying systems in domestic, industrial and commercial applications", SPRERI, Anand, India.
It presents the advantages of CFD as a design tool to design better solar drying systems.
For my blogs kindly refer: https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
This presentation gives a brief introduction to the concept of coupled CFD-DEM Modeling.
Link to file: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1nO2n49BwhzBtT6NnvpxADG5WsC9uMJ-i
Summer Training 2015 at Alternate Hydro Energy CenterKhusro Kamaluddin
This is the presentation i gave to "Defend" my Summer Training at AHEC IIT Roorkee During Summer 2015. I gave this presentation in my college during my final year. Indeed the most lengthy i ever gave .
Computational fluid dynamics in water waste treatment plantscm_teixeira
A CFD model can simulate the hydrodynamics of a design before implementation:
- Reducing lead-up times and costs
- Ultimately lead to optimization of reactor configuration
Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano FluidsIJERA Editor
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way.
Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano FluidsIJERA Editor
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Natural Convection of Converge...IJERA Editor
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out for the convergent-divergent fins arranged inline and staggered on the base plate as per the experimental setup provided in the technical paper [1]. This paper reports on the validation of results of modeling and simulation in CFD. The simulation was carried out using the ANSYS 12.0 as the CFD modeling software. The main objective of the CFD analysis was to calculate the temperature distribution on the surface of the base plate and surface of the convergent-divergent fins for the given inline and staggered arrangement of fins due to the effect of natural convection heat transfer for different heat power inputs, and also to compare the CFD results with the experimental results.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS TO OPTIMIZE THE HEAT TRANSFER RATE OF TUBE-IN-TUBE HELICAL...Netha Jashuva
Heat exchanger is a device which is used to transfer heat between two fluids which may be in direct contact or may flow separately in two tubes or channels. We find numerous applications of heat exchangers in day today life. For example condensers and evaporators used in refrigerators and air conditioners. In thermal power plant heat exchangers are used in boilers, condensers, air coolers and chilling towers etc. Similarly the heat exchangers used in automobile industries are in the form of radiators and oil coolers in engines. Heat exchangers are also used in large scale in chemical and process industries for transferring the heat between two fluids which are at a single or two states. Main aim of our project is to maximize the heat transfer rate with minimum power loss. We know that with increase in Reynolds number Nusselt number increases hence the heat transfer coefficient. But with increase in Reynolds number pumping power also increases but increase in power requirement is more compared to increases in heat transfer coefficient. So there exist a particular Reynolds number or (Dean Number) for which both the curve intersects, which is the optimum point for that particular (D/d) condition.
In the framework of mathematical morphology, watershed transform (WT) represents a key step in image segmentation procedure. In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of some existing watershed approaches in the discrete case: WT based on flooding, WT based on path-cost minimization, watershed based on topology preservation, WT based on local condition and WT based on minimum spanning forest. For each approach, we present detailed description of processing procedure followed by mathematical foundations and algorithm of reference. Recent publications based on some approaches are also presented and discussed. Our study concludes with a classification of different watershed transform algorithms according to solution uniqueness, topology preservation, prerequisites minima computing and linearity.
Evaluation of Modelling of Flow in Fracturesidescitation
Heat-transport is important for geothermal exploration. The presence of
fractures can have a pronounced effect on groundwater and heat transfer.The inclusion of
fractures into geothermal reservoir models on different scales is often still a difficult task. A
comparison of approaches for flow in fractures has been carried out. A very simple
approach is to simulate fractures with thin but highly conductive layers, for instance by
applying the Cubic-Law. A more sophisticated approach, typically in FEM codes, is the
application of lower dimensional (1D/2D) high permeable discrete elements with specific
flow properties, following e.g. Hagen-Poiseuille or Manning-Strickler. However, such an
approach typically fails while studying only partly saturated fractures. For studying the
applicability of simplified fracture modellingapproaches a comparison with a CFD
(Computational Fluid Dynamics) solution was performed. Furthermore a DEM (Discrete
Element Method)approach has been illuminated. The various methodologies are studied by
varying roughnesses,this way studying the versatility of the approach. The sensitivity of
flow in fractures to various numerical parameters can be studied this way. A detailed
analysis of temperature and flow using Péclet and Reynolds numbers helps to quantify the
contributions of the different transfer processes.
There are different definitions of law given by various jurists. Some of the important definitions of law are as follows:
The ancient Greek Philosopher Aristotle defined law 'as an embodiment of reasons whether in individual or the community'.
British philosopher Jereny Benthan defined the as 'A collection of signs declarative of a volition conceived or adopted by the sovereign'
HONG KONG INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND REC...iMentor Education
Each Party to this Convention undertakes to give full and complete effect to its provisions in order to prevent, reduce, minimize and, to the extent practicable, eliminate accidents, injuries and other adverse effects on human health and the environment caused by Ship Recycling, and enhance ship safety, protection of human health and the environment throughout a ship’s operating life.
