The Powerpoint presentation discusses about the Introduction to CFD and its Applications in various fields as an Introductory topic for Mechanical Engg. Students in General.
The Powerpoint presentation discusses about the Introduction to CFD and its Applications in various fields as an Introductory topic for Mechanical Engg. Students in General.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the simulation of fluids engineering systems using modeling [mathematical physical problem formulation) and numerical methods (discretization methods, solvers, numerical parameters, and grid generations, etc]
The presentation gives glances of the importance of CFD analysis in engineering design with an illustration/ case study. For more details, follow the webinar "Role of CFD in Engineering Design" on https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
This chapter contains:-.
Analytical Methods of two dimensional steady state heat conduction
Finite difference Method application on two dimensional steady state heat conduction.
Finite difference method on irregular shape of a system
CAE is the use of computer software to simulate performance in order to improve product designs or assist in the resolution of engineering problems for a wide of industries this includes simulation validation and optimization of products processes and manufacturing tools
A Presentation About The Introduction Of Finite Element Analysis (With Example Problem) ... (Download It To Get More Out Of It: Animations Don't Work In Preview) ... !
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the simulation of fluids engineering systems using modeling [mathematical physical problem formulation) and numerical methods (discretization methods, solvers, numerical parameters, and grid generations, etc]
The presentation gives glances of the importance of CFD analysis in engineering design with an illustration/ case study. For more details, follow the webinar "Role of CFD in Engineering Design" on https://www.learncax.com/knowledge-base/blog/by-author/ganesh-visavale
This chapter contains:-.
Analytical Methods of two dimensional steady state heat conduction
Finite difference Method application on two dimensional steady state heat conduction.
Finite difference method on irregular shape of a system
CAE is the use of computer software to simulate performance in order to improve product designs or assist in the resolution of engineering problems for a wide of industries this includes simulation validation and optimization of products processes and manufacturing tools
A Presentation About The Introduction Of Finite Element Analysis (With Example Problem) ... (Download It To Get More Out Of It: Animations Don't Work In Preview) ... !
This report is a simulation for a flow over an airfoil "NACA 0009" at Reynolds number equals 1 million for four angles of attack using three different turbulence models and of cause a grid independence solution.
The goal of this study is to apply the knowledge obtained from studying in the university and self-learning in order to solve a specific task of finding the coefficient of drag and lift for the airfoil.
A youtube video made by me explaining how to simulate a flow over an airfoil: https://goo.gl/9VYRFM
Team members:
Ahmed Kamal Shalaby
Ahmed Gaber Ahmed
Esraa Mahmoud Saleh
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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adversary training.
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2. What is CFD?
• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the science of predicting fluid
flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reactions, and related
phenomena by solving the mathematical equations which govern
these processes using a numerical process
We are interested in the forces (pressure , viscous stress etc.)
acting on surfaces (Example: In an airplane, we are interested in
the lift, drag, power, pressure distribution etc)
We would like to determine the velocity field (Example: In a
race car, we are interested in the local flow streamlines, so that
we can design for less drag)
We are interested in knowing the temperature distribution
(Example: Heat transfer in the vicinity of a computer chip)
3. Advantages
• Relatively low cost.
– CFD simulations are relatively inexpensive, and costs are
likely to decrease as computers become more powerful.
• Speed.
– CFD simulations can be executed in a short period of
time.
• Ability to simulate real conditions.
– CFD provides the ability to theoretically simulate any
physical condition.
• Comprehensive information.
– CFD allows the analyst to examine a large number of
locations in the region of interest, and yields a
comprehensive set of flow parameters for examination.
4. Limitations
• The CFD solutions can only be as accurate as the physical
models on which they are based.
• Solving equations on a computer invariably introduces
numerical errors.
– Round-off error: due to finite word size available on the
computer. Round-off errors will always exist (though they
can be small in most cases).
– Truncation error: due to approximations in the numerical
models. Truncation errors will go to zero as the grid is
refined. Mesh refinement is one way to deal with truncation
error.
• Boundary conditions.
– As with physical models, the accuracy of the CFD solution
is only as good as the initial/boundary conditions provided
to the numerical model.
5. Purpose and Aim
• Main purpose is Simulation-based design instead of “build & test”
hence saving a lot of time since it enables easy repetitions.
For example combustion explosions(unrepeatable).
• Aim is the simulation of physical fluid phenomena that are difficult for
experiments
– Full scale simulations (e.g., ships and airplanes)
– Environmental effects (wind, weather, etc.)
