Laser shock peening produces a compressive residual stress in the surface of metallic materials, which significantly increases fatigue life in applications where failure is caused by surface-initi ated cracks. Laser shock peening is applied by using a high energy pulsed laser to create a high amplitude stress wave or shock wave on the surface to be treated. This stress wave propagates into the material, causing the surface layer to yield and plastically deform, and thereby, develop a residual compressive stress. Where comparisons have been made to shot peening, the magnitude of the residual stresses at the surface are similar, but the compressive stresses from laser peening extend much deeper below the surface than those from shot peening. The resulting fatigue life enhancement is often greater for laser peering than it is for shot peening. In addition to fatigue strength improvement, laser peering can also locally strain harden thin sections of parts or strain harden a surface
Electron Beam Welding is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to the material to be joined. The work-piece melt as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact. The EBW process is well-positioned to provide industries with highest quality welds and machine designs that have proven to be adaptable to specific welding tasks and production environments.
Here I have explained theoretical view of ultrasonic welding and its applications in real world.
In addition to that, advantages and disadvantages of this process also discussed.
Explosive Forming is a manufacturing technique that uses explosions to force metal into dies and molds.
The explosives are typically either detonated underwater or in direct contact with the materials.
The technique is useful for short production runs of conventionally difficult-to-manufacture parts.
In Explosive Forming a punch or diaphragm in conventional forming is replaced by an explosive charge.
Chemical energy from the explosives is used to generate shockwaves through a medium (mostly water), which are directed to deform the workpiece at very high velocities.
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the explosion welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but explosion welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
This presentation focuses on basics of solid state processes and its processes including the applications of specific processes. It also covers the advantages and disadvantages of the discussed processes.
A Literature Review on Fiber Laser Cutting on Stainless Steel-304ijsrd.com
the recent up gradation of newer and high strength materials have made the machining task in fiber laser cutting is quite challenging. Thus for the optimum use of all the resources it is essential to make the required mechanical properties, accuracy and quality. This paper reviews the various notable works in field of Fiber Laser Cutting and magnifies on effect of machining parameters on strength, kerf width and surface roughness.
Electron Beam Welding is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to the material to be joined. The work-piece melt as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact. The EBW process is well-positioned to provide industries with highest quality welds and machine designs that have proven to be adaptable to specific welding tasks and production environments.
Here I have explained theoretical view of ultrasonic welding and its applications in real world.
In addition to that, advantages and disadvantages of this process also discussed.
Explosive Forming is a manufacturing technique that uses explosions to force metal into dies and molds.
The explosives are typically either detonated underwater or in direct contact with the materials.
The technique is useful for short production runs of conventionally difficult-to-manufacture parts.
In Explosive Forming a punch or diaphragm in conventional forming is replaced by an explosive charge.
Chemical energy from the explosives is used to generate shockwaves through a medium (mostly water), which are directed to deform the workpiece at very high velocities.
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the explosion welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but explosion welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
This presentation focuses on basics of solid state processes and its processes including the applications of specific processes. It also covers the advantages and disadvantages of the discussed processes.
A Literature Review on Fiber Laser Cutting on Stainless Steel-304ijsrd.com
the recent up gradation of newer and high strength materials have made the machining task in fiber laser cutting is quite challenging. Thus for the optimum use of all the resources it is essential to make the required mechanical properties, accuracy and quality. This paper reviews the various notable works in field of Fiber Laser Cutting and magnifies on effect of machining parameters on strength, kerf width and surface roughness.
Structural Changes in the Surface Layer of Deep Rolled Samples Due to Thermal...IJERA Editor
Deep rolling processes initiate plastic deformations in the surface layer. The local characteristics of deformation are dependent on the induced stress expressed by the local stress tensor. Equivalent stresses above yield strength cause plastic deformation. Additionally the intrinsic energy, e. g. the dislocation density, is enhanced and the residual stress state is changed. The effects to a deep rolled surface from an increase in temperature are mainly dependent on the material, the microstructure, the initial residual stress state, the inclusion density, the distribution of soluted alloying elements and the plastic deformation. In the described experiments the interactions between deformation and temperature of the steel grade AISI 4140 (42 CrMo 4) used for all further experiments in a transregional Collaborative Research Center (CRC) were to be examined. The most simple investigation methods were chosen deliberately to allow a better statistical support of correlations between introduced strains and material reactions for a wide variation of process parameters. Since the visual effects by light microscopy in AISI 4140 were very small, the experiments were repeated with german grade 18 CrNiMo 7-6 (comparable to AISI 4820). This paper focuses on the micro structural changes in defined deep rolled surface regions due to an increase in temperature. The work described is part of the Collaborative Research Center “Process Signatures”, collaboration between Bremen University, Technical University Aachen, Germany and Oklahoma State University Stillwater, USA.