Many Centuries ago, Christians came to India and settled in this country when East India Company assumed ruling power in India and established its own courts. With the establishment of the Supreme Courts, the Common Law of England was made applicable to India on many subjects including marriage and divorce among the Christian community, on the ground that it
was based on the principle of equity, justice and good conscience.
Whereas it is expedient to require employers in industrial establishments to define with sufficient precision the conditions of employment under them and to make the said conditions known to workmen employed by them.
1. Short title, extent and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the Specific Relief Act, 1963.
(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
(3) It shall come into force on such date 1 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
Prior to the year 1947, industrial disputes were being settled under the provisions of the Trade Disputes Act, 1929. Experience of the working of the 1929 Act revealed various defects which needed to be overcome by a fresh legislation. Accordingly the Industrial Disputes Bill was introduced in the Legislature. The Bill was referred to the select committee. On the
recommendations of the Select Committee amendments were made in the original Bill.
THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860
ACT NO. 45 OF 1860 [6th October, 1860.]
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Preamble.-WHEREAS it is expedient to provide a general Penal Code for [India]; It is enacted as follows:
1. Title and extent of operation of the Code.
1. Title and extent of operation of the Code.--This Act shall be
called the Indian Penal Code, and shall 3* [extend to the whole of India 4* [except the State of Jammu and Kashmir].
Hey friends, here is a simple trick to find the summation of consecutive odd numbers starting from 1 in a second. This simple trick can be very useful for various competitive exams saving great time with accuracy. I hope this is useful for you :)
NCERT Grade 9 Chapter 12, Heron’s Formula.
Heron was born in about 10AD possibly in Alexandria
in Egypt. He worked in applied mathematics. His works
on mathematical and physical subjects are so numerous
and varied that he is considered to be an encyclopedic
writer in these fields. His geometrical works deal largely
with problems on mensuration written in three books.
Book I deals with the area of squares, rectangles,
triangles, trapezoids (trapezia), various other specialised
quadrilaterals, the regular polygons, circles, surfaces of
cylinders, cones, spheres etc. In this book, Heron has
derived the famous formula for the area of a triangle in
terms of its three sides
Spontaneous imbibition has long been known to have significant role in recovering oil from low permeability fractured reservoirs. Though the fundamental theory of capillarity is known for about a century by the works of Hagen Poiseuille and then by Lucas and Washburn they do not entirely describe the phenomena. The capillary action at early times i.e. in the inertial regime and the dynamics for interacting capillaries remain unexplained. In the
present work, we report the numerical investigations using volume of fluid (VOF) model for the spontaneous imbibition in non-interacting and interacting capillaries. Capillaries with
radii 0.5 and 1 mm, length 100 mm were selected for studying the effect of non-interacting and interacting nature on the imbibition dynamics. The two interacting capillary cases were
with centre to centre distance of 1.25 and 1.485 mm. The interacting capillary model shows that if connectivity is more capillaries will behave as single capillary, but if connectivity is
less meniscus leads in smaller radii capillary. The study will help us in understanding the physics of flow in fractured reservoirs.
I have tried to explain the importance and method to write research articles/ reports for publications. If you have any query can reach to me on ganesh@cctech.co.in.
Hi All,
These are my CRE (Chemical Reaction Engineering) hand written notes when I was preparing for GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) in 2002 for Chemical Engineering. The current document forms the 6th chapter of book on CRE from Octave Levenspiel.
I plan to upload & share most of the stuff I prepared for the GATE exam. My best wishes to those preparing for GATE !
Hi All,
These are my CRE (Chemical Reaction Engineering) hand written notes when I was preparing for GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) in 2002 for Chemical Engineering. The current document forms the 5th chapter of book on CRE from Octave Levenspiel.
I plan to share most of the stuff I prepared for the GATE exam. My best wishes to those preparing for GATE !
Hi All,
These are my CRE (Chemical Reaction Engineering) hand written notes when I was preparing for GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) in 2002 for Chemical Engineering. The current document forms the 14th chapter of book on Chemical Engineering Kinetics, by J. M. Smith. I plan to share most of the stuff I prepared for the GATE exam.
My best wishes to those preparing for GATE !
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics
learncax.com /blog/2012/11/09/introduction-to-cf d-2/
Ganesh Visavale
Fluid Flow
Fluid dynamics, actually is the study of fluid under motion, governed with a certain set of conservation equations,
wherein things are conserved, with reference to mass, momentum & energy.
If these three quantities i.e. mass, momentum & energy are solved entirely we can define any fluid flow. The
conservation laws are formulated in the form of equations which we try to solve and that’s what simulation is all
about.
The aim of any fluid flow analysis is primarily two fold:
to know the effect of flow on the boundaries flow visualiz ation Examples:
1. Drag on a car
2. Heat transfer rate in heat exchangers
3. Heat sink performance
4. Pressure rise across pump
5. Temperature distribution in a room
Flow visualiz ation allows us to find the nature of flow , ie. if there is a flow separation into primary & secondary
flows, find out recirculation z ones and is any widely used in heating ventilation & air- conditioning (HVAC) studies.
Flow visualiz ation is a very important aspect wherein CFD scores over many other studies.