– Hazards (e.g., explosions, radiation, pollution)
– Physics (e.g., planetary boundary layer, stellar evolution)
6. How it works?
• Analysis begins with a mathematical model of a
physical problem.
• Conservation of matter, momentum, and energy
must be satisfied throughout the region of
interest.(Continuity, Momentum equation and
Energy equation).
• Fluid properties are modeled empirically.
• Simplifying assumptions are made in order to
make the problem tractable (e.g., steady-state,
incompressible, inviscid, two-dimensional etc.)
7. How It Works?
• Appropriate initial and boundary conditions
are provided for the problem.
• CFD applies numerical method called
discretization to develop approximations of
the governing equations of fluid mechanics in
the fluid region of interest.
• The solution is post-processed to extract
quantities of interest (e.g. lift, drag, torque,
heat transfer, separation, pressure loss, etc.).
8. Discretization
• Domain is discretized into a finite set of control volumes
or cells. The discretized domain is called the “grid” or the “mesh.”
• General conservation (transport) equations for mass, momentum,
energy, etc., are discretized into algebraic equations.
• All equations are solved to render flow field.
Fluid region of pipe flow discretized
into finite set of control volumes
(mesh).
9. Types Of Meshes
• Tri/tet vs. quad/hex meshes
• Hybrid mesh
Hybrid mesh for an IC
engine valve port
tet mesh
hex mesh
wedge mesh
10. Finite Volume Method Used In
Discretization
• The finite volume method (FVM) is a common approach used in CFD
codes, as it has an advantage in memory usage and solution speed,
especially for large problems, high Reynolds number turbulent flows,
and source term dominated flows (like combustion).
• In this method the governing partial differential equations are recast
in the conservative form and then solved over a discrete control
volumes and thus guarantees the conservation of fluxes through a
particular control volume.
• Here Q is the vector of conserved variables, F is the vector of
fluxes V is the volume of the control volume element, and A is the
surface area of the control volume element. The finite volume
equation yields governing equations in the form:
11. Finite element method
• The finite element method (FEM) is used in
structural analysis of solids, but is also
applicable to fluids.
• It is much more stable than the finite volume
approach. However, it can require more
memory and has slower solution than the
FVM.
12. Finite difference method
• The finite difference method (FDM) has
historical importance and is simple to
program.
• It is currently only used in few specialized
codes, which handle complex geometry with
high accuracy and efficiency by using
embedded boundaries or overlapping grids
(with the solution interpolated across each
grid).
14. Examples:
The first figure shows the pressure fields on the given
layout
whereas the second one shows the velocity vectors
15. Numerical Model Setup
• For a given problem, you will need to:
– Select appropriate physical models.
– Define material properties.
• Fluid.
• Solid.
• Mixture.
– Prescribe operating conditions.
– Prescribe boundary conditions at all boundary
zones.
– Set up solver controls.
– Set up convergence monitors.
16. Calculation of Coefficient of Drag over
the Dinosaur
We calculate the theoretical values for the various parameters required for
calculation of the coefficient of drag on the dinosaur:
• Drag force: 17.4 N.
• Lift force: 5.5 N.
• Wind velocity: 5 m/s.
• Air density: 1.225 kg/m3.
• The dinosaur is 3.2 m tall.
• It has a projected frontal area of A = 2.91 m2.
• The drag coefficient is:
• This is pretty good compared to the average car! The streamlined back of the
dinosaur resulted in a flow pattern with very little separation.
11.0
91.2*25*225.1*5.0
4.17
2
2
1
Av
F
C D
D
19. Applications
• Car safety thermal imaging using CFD
• Heat exchanger imaging
• Imaging of missile prototypes
20. Applications
• Electronics thermal analysis
• Designing of super duty vehicles like trucks ,
tempos etc.(based on thermal stress points)
• Thermal comfort in office environment
Editor's Notes
Dividing the geometry into a finite set of control volume is called discretization and discretized domain is called grid or mesh.
Use of grid may be different for different discretisation method depending upon the geometry and its complexity.
Meshes are generally classified in three types- structured, unstructured and hybrid- the combination of two.
Structured grids are not feasible for complex analysis so we generally use unstructured grids for the analysis of complex shapes.
Always a better mesh quality guarantees a more accurate solution.
And hexahedron is one of the most preferable one.
Eq- Navier stroke’s , mass and energy conservation equations.
For this We begin with the incompressible form of the momentum equation and then the equation is integrated over the control volume of a computational cell.