This to demonstrate the laser ablation of hard materials to form a thin film for optical sensors. The work was done at DIllard University , New Orleans LA by Professor Abdalla Darwish. any comment e-mail adarwish@bellsouth.net.
A Review: Effect of Laser Peening Treatment on Properties And Life Cycle of D...IOSRJMCE
- In this review, the effect of laser peening process with and without protective coating is discussed over the different material and it is observed that the residual stress are induced in material surface up to some depth according to process parameters of LSP. Fatigue strength and micro-hardness of material are enhance by inducing residual stresses which further depends on process parameters and material properties.
Structural Vibration Control Using Solid Particle DamperIJERA Editor
In this paper the effectiveness of a solid particle damper to control structural vibration is experimentally
investigated. The vibration control performance and its influencing parameters are examined by a Multi Degree
of Freedom (MDOF) structure attached with a particle damper (PD) under horizontal excitation. In a particle
damping system damping is achieved using solid particles or granules and is a passive damping method. Here
the enclosure filled with particles is attached to the primary structure undergoing vibration. As the primary
structure vibrates, particles undergo inelastic collision within the enclosure resulting high amount of energy
dissipation. Based on the analytical study of undamped frame in ANSYS WORKBENCH, dimensions of the
frame were fixed and shake table study of a two storied steel frame with and without damper system are carried
out. Results shows that effectiveness of damping depends on various parameters like mass, particle size, shape
etc. The effectiveness is compared with a friction damper (FD) and is observed that PD is more efficient than
FD since 31.80% energy is dissipated more in PD compared to FD
Influence of Thickness on Electrical and Structural Properties of Zinc Oxide ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared on corning (7059) glass substrates at a thickness of 75.5 and 130.5nm by RF sputtering technique. The deposition was carried out at room temperature after which the samples were annealed in open air at 1500C. The electrical and structural properties of these films were studied. The electrical properties of the films were monitored by four-point probe method while the structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the electrical resistance of the films decreases with increase in the thickness of the films. The XRD analysis of the films showed that the films have a peak located at 〖34.31^0-34.35〗^0with hkl (002). Other parameters calculated include the stress ( ) and the grain size (D).
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Literature Review
Experimental Setup
Working Process
What are residual stresses
Incremental hole drilling method
Factors influencing residual stresses
Advantages
Conclusion
References
3. INTRODUCTION
Peening is the process of working a metals‘ s
surface to improve its material properties
It is a cold working process.
Mechanical working processes
1. Hammers
2. Shots
3. Laser
4. WHAT IS LASER PEENING?
Laser peening is a surface enhancement method
for extending the life of metal components
Laser peening improves fatigue life
residual stresses generated by LSP typically
extend 5to 10 times deeper than those produced
by shot peening.
longer service lifetimes
5. RESIDUAL STRESS ANALYSIS ON
TITANIUM ALLOY TC4 BY LASER
SHOCK PEENING
This test was performed by jun hong li ,he is
from china.
He is done LSP test on TC4 material
the residual stresses using x-ray stress analyser
Results indicates that there was large residual
stresses are induced on the surface of material.
