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Las Comunicaciones Nacionales 
Brasileñas y sus liciones para la 
América Latina 
Philip M. Fearnside 
Instituto Nacional de Investigación de la Amazonía – INPA 
http://philip.inpa.gov.br 
Aporte a las Contribuciones Nacionales (INDC) de Perú y la financiación internacional 
para el cambio climático en América Latina: Ronda de comentarios y reflexiones. 
2014 Global Landscape Forum (GLF). Org. CIFOR & DAR, Hotel Westin , Lima. 
6 Diciembre 2014. “
Instituto Nacional de Ciência 
e Tecnologia dos Serviços 
Ambientais da Amazônia – 
SERVAMB 
http://inct-servamb.inpa.gov.br/
Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA). The Brazilian Redd Strategy. MMA, Brasília, DF, 29 
pp. (2009).
http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/2012/03/28/deforestation-slowdown-in-the-brazilian- 
amazon-prices-or-policies/
(Resolução BACEN nº 3.545/2008)
Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA). The Brazilian Redd Strategy. MMA, Brasília, DF, 29 
pp. (2009).
(MCT, 2004. Comunicação Nacional, p. 146)
(Plano Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima, p. 67)
Emissões do corte do Cerrado: 
(Comunicação Nacional, p. 146)
(Grandin 2012, p. 14) 
Bubbles in a tributary in Santo Antônio.
Tucuruí spillway photo
Fearnside & Pueyo, 2012. Nature Climate Change
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2011) Renewable Energy 
Sources and Climate Change Mitigation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental 
Panel on Climate Change. Edenhofer O, Madruga RP, Sokona Y, Seyboth K, 
Eickemeier P, Matschoss P, Hansen G, Kadner S, Schlomer S, Zwickel T von 
Stechow C (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1075 pp [available 
at: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srren/srren_full_report.pdf] p. 982.
CDM Hydro pipeline [a] 
Country Total Installed CO2e[c] % of 
projects[b] capacity average/yr total 
(MW) (million t) CO2e 
China 1,410 61,280 179.7 62.2 
Brazil 117 8,495 17.8 6.2 
Other non-Annex I[d] 774 88,577 91.4 31.6 
Total 2,301 158,352 288.9 100.0 
[a] as of 30 January 2012. Data from Chu (2012) based on the UNEP Risoe Centre (http://cdmpipeline.org/). 
[b] Includes both "large" (defined by the CDM as > 15 MW) and "small" (≤ 15 MW) projects. 
[c] 1 ton carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e) = 1 certified emissions reduction (CER). 
[d]Countries without limits on their emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. 
(Fearnside, 2013)
Fearnside, P.M. 2013. Credit for climate 
mitigation by Amazonian dams: Loopholes 
and impacts illustrated by Brazil’s Jirau 
Hydroelectric Project. Carbon Management 
4(6): 681-696. doi: 10.4155/CMT.13.57 
Fearnside, P.M. 2013. Carbon credit for 
hydroelectric dams as a source of 
greenhouse-gas emissions: The example of 
Brazil’s Teles Pires Dam. Mitigation and 
Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 
18(5): 691-699. doi: 10.1007/s11027-012-9382-6
Foto: R.I. Barbosa
Laurance et al., 2014
Laurance et al., 2014
Laurance, W.F.; A.S. Andrade, A. Magrach, J.L.C. 
Camargo, J.J. Valsko, M. Campbell, P.M. Fearnside, 
W. Edwards, T.E. Lovejoy & S.G. Laurance. 2014. 
Long-term changes in liana abundance and forest 
dynamics in undisturbed Amazonian forests. 
Ecology 95(6): 1604-1611. doi: 10.1890/13-1571.1 
Laurance, W.F.; A.S. Andrade, A. Magrach, J.L.C. 
Camargo, M. Campbell, P.M. Fearnside, W. Edwards, 
J.J. Valsko, T.E. Lovejoy & S.G. Laurance. 2014. 
