The introduction discusses the emergence of participatory culture online, especially among teens, and highlights both promising and concerning examples. It outlines 5 core ethical issues raised by new digital media: identity, privacy, ownership/authorship, credibility, and participation. While these issues are not new, their stakes may be different online. The document seeks to provide an objective analysis of ethical fault lines in new digital media and how supports for ethical participation can help realize its promises.
Safe Community Partnership October 2013 Social Media & TechnologyScott Mills
Presented Oct 29, 2013 in Toronto, Ontario "Social Media And Technology: New Opportunities and Benefits, New Challenges" Faye Misha, Dean & Professor Factor-Inwentash Facutly of Social Work and Margaret & Wallace McCain Family Chair in Child & Family, University of Toronto
Strategies to Connect, Communicate and Collaborate with Youth in the Digital AgeVickiLGray
A presentation prepared for the NYATEP Youth Academy in February 2008 to introduce how to serve youth in workforce development programs with new Web 2.0 applications.
Safe Community Partnership October 2013 Social Media & TechnologyScott Mills
Presented Oct 29, 2013 in Toronto, Ontario "Social Media And Technology: New Opportunities and Benefits, New Challenges" Faye Misha, Dean & Professor Factor-Inwentash Facutly of Social Work and Margaret & Wallace McCain Family Chair in Child & Family, University of Toronto
Strategies to Connect, Communicate and Collaborate with Youth in the Digital AgeVickiLGray
A presentation prepared for the NYATEP Youth Academy in February 2008 to introduce how to serve youth in workforce development programs with new Web 2.0 applications.
Too many issues to count: Signifying friendship on FacebookDaniel Hooker
A presentation on my final paper for LIBR 559B: New Media for Children and Young Adults. The paper is a semiotic analysis of a popular Facebook meme and concerns the establishment of theoretical principles of human communication to online social networking behaviour.
This presentation is posted with permission by Doug Johnson who created it. It was presented on March 21st as part of the EdTechConnect series of webinars the Discovery Educator Network (DEN). For more information about Doug Johnson, visit doug-johnson.com. For more information about the DEN, visit DiscoveryEducatorNetwork.com
This presentation explains the work being done by Digital Democracy and VozMob and our ideas for collaboration between our two organizations, for N2Y4 Featured Projects Pitch Series
Tunheim Partners' David Erickson's and Eliza Appert's presentation at the 2008 Minnesota Council on Nonprofits conference, Nonprofits & Government: Partnerships & Policies in a Time of Retrenchment on Millennials & Micropayments: Social Giving & ePhilanthropy.
Too many issues to count: Signifying friendship on FacebookDaniel Hooker
A presentation on my final paper for LIBR 559B: New Media for Children and Young Adults. The paper is a semiotic analysis of a popular Facebook meme and concerns the establishment of theoretical principles of human communication to online social networking behaviour.
This presentation is posted with permission by Doug Johnson who created it. It was presented on March 21st as part of the EdTechConnect series of webinars the Discovery Educator Network (DEN). For more information about Doug Johnson, visit doug-johnson.com. For more information about the DEN, visit DiscoveryEducatorNetwork.com
This presentation explains the work being done by Digital Democracy and VozMob and our ideas for collaboration between our two organizations, for N2Y4 Featured Projects Pitch Series
Tunheim Partners' David Erickson's and Eliza Appert's presentation at the 2008 Minnesota Council on Nonprofits conference, Nonprofits & Government: Partnerships & Policies in a Time of Retrenchment on Millennials & Micropayments: Social Giving & ePhilanthropy.
Final DRAFT: Go Ahead and Shoot Me: The Wild West of Online Video and Image S...Anne Arendt
Final DRAFT report for UVU Faculty Conference 2011 held on Wed, January 19, 2011. Now needs to go through editorial review but more refined than original posted version. Use information as you see fit.
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
Web 20 (Social Media) Policies in Higher EducationAnne Arendt
This paper summarizes the social media and Web 2.0 field in regard to policies from the perspective of a Web resource director. The paper is 50 pages and was created specifically for the Best Practices in Policy Management Conference sponsored by the UVU Policy Office on November 6, 2009.
