The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dental Esthetics include the use of bonded ceramic veneers and laminates. This presentation helps to understand various concepts relating to the preparation and utility of such restorations. - Dr. Abhishek John Samuel, MDS (Endodontics)
Dental Esthetics include the use of bonded ceramic veneers and laminates. This presentation helps to understand various concepts relating to the preparation and utility of such restorations. - Dr. Abhishek John Samuel, MDS (Endodontics)
Post & core /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Aesthetic Anterior Composite - A Simple TechniqueCHAULONG NGUYEN
Aesthetic Anterior Composite: A Simple Technique - Prepared & Presented by Dr. ChauLong T. Nguyen, DDS, MAGD, AF AAID at the AGD Annual Meeting on June 7, 2018
Laminate veneers by student at faculty of oral and dental medcine Ahram canad...Menna-Allah Ashraf
this document will supply you with all you need to know about laminate veneers :
1) Advantages and disadvantages of laminate veneers.
2) Indications and contraindications of laminate veneers
3) Types of laminate veneer and their advantages and disadvantages.
4) Porcelain laminate veneers : features and preparations.
5) lumineers
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Evolution of all ceramics&recent advances (2)/ dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Porcelain fracture in the patient mouth is areal frustration for both the patient and the dentist, a review of the causes of this problem, whether are technical or clinical, is done. However, it is considered as a frequent problem in the dental office, a review of the different option for managing this dilemma is exposed.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Provisional restorations finalised /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Post & core /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Aesthetic Anterior Composite - A Simple TechniqueCHAULONG NGUYEN
Aesthetic Anterior Composite: A Simple Technique - Prepared & Presented by Dr. ChauLong T. Nguyen, DDS, MAGD, AF AAID at the AGD Annual Meeting on June 7, 2018
Laminate veneers by student at faculty of oral and dental medcine Ahram canad...Menna-Allah Ashraf
this document will supply you with all you need to know about laminate veneers :
1) Advantages and disadvantages of laminate veneers.
2) Indications and contraindications of laminate veneers
3) Types of laminate veneer and their advantages and disadvantages.
4) Porcelain laminate veneers : features and preparations.
5) lumineers
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Evolution of all ceramics&recent advances (2)/ dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Porcelain fracture in the patient mouth is areal frustration for both the patient and the dentist, a review of the causes of this problem, whether are technical or clinical, is done. However, it is considered as a frequent problem in the dental office, a review of the different option for managing this dilemma is exposed.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Provisional restorations finalised /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Dicor and cerestore /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Wax patterns in FPD /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Dental ceramics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats
Dental all ceramic restorations /orthodontic straight wire techniqueIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
Dental ceramics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dental Ceramic in Conservative Dentistry and EndodonticsSNISHAMG
Detailed description on classification of dental ceramic,composition,advantages,disadvanatages,all ceramic system,CAD-CAM,fabrication of porcelain inlay
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Recent advances in Dental ceramics / dental implant courses in indiaIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
dental ceramics silicate ceramics and oxidceramics/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Die materials /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indirect resins / certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses
in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Metal free ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to all ceramic crowns /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. All ceramic systems
Stronger materials that involve better fabricating
techniques.
Can be etched and bonded to the underlying
tooth structure with newer dentin adhesives.
Greater tooth reduction than what was previously
used for PJC’s is carried out
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Classification of all ceramic systems.
Processing technique and the major crystalline phase.
Sintered Porcelains.
Glass Ceramics.
Machinable Ceramics
Slip Cast ceramics
Hot pressed injection molded
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4. Leucite- reinforced feldspathic porcelain:
Optec HSP
Aluminous based porcelain( Pt foil):
Vitadur- N TM core
Alumina based porcelain: Hi ceram
Magnesia based feldspathic
porcelain( Experimental)
Zirconia based porcelain: Mirage II
Hydrothermal low fusing Ceramics:
Duceram LFC.
Sintered Porcelains
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5. Mica based: Dicor
Hydroxyapatite based: Cerapearl
Lithia based: Experimental.
Glass Ceramics.
Machinable
ceramics.
Cerec system
Celay system
Procera system
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7. Mc Lean and Hughes in 1965.
Vitadur N Core( Vident, Baldwin Park, CA)
123 Mpa
Alumina:
High modulus of elasticity( 350 Gpa)
High fracture toughness( 3.5 to 4 Mpa).
Dispersion in a glassy matrix of similar CTE .
Significant strengthening of the core.
Core was baked on a platinum foil.
Later veneered with matched expansion
porcelain.
Aluminous based Porcelain( Pt foil)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Hi- Ceram( Vident, Baldwin Park, CA).
139 Mpa( compared to 65 Mpa).
Alumina.
directly baked on the refractory die.