6. PARAMETRIC STUDY ON SINGLE SHOT
AND OVERLAPPING LASER SHOCK
PEENING ON VARIOUS METALS VIA
MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTS
This paper is written by yunfeng cao and yung
c.shin.
this experiment performed on 4140 steel and TI-
6AL-4V materials
These are underwater confinement process
And he used 3-d finite element for analyse
residual stresses in the materials
7. AN ANALYTICAL MODEL TO PREDICT
RESIDUAL STRESS FIELD INDUCED BY
LASER SHOCK PEENING
This paper was published by yongxiang hu and
zheqiang yao and jun hu
He proposed a complete analytical model of LSP
He used FEM to calculate residual stresses in the
material
8. EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL
INVESTIGATION OF RESIDUAL
STRESSES IN LASER PEENED AA2198
This paper was published by s.keller,s.chupakhin,
p.staron,e.maawad,n.kashaev
Lsp is done on AA2198 material
Experimental and numerical investigation are done
using different investigating models
Using hole drilling method and x-ray diffraction test
9. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF
VARIATION IN RESIDUAL STRESS
DISTRIBUTION IN LASER SHOCK
PEENING OF STEELS
This paper was published rohit voothaluru and
c.Richard liu gary j.cheng
This experiment was done on 1053STEEL &
52100 AISI STEELS
By using ansys software he compared residual
stresses of 1053 STEEL and 52100 AISI
STEELS
11. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Laser characteristics
1. Neodymium glass (Nd) laser (1054 nm wavelength)
2. 0.6 - 5 J energy per pulse
3. 1 - 3mm spot diameter
4. 2.78- 25GW/cm2 power density
Opaque used
1. Paint
2. Tape
Coolant used
1. water
12. • Specimen used
1. AA2198-T3, AA2198-T5
2. Specimen thickness : 3.2 mm
• Base layer used:
1. Steel plate
2. Air
13. •PROCEDURE
A high-energy, short-duration laser pulse
produces a rapidly expanding plasma burst on
the part surface
The rapid rise of pressure generates a powerful
compressive shockwave that propagates into the
material.
14. TYPICAL LSP PROCESSING PARAMETERS FROM THE LITERATURE USED FOR
DIFFERENT MATERIALS WITH CONCLUDING REMARKS.
15. WHAT ARE RESIDUAL STRESSES?
Residual stresses are stresses that remain in a
solid material after the original cause of the
stresses has been removed
Residual stress may be desirable or undesirable
Undesirable residual stresses cause premature
failures
16. WHY ARE RESIDUAL STRESSES
BENEFICIAL?
When a component is enhanced with
compressive residual stresses, it can withstand
greater tensile forces before cracking and failure
occur.
buffer against tensile strain,
deeper compressive stresses inhibit crack
initiation
17. METHODS TO FIND RESIDUAL
STRESSES
Nano-indentation,
X-ray diffraction,
metallographic microscope,
SEM,
TEM
Incremental hole drilling method
Fem
18. INCREMENTAL HOLE DRILLING
METHOD
Residual stresses were determined by the
measurement system Prism from Stress-tech by
1. electronic speckle pattern interferometry
(ESPI) or Strain gauges.
1. Drilling a hole incrementally.
2. Measurement of the surface deformation after
each increment using ESPI or Strain gauges
3. Calculation of the residual stresses from surface
deformations(Integral method)
23. FOCAL SIZE
• Low focus size
1. high overlapping stresses
2. spherical wavefront
• High focus size
1. high depth of penetration
2. linear wave front
Laser power density
1. Higher power density leads to high pressure pulse
irrespective of pulse energy
24.
25. Influence of base layer
Base layer is placed at the back of the work
piece as a support.
This will reflect back the wave into material to
increase residual stresses.
26. Influence of specimen thickness
1. Increase in the thickness the shock wave
intensity decreases at the end of plate
2. Reflected shock wave intensity also decreases
27. X-RAY DIFFRACTIONS TEST
The photon energy: 87.1 kev
Wave length:0.1419 Aº
Pixel size :200μm
Beam is 1.5 mt from work-piece
31. APPLICATIONS
Engine components
Turbine, fan, and compressor blades
Bulkheads, wing attachments, flight control
mechanisms, wheels
Brakes, landing gear
Welded titanium and aluminum components for
improved reliability
Welded aging aircraft parts for improved
reliability
32. CONCLUSION
As the LSP power density increased, the residual
compressive stresses on the surface were also
increased.
fatigue resistance of material would be greatly
improved
Laser shock processing can make high residual
compressive stress on the surface and deep
inside of the material.
Compressive stresses decreased gradually with
the depth increased,