View the 'official' report at http://works.bepress.com/anne_arendt/7/
Chormvirak photo
Chormvirak at Camma\s
Leadership and Management
Moulsem Chormvirak Photo
AEON Specialized Bank at Sunway Hotel
Trainning
Chormvirak Moulsem
ការប្រឈមនៃការចំណាកស្រុករបស់ពលករខ្មែរទៅប្រទេសថៃ - Immigration of Cambodian to ...Chormvirak Moulsem
ការប្រឈមនែការចំណាកស្រុករបស់ពលករខ្មែរទៅប្រទេសថៃ - Immigration of Cambodian to Thailand for working Research Paper - Royal University of Laws and Economics Master Degree
The 7 habits highly effective teens slide presentation for PUC studentChormvirak Moulsem
Stephen R. Covey's book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People®, has been a top-seller for the simple reason that it ignores trends and pop psychology for proven principles of fairness, integrity, honesty, and human dignity. Celebrating its fifteenth year of helping people solve personal and professional problems, this special anniversary edition includes a new foreword and afterword written by Covey exploring the question of whether the 7 Habits are still relevant and answering some of the most common questions he has received over the past 15 years.
The Company and its subsidiaries focus on operating its business taking into account the ethics and Good Corporate Governance,
including transparency and a commitment to promoting the interests of the economics, community and the environment through
its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies. As part of its CSR policies, the Company and its subsidiaries organize charitable
events encouraging its employees to participate in various activities, including environmental conservation, supporting sporting
events as well as supporting religious and cultural traditions to sustainably strengthen the society and community.
Walmart Save the Day - Management of-change-presentationChormvirak Moulsem
In most countries, supermarket chains create and manage well-oiled supply chains to offer consumers lower prices and dampen inflationary trends. Inflation in India is touching decade-highs. But then it’s a fallacy that in India it is always about low price’. Companies like Tata, Birla and Reliance have all attempted to enter food-and-grocery retailing in India with mixed success. Will Wal-Mart’s supply chain work in India
Kulen Mineral Water - NOW, EVERY CAMBODIAN CAN DRINK HEALTHY, NATURAL MINERAL...Chormvirak Moulsem
In the context of my studies, I had to do a three months internship in a foreign country. So I was looking for a good internship and a good country. I’m very interested by the wine business and the wine in general. So I wanted to do my internship in this sector to learn more about the marketing tools, strategies and habits of this market. Then, I was very attracted by the Asia, not by a special place but I really wanted to discover this continent.
By my network, I knew that a French businessman has created his own company in Cambodia. A marketing company which offer to communicate for big wine’s producers all around the world. I’ve heard that at this time, the company got one head office in Singapore, one operative unit in China and a representative office in Cambodia. So it sounds very interesting for me and in May 2013, I decided to apply to get an internship in the head office of Singapore.
Unfortunately, the company was not able to offer me an internship of three months in the head office because they don’t use to offer less than 6 months internship and also because they were already full in Singapore. But after one month, the CEO, M. Olivry emails me again to offer me an internship of three months in Cambodia mainly focused on the a mineral water local brand called “Kulara Water”. So, even if it was not what I expected first, after consideration, I accepted the offer. Mainly because all I’ve heard and ridden about Cambodia was very interesting and also because the mineral water is a very interesting product and market to develop in Cambodia.
To summarize, I prepared my first trip Alone, in Asia, during Three months. I think these are the main difficulties I’ve found in my internship. First, I had to change my way of think, understand a new culture and adapt myself to this country. This, I had to do it alone, with no parents here to take care, no friends etc… And of course, it’s not holidays in a five stars hotel during three weeks, no. Three months of living in the Khmer1 lifestyle.
20 liters per person per day from a source within 1 kilometer of the household is deemed sufficient for adequate drinking and personal hygiene.
Rural areas lag far behind cities in access to water with more than 653 million people using an unimproved water source or ground water.
In Siem Reap, it’s estimated that 4.6 million water bottles are generated by the tourism industry alone. That’s not including local consumption. That figure is based on the average visitor stay and daily consumption, and number of visitors per year.