We had people across the centuries who had greatly contributed to fluid mechanics. Archimedes discovered the
phenomena called as buoyancy effect, on the basis of which we can now do natural convection studies, that is still a
challenging task in CFD. Newton has a great contribution in the field of mathematics & fluid mechanics and to what we
study in CFD today. Also we had people who contributed to mathematical modeling like Leibniz , Bernolloi, Euler,
Navier & Stokes about whom we shall frequently come across. In the last 2 centuries the study of fluid mechanics
had been primarily mathematical that has helped many mathematician to contribute. We had Reynolds who with his
number, the Reynolds number helped us determine whether the inertial forces will dominate the viscous forces and
cause the flow to be turbulent. Prandtl in early twentieth century with his boundary layer theory is helped in predicting
2. more accurate the drag on aerofoils, also contributed in heat transfer with the Prandtl number, i.e. a relative measure
of velocity boundary layer & thermal boundary layer. Taylor has contributed with his series expansion dealing with
numerical methods especially in finite difference method. So we had may researchers contributing to fluid mechanics
& its solutions, mathematical models & formulating the models across the centuries. We are now living in a time
wherein the software firms/ packages have exploited all this work with the advancement of computational speed.
Where is a f luid f low …?
Fluid flows encountered in everyday life include:
1. meteorological phenomena (rain, wind, hurricanes, floods, fires)
2. environmental haz ards (air pollution, transport of contaminants)
3. heating, ventilation and air conditioning of buildings, cars etc.
4. combustion in automobile engines and other propulsion systems
5. interaction of various objects with the surrounding air/water
6. complex flows in furnaces, heat exchangers, chemical reactors etc.
7. processes in human body (blood flow, breathing, drinking . . . ) and so on and so forth.
Fluid flow process occur almost everywhere in the universe, in fact its difficult to find a process that does not involve
a flow of fluid. Even if you do not find exactly a fluid flowing you would surely find heat flow existing over in the
universe. More specifically on our earth we have weather & climate changes which are very much function of fluid
flow, driven by heat transfer & pressures, of- course also assisted by the earth’s rotation revolution around the sun.
We have fluid flow and heat transfer application for as high as an aircraft, as low as in sea, in surface ships, under
the sea in submarines and locomotives.
We have the fluid flow in recreational activities as well to reduce the drag so as to increase the fuel efficiency and
the performance of cars/ bike riders & for water sports.
Overall we deal with a very beautiful phenomena of fluid dynamics !
Met hods of Solving Fluid Flow:
Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD)
Before the high speed computers of today arrived, the usual process followed by researchers were using
manual/ hand calculations with some approximations. With the made assumptions, approximations they
generally made a free body diagram of it simplifying the complex 3- D geometry into simple 1- D or 2- D
analysis and ended up doing an integration of these equations. Setting up the constraints in the form of initial
and boundary conditions to find constants of integration and ultimately getting values at discrete points, where
they could end- up having results getting plots, force variation across a plate (e.g. fig below).
where D, is the drag on the flat plate.
3. Now for the simple case as above of a flow over flat plate the AFD, might be easy to apply but not in cases of
complex problem as of a heat sink for example. However, its always not just the complex geometries but also more
often we are limited in defining the exact physics in terms of concerned mathematical equations.
We have the general transport equation given as below:
The quantity “phi” with different values represent different
equations. To solve the general transport equation on a
real geometry is a challenge and if we do not want face
this one can have another approach, with experimental
studies i.e. of experimental fluid dynamics (EFD).
Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD):
Here we have a scale down model often based on
engineering dimensional analysis, wherein we create a
prototype model, perform appropriate experiments
under conditions that would reflect exactly what would
happen in reality. Further we introduce a lot of probe points for data collection thereby introducing disturbances in
the flow itself. Also its not so always easy to make an exact prototype of the real problem and there are problems
with cost and feasibility too.
So we can see that both methods; the AFD & EFD have some limitations,
AFD with respect to complex geometries and physics capturing and EFD
with issues like time, cost & feasiblility.
That’s why we have CFD wherein we have the mathematical model i.e. the
physics clearly defined, and these physics equations that are usually the
partial differential equations, are solved through numerical methods. With the
assumptions that we can neglect some higher order terms we can use
computer to solve them we end- up having a CFD result, a result that is
numerical solution of our physics. The advantages of this are many like we
have a low cost simulation, we are able to do a lot of analysis within a short
period of time as we don’t have to actually make a physical model of our
study. With short variation in some parameters we can study the problem using the high speed computer can take
about hours or days time to obtain the results. So in brief, with CFD approach we can have a low cost solution, in
short time and a comprehensive information as compared to any other approach.
Having pointed out the advantages of CFD over the AFD and the EFD, its important to know the limitations of CFD
too. CFD results can never be 100% correct as those depend on the following things:
1. the input data may involve too much guessing or imprecision
2. the mathematical model of the problem at hand may be inadequate
4. 3. the accuracy of the results is limited by the available computing power
Also although CFD does not replace the measurements completely but the amount of experimentation and the
overall cost can be significantly reduced.
Coming up next: CFD Simulation Process
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