Aluminous core porcelain( Directly on the refractory die)
Reduce the surface area of
the matrix where microcracks
form.
Crack stoppers preventing
propogation of crack.
Alumina crystals:
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9. Why Alumina?
Good Mechanical properties.
Similar CTE and MOE.
Interfacial region between alumina and
porcelain virtually stress free.
Crystals rather than fine powdered alumina used.
Advantages of aluminous porcelains:
Increased flexural strength,
Increased elasticity and toughness.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Poor esthetics ( Used as a core only).
Extensive reduction, dentin preparation.
Bonding is limited.
High failure rates.
Porcelain used for veneering in PFM cant be
used with aluminous core porcelain:
CTE Alumina core: 8x 10-6/0C
requires similar low expansion veneer
porcelain.
CTE Veneering porcelain for PFM: 13 x 10-6/0C
Extensive cracking results upon bonding these
materials owing to thermal stresses.
Disadvantages of Aluminous porcelain
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11. Leucite reinforced feldspathic Porcelain:
Optec HSP( Jeneric/ Pentron)
Feldspathic porcelain with 45% vol tetragonal leucite.
Higher modulus of rupture and compressive strength.
Does not require core unlike aluminous PJC.
Leucite and glass fuse together at 10200
C.
Large thermal contraction mismatch:
leucite ( 22- 25x10-6/0C)
glassy matrix( 8x10-6/0C)
To overcome this:
K ions-> Ru and Ce ions.
Formation of sanidine after heat treatment:705 to 980
0C
K
Ru, Ce
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12. Lack of metal or opaque substructure,
Good translucency compared to alumina crowns.
Moderate flexural strength( 146 Mpa),
Ability to be used without special laboratory
equipment.
Can be etched.
Advantages:
Disadvantages: Marginal inaccuracy caused by sintering
shrinkage.
Potential to fracture in posterior teeth.
Increased leucite content :relatively high invitro
wear of opposing teeth.
Requires a special die material.
Uses:
Leucite reinforced Feldspathic Porcelain.
Inlays, onlays, crowns for low stress areas and veneers
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13. O’Brien. Experimental. 1985.
High expansion core material.
CTE :magnesia 13.5 x10-6/0
C.
Dispersion strengthening by the magnesia crystals
in a vitreous matrix.
Crystallization within the matrix.( Precipitation of
fosterite crystals.)
Magnesia based core ceramic
Hexagonal close
packed structure
( Alumina)
Face centered
cubic
lattice( Magnesi
a)
Strengthening:
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14. Magnesia based core porcelain
Advantages High CTE:
Same body and enamel porcelains used for PFM
crowns can be used for all ceramic
Flexural strength of magnesia core :131 Mpa
Twice as high as feldspathic porcelain( 65 Mpa).
Esthetics superior to PFM.
Disadvantages
Not used for fixed partial dentures.
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15. Mirage II( Myron International, Kansas City).
Conventional feldspathic porcelain
Tetragonal Zirconia fibers
Zirconia based feldspathic porcelains
( Sintered.)
Monoclinic state
4.7%
Tetragonal
Mechanism of
strengthening
Cystallographic
transformation 1173 0C
CaO, MgO, Y205
and CeO
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16. Zirconia based feldspathic porcelains.
Yttria stabilized Zirconia:
Fracture toughness
Thermal shock resistance Î
Properties such as translucency and fusion
temperature can be adversely affected.
Advantages
Disadvantages:
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17. Hydrothermal Porcelains
Non feldspathic composition that forms a
plasticized surface layer when hydrated.
Surface hardness
Flexural strength
Plastic nature of the hydrated surface
Allows for deformation of surface flaws
Prevents them from propogating through the
bulk.
Duceram
LFC
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18. Good flexural strength (110 MPa) and
fracture toughness
Greater density
Low hardness – less abrasive
Needs special die material
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Hydrothermal Porcelains
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19. SD Stookey at Corning glass works.
Mc Culloch WT in 1968.
Dicor
Corning Glass Works
Denstply international.
Adair and Grossman :Dicor.
Sumiya Hobo and Kyocera Bioceram:Cerapearl
Glass.
Heat treatment- Partial devitrification.
Crystals: Needles or plates.
Glass ceramic: Is a ceramic consisting of a
glass matrix phase and at least one crystal
phase that is produced by the controlled
crystallization of the glass.
Glass Ceramic
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20. Heat treatment that causes microscopic plate like
crystals of crystalline material to grow within the
glass.
Ceramming
Crystal Nucleation.
Crystal Growth.
Nucleating
Agents
Metallic colloids.
Liquid phase separation.
Halides
Sulphides.
Glass ceramics
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22. Method of fabrication of castable glass ceramic
Phosphate bonded
investment.
Wax burn out and heat
soak 950 0
C
Centrifugal casting of molten
ceramic 13500
C.