Fisheries provides food security to the majority of the countries population in terms of protein and essential minerals and Vitamins as rice and fish constitute the stable diet of most Cambodians.
Comparative of Judaism’s Fasting and Islamic’s Fasting. Religion is the key that we well-known as the way to teach people live in an exceptional life. When people committed to different religious traditions come together to discuss common themes, they often find their own practices and understandings enriched and enlightened. Religion plays the importance role in human’s life in the loving-kindness way and global destiny as well as animal living. In the world’s history there are 3 main monotheistic religion which existed since the first world civilization born such as Judaism, Islamic and Christianity. These three main religion seem very similar to each other because they believe in only one god, they believe their religion’s bible which mean the Judaism believe in Torah while Islamic believe in Quran and Christianity believe in The new and the old testament yet the history of the bible has shown that they came from the same resource in Israel. In addition, Fasting is one of the most ritual in these religion notably Fasting between Judaism and Islamic.
Comparative religion - Comparative of Judaism’s Fasting and Islamic’s FastingChormvirak Moulsem
Religion is the key that we well-known as the way to teach people live in an exceptional life. When people committed to different religious traditions come together to discuss common themes, they often find their own practices and understandings enriched
and enlightened. Religion plays the importance role in human’s life in the loving-kindness way and global destiny as well as animal living. In the world’s history there are 3 main monotheistic religion which existed since the first world civilization born such as Judaism, Islamic and Christianity. These three main religion seem very similar to each other because they believe in only one god, they believe their religion’s bible which mean the Judaism believe in Torah while Islamic believe in Quran and Christianity believe in The new and the old testament yet the history of the bible has shown that they came from the same resource in Israel. In addition, Fasting is one of the most ritual in these religion notably Fasting between Judaism and Islamic.
Tum teav-story-part-3-to-part - Comparative Tum Teav PresentationChormvirak Moulsem
Romeo and Juliet is a classic literature which written by William Shakespare in the Renaissance period. The story was about the love argument of a couple because of their family feud. In the story we see two character which came from the royal family and have high rank in the city like The Prince and Mercutio. Even thought, they were the kin men but Mercutio and The Prince are completely different of their appearance or attitude, character trait as well as their action in the story.
In the plot of the story, we can see that Mercutio was a young boy who is temperamental and brave. He sometimes funny and like to play a lot with his friends like Romeo. Mercutio also a helpful man who can assist as advise and never betrayed his friends. In contrast, The Prince Escalus was a mature old man who represent of the law in the story. Not like Mercutio The Prince can control his anger and can solve the problem peacefully. His work in the story was very rigorous and justice.
Interesting topics for research proposal on motivation without wasting time o...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
15 interesting dissertation topics on employee motivationChormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Staff motivation - Employee motivation - A study on employees work motivation...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Bachelor thesis employee motivation and performance - Staff motivation and pe...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Employee motivation and performance - Staff motivation Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Culture - Cham People in Cambodia , Cham Culture Presentation.Chormvirak Moulsem
The Cham people in Cambodia form the largest minority in the country with about 300.000 people.
They are mostly concentrated along the Mekong and Tonle Sap River in Cambodia.
The Cham people were originally a people of an ancient kingdom from the Kingdom of Champa.
Cham people who follow Islam we call Muslims, and Khmer people who follows Islam we call Khmer-Islam.
CHAM:
Syncretic Islamic
Communities
in Vietnam
and Cambodia
January 20 – March 28, 2010
East-West Center Gallery, Honolulu, Hawai‘i
The Cham of Vietnam and Cambodia
are one of the most fascinating
communities in Southeast Asia today.
The Cham, descendents of the
Kingdom of Champa that once ruled
much of southern Vietnam developed
a vibrant civilization. Their achievements
were manifest in the building
of unique Cham temples (bimong)
that can still be found scattered
throughout the southern Vietnam.
Originally a Hindu empire, themajority
of Cham people converted to various
forms of Islam over
the centuries. Both
Hinduism and Islam
greatly influenced
Cham political,
religious, and
cultural life.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. CHAPTER CONTENTS
1 Introduction
1.1 TVNewser
1.2 Global Kids
1.3 Lonelygirl15
1.4 The Digital Public
1.5 Speech in the
Blogsphere
1.6 New Digital Frontiers
4. Terminology
Cyberspace: The visual realm in
which interactive activities take
place.