Apparent environmental synergism drives the 
dynamics of Amazonian forest fragments. Ecology 
95(11): 3018-3026. doi: 10.1890/14-0330.1
Fearnside, P.M. 2013. What is at stake for 
Brazilian Amazonia in the climate 
negotiations. Climatic Change. 118(3): 509- 
519. doi: 10.1007/s10584-012-0660-9 
Fearnside, P.M. 2012. Brazil's Amazon 
Forest in mitigating global warming: 
unresolved controversies. Climate Policy 
12(1): 70-81. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2011.581571
http://philip.inpa.gov.br

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Las Comunicaciones Nacionales Brasileñas y sus liciones para la América Latina

  • 1. Las Comunicaciones Nacionales Brasileñas y sus liciones para la América Latina Philip M. Fearnside Instituto Nacional de Investigación de la Amazonía – INPA http://philip.inpa.gov.br Aporte a las Contribuciones Nacionales (INDC) de Perú y la financiación internacional para el cambio climático en América Latina: Ronda de comentarios y reflexiones. 2014 Global Landscape Forum (GLF). Org. CIFOR & DAR, Hotel Westin , Lima. 6 Diciembre 2014. “
  • 2. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Serviços Ambientais da Amazônia – SERVAMB http://inct-servamb.inpa.gov.br/
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  • 8. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA). The Brazilian Redd Strategy. MMA, Brasília, DF, 29 pp. (2009).
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  • 11. (Resolução BACEN nº 3.545/2008)
  • 12. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA). The Brazilian Redd Strategy. MMA, Brasília, DF, 29 pp. (2009).
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  • 14. (MCT, 2004. Comunicação Nacional, p. 146)
  • 15. (Plano Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima, p. 67)
  • 16. Emissões do corte do Cerrado: (Comunicação Nacional, p. 146)
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  • 18. (Grandin 2012, p. 14) Bubbles in a tributary in Santo Antônio.
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  • 21. Fearnside & Pueyo, 2012. Nature Climate Change
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  • 23. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2011) Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Edenhofer O, Madruga RP, Sokona Y, Seyboth K, Eickemeier P, Matschoss P, Hansen G, Kadner S, Schlomer S, Zwickel T von Stechow C (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1075 pp [available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srren/srren_full_report.pdf] p. 982.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. CDM Hydro pipeline [a] Country Total Installed CO2e[c] % of projects[b] capacity average/yr total (MW) (million t) CO2e China 1,410 61,280 179.7 62.2 Brazil 117 8,495 17.8 6.2 Other non-Annex I[d] 774 88,577 91.4 31.6 Total 2,301 158,352 288.9 100.0 [a] as of 30 January 2012. Data from Chu (2012) based on the UNEP Risoe Centre (http://cdmpipeline.org/). [b] Includes both "large" (defined by the CDM as > 15 MW) and "small" (≤ 15 MW) projects. [c] 1 ton carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e) = 1 certified emissions reduction (CER). [d]Countries without limits on their emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. (Fearnside, 2013)
  • 27. Fearnside, P.M. 2013. Credit for climate mitigation by Amazonian dams: Loopholes and impacts illustrated by Brazil’s Jirau Hydroelectric Project. Carbon Management 4(6): 681-696. doi: 10.4155/CMT.13.57 Fearnside, P.M. 2013. Carbon credit for hydroelectric dams as a source of greenhouse-gas emissions: The example of Brazil’s Teles Pires Dam. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 18(5): 691-699. doi: 10.1007/s11027-012-9382-6
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  • 35. Laurance, W.F.; A.S. Andrade, A. Magrach, J.L.C. Camargo, J.J. Valsko, M. Campbell, P.M. Fearnside, W. Edwards, T.E. Lovejoy & S.G. Laurance. 2014. Long-term changes in liana abundance and forest dynamics in undisturbed Amazonian forests. Ecology 95(6): 1604-1611. doi: 10.1890/13-1571.1 Laurance, W.F.; A.S. Andrade, A. Magrach, J.L.C. Camargo, M. Campbell, P.M. Fearnside, W. Edwards, J.J. Valsko, T.E. Lovejoy & S.G. Laurance. 2014. Apparent environmental synergism drives the dynamics of Amazonian forest fragments. Ecology 95(11): 3018-3026. doi: 10.1890/14-0330.1
  • 36. Fearnside, P.M. 2013. What is at stake for Brazilian Amazonia in the climate negotiations. Climatic Change. 118(3): 509- 519. doi: 10.1007/s10584-012-0660-9 Fearnside, P.M. 2012. Brazil's Amazon Forest in mitigating global warming: unresolved controversies. Climate Policy 12(1): 70-81. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2011.581571