This document provides an overview of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD uses numerical analysis to solve and analyze problems involving fluid flows. It works by using mathematical models and algorithms to simulate the physics of fluid flow. The CFD process involves pre-processing like geometry creation, solving the governing equations during processing, and post-processing to understand and visualize the results. CFD has advantages like relatively low cost and speed compared to experimental testing. It can be applied to problems in electronics cooling, vehicle design, and indoor climate control. Limitations include dependence on accurate physical models and boundary conditions. Human: Thank you for the summary. Summarize the following document in 3 sentences or less: [DOCUMENT]:

1. MAHENDRA TIWARI
CSJMA14001390232
COMPUTATIONAL
FLUID DYNAMICS
1
EXPERIMENTAL
FLUID DYNAMICS
(EFD)
ANALYTICAL
FLUID DYNAMICS
(AFD)

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“A theory is something nobody believes except the person proposing the theory and an
experiment is something everybody believes except the person doing the experiment”
--Albert Einstein(1879-1955)

3. Overview:-
 What is CFD?
 Purpose and Aim
 How it works?
 Advantages
 Applications
 Limitations of CFD
 References
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4. What is CFD?
 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the science
of predicting fluid flow behaviour of indefinite
geometry.
 We are interested in the forces (pressure , viscous
stress etc.) acting on surfaces.
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5.  We would like to determine the velocity field.
 (Example: In a race car, we are interested in the
local flow streamlines, so that we can design for less
drag)
 We are interested in knowing the temperature
distribution.
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6. History of CFD 6
Since 1940s analytical solution to most fluid dynamics
problems was available for idealized solutions.
Methods for solution of ODEs or PDEs were conceived only
on paper due to absence of personal computer.
FLUENT, TIDAL, C-MOLD, GASP,
FLOTRAN, SPLASH etc.

7. National Scenario in CFD:
 Educational / Research Institutes –IIT’s, IISc, BARC
 NAL, BHEL, SAIL, GTRE, Cummins, Mahindra,
Birla group,GE, TCS etc.
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8. Why CFD ?? 8
Growth in complexity of unsolved engineering
problem.
Need for quick solutions of moderate
accuracy.
Developments in computers in terms of speed and
storage.
Efficient solution algorithms.

9. How it works?
 Analysis begins with a mathematical model of a
physical problem.
 Conservation of mass, momentum, and energy must
be satisfied throughout the region of interest.
 Fluid properties are modeled empirically.
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CFD process flow
Pre - processing
Solver
Post -Processing
Geometry Creation
 Geometry Scaling
Boundary conditions
Problem
Specification
Additional
Models
 Numerical
Computations
Understanding flow
with color,
 Line and Contour
Data
 Average Values
(h,Fd)
Report Generation

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Governing equations
Conservation Of Mass
Momentum Conservation
Energy Conservation

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Operation
The flow region or calculation domain is divided
into a large number of finite volumes or cells.
Partial differential equations are discretized
using a wide range of techniques: finite difference,
finite volume or finite element.
Algebraic equations gathered into matrices which
are solved by an iterative procedure .

13. Advantages:
 Relatively low cost:-
CFD simulations are relatively inexpensive, and costs are
likely to decrease as computers become more powerful.
 Speed:-
CFD simulations can be executed in a short period of
time.
 Ability to simulate real conditions:-
CFD provides the ability to theoretically simulate any
physical condition.
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14. Applications
 Electronics thermal analysis
 Designing of super duty vehicles like trucks ,
tempos etc.(based on thermal stress points)
 Thermal comfort in office environment
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15. Limitations of CFD 15
Physical models
CFD solutions rely upon physical models of real
Processes
Numerical Errors
Round-off error
Truncation error
Boundary conditions

16. Conclusions:
 CFD is a powerful tool to solve complex
flows in engineering systems. However:
 Extreme care should be taken while:
 Generating geometry and grids.
 Choosing flow model.
 Boundary conditions.
 Material properties.
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17. References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_fluid_dyna
mics
https://www.quora.com/topic/Computational-Fluid-
Dynamics
https ://www.springerlink.com
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