Dialogical: Online liberation on
Gather.com, for example.
Frontiers: Open spaces; they
often lack comprehensive and well-
enforced rules & regulations and
thus harbor both tremendous
promises and significant perils.
5. Terminology
Interactive: Such as multiplayer
as opposed to single-player
games.
Internet (The): The visual realm
in which interactive activities
take place.
6. Terminology
New Digital Media (NDM) (New
Media): The actual technologies
that people use to connect with
one another—including mobile
phones, personal digital assistants
(PDAs), game consoles, and
computers connected to the
Internet.
Online: The visual realm in which
interactive activities take place.
7. Terminology
Participatory: User-contributed
content, such as videos posted
on YouTube.
Participatory Culture: A culture
of creation and sharing,
mentorship, and civic
engagement that is emerging
online, especially among teens.
8. Terminology
Participatory Culture: A culture with
relatively low barriers to artistic
expression and civic engagement, strong
support for creating and sharing one’s
creations, and some type of informal
mentorship whereby what is known by
the most experienced is passed along to
novices. A participatory culture is also
one in which members believe their
contributions matter, and feel some
degree of social connection with one
another (at the least, they care what
other people think about what they have
created).
9. Terminology
Web 2.0: The 2nd generation
Internet technologies that
permit, indeed invite, people to
create, share, and modify online
content (Carrie James et al.,
2009, p. 6).
10. 1 Introduction
“PARTICIPATORY CULTURE”
“Participatory Culture” is a culture of creation
and sharing, mentorship, and civic
engagement that is emerging online,
especially among teens (Media scholar H.
Jenkins (2006) in Carrie James et al., 2009, p.
1).
When Time magazine declared its 2006
Person of the Year to be “You,” the magazine
was pointing to an undeniable reality: anyone
with an Internet connection can be a reporter,
political commentator, cultural critic, or media
producer (ibid.).
11. Introduction
Although Time did not explicitly
frame participation in the new
media as a youth phenomenon,
most of the 15 “citizens of digital
democracy” who were featured
in its December 13 article
(Grossman 2006) were under
the age of 35 (Carrie James et
al., 2009, p. 1).
12. Introduction
1.1 TVNewser
In 2004, Brian Stelter, then a
sophomore communications major at
Towson University, started a blog
called “TVNewser” that provides an
ongoing, detailed record of ratings,
gossip, and events in the news
media industry.
Over the past 3 years, “TVNewser”
has become a chief source of
information for news industry
executives.
13. Introduction
His youth and lack of
credentials notwithstanding,
Stelter is considered an
extremely credible source.
After graduating from college,
Stelter was hired as a media
reporter for the New York Times
(Carrie James et al., 2009, p. 2).
14. Introduction
1.2 GLOBAL KIDS
Global Kids
(http://www.globalkids.org) is a New
York-based organization that is
“committed to transforming urban
youth into successful students as
well as global and community
leaders.”
In 2000, Global Kids launched an
online Leadership Program (OLP)
through which simultaneously build
technical, new media literacy,
leadership, and civic engagement
skills. (Carrie James et al., 2009, p.
15. Introduction
Yet, for every digital superkid
and for every example of good
citizenship online, there seem to
be more examples of
(intentional or naïve) misuses—
or at least ethically ambiguous
uses—of digital media. (Carrie
James et al., 2009, p. 2).
16. Introduction
1.3 LONELYGIRL15
In June 2006, a series of video
blogs posted on YouTube by a
teenager called Lonelygirl15 began
to capture a wide audience.
The video depicted a 16-year-old
girl named Bree talking about her
day-to-day existence, including her
experiences being homeschooled
and raised by strict, religious
parents. (Carrie James et al.,
2009, pp. 2-3).
17. Introduction
After several months, Bree
was revealed to be Jessica
Rose, a 20-something-
actress who was working
with several filmmaker
friends to produce the video
series. (Carrie James et al.,
2009, p. 3).
18. Introduction
1.4 THE DIGITAL PUBLIC
Aleksey Vayner, a senior at Yale
University in 2006, became infamous
after he submitted a résumé to the
investment bank USB.