Reinvest in leucite based gypsum bonded investmentwww.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Heat
treatment
Fabrication castable glass ceramic
10750
C for 10
hours
Reduced translucency.
Increased strength
Veneering
porcelain
Dicor Plus: Pigmented feldspathic porcelain
Willi’s Glass: A veneer of Vitadur N aluminous
porcln..
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24. Mica based glass ceramics.
Dicor 55% vol of tetrasilicic flouramica crystals
increased strength and toughness
increased resistance to abrasion
thermal shock resistance
chemical durability
decreased translucency
Nucleating agents: Flouride.
House of cards: Microstructure.
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25. Difference between Dicor and Dicor
MGC.
Dicor Dicor MGC
55%vol of tetrasilicic
fluoramica crystals.
70% vol of tetrasilicic
flouramica crystals which are
2 µm in diameter
Crystallization done by the
technician.
Higher quality product that is
crystallized by the
manufacturer and provided
as cadcam blanks or ingots.
Mechanical properties
similar.
Less translucent than Dicor.
Passage of light depends on:
Crystal size.
Difference in refractive index between glass matrix and crystal.
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26. Improved esthetics: Chamaleon effect.
Uniformity and purity of the material.
Minimal processing shrinkage.
Good fit.
Low CTE equal to that of the tooth structure.
Minimal abrasiveness to the tooth structure.
Radioopacity like dentin.
Inherent resistance to plaque accumulation
( Seven times less than on natural teeth.)
Moderately high flexural strength.(152 MPa)
Advantages of Dicor:
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27. Disadvantages of DICOR
Low tensile strength.
Inability to be colored internally
The colorant stains may be lost during occlusal
adjustment.
Chances of losing the low fusing feldspathic
porcelain which are applied for good shade
matching.
Labour intensive
High cost
Recently
discontinued
Inlays, Onlays,Complete crowns ,partial tooth coverageIndications www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Hydroxyapatite based castable glass
ceramics: Cerapearl.
Sumiya Hobo and Kyocera Bioceram group of
Kyoto City, Japan .
Castable glass ceramic :CaO- P205- MgO-Si O2
Cerapearl
Oxyapatite
Hydroxyapatite
Moisture
Enamel
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29. Properties of Cerapearl
Melts at 14600
C and flows like a melting glass.
CTE small enough to obtain accurate castings.
The cast material has an amorphous
microstructure when reheated at 8700
C forms
crystalline HA.
Biocompatible: Crystalline structure similar to
enamel.
Enamel: Regular arrangement.
Cerapearl: Irregular arrangement.
Hence same crystal components but superior
mechanical strength.
Modulus of rupture :150 Mpa.
Enamel
Cerapearl
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30. Procedure for Cerapearl
Crowns thicker than metal ceramic because of poor flexural
characteristics.
Tooth
preparation 2mm: occlusal reduction
1.5 mm: axial reduction.
1.2 mm on the margin.
Heavy chamfer or shoulder finish line.
All sharp edges should be rounded.
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31. Procedure for Cerapearl
Waxing A full arch impression is made.
Working cast fabricated with Type IV stone.
Dowel pins are employed.
Die spacer of 25μm is applied on the die
except within 1 mm of the finish line
Wax pattern is fabricated.
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32. Casting
Procedure for Cerapearl
Wax sprue 2.5 mm in diameter and 35 mm long.
is attached to the thick portion of the wax
pattern. Other end :orifice of the ceramic
crucible.
A spl. phosphate bonded high heat investment
Investment exhibits the same CTE as Cerapearl’s
casting shrinkage( 0.53%).
The sprued wax pattern is located inside
preformed silicone form used for fabrication of
ringless investment mold and investment is
poured.
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33. Burnout procedure for cerapearl.
Temperature less than 1000
C for 30 min.
Temperature is raised to 5000
C ,next 30 min.
Temperature is held at 8000
C for 30 min.
Electric oven
Ringless investment mold with
ceramic crucible on the top
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34. Casting of cerapearl
Investment mold is transferred to a
specially designed casting machine.
8-10 g of raw Cerapearl is placed in
the ceramic crucible,
Melted under vacuum at 14600
C and
cast into the mold.
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35. Crystallization of Cerapearl.
Started at 7500
C ,maintained for 15 min.
Temperature is then raised 500
C per min until
it reaches 8700
C and then held for one hour.
The apatite crystals would have occurred
during the process.
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36. Trial insertion:Cerapearl.
Investment mold is removed from the
oven and cooled to room temperature.
Air abrading with 20 μ alumina oxide of
the casting.
The sprue is cut and polishing is done.
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37. Staining and glazing:
Cerapearl is very white compared to enamel
Requires application of an external stain.