Included with the résumé was his online,
self-made video titled “Impossible Is
Nothing,” which appeared to be a record
of Vayner’s diverse talents and depicted
him performing a variety of skills such as
ballroom dancing and extreme
weightlifting. (Carrie James et al., 2009,
19. Introduction
The video link was circulated by
email within the bank and soon
beyond it.
After it began making headlines in
the blogsphere and in major
newspapers, questions were raised
about the authenticity of some of the
footage.
Vayner subsequently sought legal
advice for what he considered to be
an invasion of privacy. (Carrie
20. Introduction
1.5 SPEECH IN THE BLOGSPHERE
On April 6, 2007, a technical writer
and prominent blogger, Kathy Sierra,
published an entry on her blog
entitled “Death Threats against
Bloggers Are NOT ‘Protected
Speech.’”
For several weeks, Sierra had
received anonymous violent
comments and death threats on her
own blog and on 2 other blogs.
(Carrie James et al., 2009, p. 3).
21. Introduction
Following Sierra’s alarming post, a
heated controversy about the
Ethics of Speech unfolded in the
blogsphere.
Calls for a blogger’s Code of
Conduct were met with angry
protests that indicated how deeply
many participants cherish the
openness and freedoms of
cyberspace. (Carrie James et al.,
2009, p. 3).
22. Introduction
Ever since technical technologies
were made widely available,
scholars, educators, policymakers,
and parents have been debating
their implications for young
people’s literacy, attention spans,
social tolerance, and propensity
(tendency; inclination) for
aggression.
Considerable strides are now
being made in scholarship in many
of these areas. (Carrie James et
23. Introduction
The educational benefits of
video games, for example, are
being convincingly documented
by scholars such as Gee
(2003), Johnson (2005), and
Shaffer (2006).
At the same time, debates
persist about the relationship
between video games and
violence. (Carrie James et al.,
2009, p. 4).
24. Introduction
Concerns about ethical issues in the
new media have also been
expressed by journalists, politicians,
ideologues, and educators but have
received less attention from scholars.
In response to concerns about online
predators, illegal downloading, and
imprudent posting of content online,
a number of cybersafety initiatives
have emerged online and in schools
around the country. (Carrie James et
al., 2009, p. 4).
25. Introduction
The Ad Council’s YouTube videos
entitled “Think before You Post”
seek to “to make teen girls aware
of the potential dangers of
sharing and posting personal
information online and of
communicating with unfamiliar
people to help reduce their risk
of sexual victimization and
abduction” (Ad Council 2007).
(Carrie James et al., 2009, p. 4).
26. Introduction
Youth-driven outreach groups and
anticyberbullying campaigns, such
as Teenangels and StandUP!, are
making their way into schools.
Somewhat surprising though,
objective, research-based
accounts of the ethical issues
raised by the new digital media
are scarce. (Carrie James et al.,
2009, p. 4).
27. Introduction
This report attempts to fill this gap.
Some of the digital media’s fault lines that we have
scrutinized are the nature of personal identities
that are being formed online; the fate of personal
privacy in an environment where diverse types of
information can be gleaned and disseminated; the
meaning of authorship in spaces where multiple,
anonymous contributors produce knowledge; the
status of intellectual and other forms of property
that are easily accessible by a broad public; the
ways in which individuals (both known and
anonymous) interact and treat one another in
cyberspace; and the credibility and trustworthiness
of individuals, organizations, and causes that are
regularly trafficking on the Internet (Carrie James
et al., 2009, pp. 4-5).
28. Introduction
Five core issues are salient in
the new media:
1. Identity
2. Privacy
3. Ownership & authorship
4. Credibility
5. Participation (Carrie James et
al., 2009, p. 5).
29. Introduction
These issues have long been considered
important offline as well.
Yet in digital spaces, these issues may
carry new or at least distinct ethical
stakes.
It seems critical to ask whether the new
digital media are giving rise to new
mental models—new “ethical minds”—
with respect to identity, privacy,
ownership & authorship, credibility,
and participation, and whether the new
digital media require a conceptualization
of these issues and the ethical potentials
they carry. (Carrie James et al., 2009, p.
5).
30. Introduction
The 5 themes explored here
are ethically significant in the
digital age, but they are not
necessarily the final
defining ethical fault lines
of this age (Carrie James et
al., 2009, p. 5).
31. Introduction
1.6 NEW DIGITAL FRONTIERS
The New Digital Media (NDM)
have ushered in a new and
essentially unlimited set of
frontiers.
Frontiers are open spaces: They
often lack comprehensive and well-
enforced rules & regulations and
thus harbor both tremendous
promises and significant perils.
(Carrie James et al., 2009, p. 6).
32. Introduction
On the promising side, the New Digital
Media permit and encourage “Participatory
Culture.”
As Henry Jenkins and colleagues define it, “A
participatory culture is a culture with relatively
low barriers to artistic expression and civic
engagement, strong support for creating and
sharing one’s creations, and some type of
informal mentorship whereby what is known
by the most experienced is passed along to
novices. A participatory culture is also one in
which members believe their contributions
matter, and feel some degree of social
connection with one another (at the least, they
care what other people think about what they
have created)” (Jenkins et al. (2006, p. 3) in
Carrie James et al., 2009, p. 7).
33. Introduction
If leveraged properly, the
Internet can be a powerful tool
for promoting social
responsibility.
The new media’s capabilities to
promote evil might be in equal
proportion to their capacities to
promote good. (Carrie James et
al., 2009, pp. 7-8).
34. Introduction
There are innumerable ways—some
barely conceivable—for the dishonest
to penetrate harms and, in turn, for the
innocent to be victimized.
The potentials and perils of the new
digital media are reflected in opposing
discourses described as “digital faith”
and “moral panics.” (Carrie James et
al., 2009, p. 8).
35. Introduction
Optimist Moore (2003) points to
the “worldwide peace campaign” of
millions of interconnected people
who are working for social issues
and human rights as a “beautiful”
example of “emerging democracy”
in cyberspace, while skeptic Keen
describes the Internet as “a
chaotic human arrangement
with few, if any, formal social
pacts.” (Carrie James et al., 2009,
p. 8).
36. Introduction
These disputes echo those that
have raged for decades (if not
longer) about traditional media,
especially with respect to effects
on children. (Carrie James et
al., 2009, p. 8).
37. Introduction
Yet, the new media may pose
qualitatively different risks and
opportunities.
The reality is that most online
situations are rich with promises
and risks, both of which often
carry ethical consequences.
(Carrie James et al., 2009, p. 8).
38. Introduction
Like all frontiers, cyberspace will
eventually be regulated in some
fashion, but it is unclear how
regulation will occur and who will
gain and who will lose from the
regulation.
The blogger’s Code of Conduct
(2007) and the Deleting Online
Predators Act (2006) are recent
efforts in the direction of regulation
that take two different tacks.
(Carrie James et al., 2009, p. 8).
39. Introduction
The former, created by bloggers
themselves, establishes
guidelines for conduct; the
latter, a bill introduced by
legislators, restricts young
people’s access to social
networking and other interactive
sites (Carrie James et al., 2009,
pp. 8-9).
40. Introduction
Moreover, because commercial
interests have an ever-growing
presence in digital spaces, the extent to
which market forces will have a hand in
regulation and the ethical implications of
their involvement need to be considered.
Now is the time to ask what a regulated
World Wide Web would look like and how
we can retain the openness and socially
positive potentials of the new digital
media while restraining unethical
conduct. (Carrie James et al., 2009, p. 9).
41. Introduction
We believe that such a balance
cannot be struck without a nuanced
understanding of the distinct ethical
fault lines in these rapidly evolving
frontiers.
Yet, understanding is but a first
step.
Ultimately, for the promises of the
new digital media to be positively
realized, supports for ethical
participation—indeed for the
creation of “ethical minds”—must
emerge. (Carrie James et al., 2009,
p. 9).
42. References
James, Carrie, Davis, Katie, Flores,
Andrea,
Francis, John, Pettingill, Linsay,
Rundle, Margaret, and Gardner,
Howard. (2009). Young People, Ethics,
and the New Digital Media.
Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.