Cerastain by
Bioceram
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38. Bonding to the tooth structure:
Similar in structure to enamel and GIC will
adhere.
Activation Process by which the casting is mechanically
and chemically treated to bond to the tooth
structure.
Mechanical Air abrasion.
Chemical UHK 001 activator solution
Once bonded, cerapearl is extremely strong.
Currently in research phase, not commercially available.
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39. Bioactive glass.
Hench et al :20 years.
Bioactivity
Characteristic of the material to form bond
with the living tissue.
Implants and implantable products such as
DPC material.
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40. Pressable ceramics.
Leucite based: Wohlwend et al 1989
IPS Empress and Optec OPC.
IPS Empress
Glass ceramic based on the leucite system.
Subjected to bulk crystallization.
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41. Lack of metal.
Translucent ceramic core
Moderately high flexural strength
Excellent fit
Excellent esthetics.( Translucence, flouroscence and
opalescence)
Minimal shrinkage:
only shrinkage that occurs is during cooling, that
can be controlled with an investment having an
appropriate expansion.
IPS Empress
Advantages:
Disadvantages
Potential to fracture in the posterior areas.
Need to use resin cement to bond the crown
micromechanically to the tooth structure.
Expensive equipment.
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42. Laboratory procedure for IPS Empress
lost wax technique
material is pressed into the mold under pressure,
not centrifugally driven
Wax pattern
fabrication
Investment in phosphate
bonded investment
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43. IPS Empress
Burn out procedure.
Specialized mold – Alumina
plunger.
Ceramic ingot is placed under the
plunger.
Entire assembly heated to 11500
c.
Plunger presses the molten
ceramic into the mold.
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44. Final surface of the restoration: Stain/ veneer
IPS Empress.
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45. IPS Empress Leucite containing glass ceramic that
contains about 35% volume of leucite crystals.
The veneering ceramic also contains leucite
crystals in a glass matrix.
Anterior crowns, veneers, inlays.
IPS Empress II Core :Lithia disilicate crystals in a glass matrix
Veneering ceramic: contains apatite crystals.
All ceramic bridges
Anterior and posterior crowns.
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46. IPS Empress II
70% vol of elongated Lithia
disilicate crystals
Crystal size: of 0.5 to 4 μm
Small interlocking plate like
crystals that are randomly
oriented
A second crystalline phase :lithium orthophosphate
(Li3PO4) of a much lower volume, also present
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47. Property IPS Empress IPS Empress II
Core ceramic Glass ceramic with 35% vol of
leucite crystals.
Glass ceramic with 70%
vol of lithium disilicate
crystals.Lithium
orthophosphate in
much lower
concentrations.
Veneering
ceramic
Also contain leucite crystals in
glass matrix
Contains apatite
crystals which causes
light scattering similar to
tooth structure.
Processing
temperature
11800
C 9200
C
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48. Property IPS Empress IPS Empress II
Flexural strength 112±10Mpa 400±40
Fracture
toughness MPa/
m1/2
1.3±0.1 3.3±0.3
Thermal
Expansion
coefficient(ppm/
0
C)
15±0.25 10.6±0.25
Veneering
temperature
9100
C 8000
C
Chemical
durability(μg/
cm2
100-200 50
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49. Empress Eris
Leucite core ceramic is identical to the
veneering ceramic
Empress I
Empress II CTE of core ceramic is 10.6 ppm/0
C, hence a
compatible layering ceramic was to be
developed.
Empress Eris Apatite glass ceramic.
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50. Low firing temperature: Superior
compatibility with lithium disilicate.
Apatite crystals influence translucency,
brightness and light scattering ability of
layering ceramics.
Empress Eris
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52. Broader ingot shade
range.
Greater homogeneity.
Greater density.
Greater flexural strength.
Chameleon effect.
Natural translucency and
fluorescence
Excellent press results.
Same processing and
pressing temperature
1075/1967 0
C as that of
staining technique
Empress esthetic
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53. OPC and OPC3G
Optimal pressable ceramic.
OPC: Similar to IPS Empress, Leucite
containing.
OPC3G: Similar to IPS Empress2, lithium
disilicate.
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54. Spinel based pressed ceramic
Non shrink
ceramic
Alumina and magnesium oxide
Magnesium aluminate spinel( Higher volume)
Cerestore
Method of
fabrication
Wax pattern.
Investing.
Mold formation.
A mixture of alumina, wax, silicone resin,
magnesia and glass is then heated to allow
flow and injected into the mold
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55. Cerestore method of fabrication.
A series of reactions between the main
oxide components.
Formation of spinel( Magnesium aluminate.
Volume expansion associated with spinel
formation compensates for shrinkage during
firing.)
Advantage
of Cerestore Excellent fit of the restoration.
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56. Disadvantage of Shrinkfree
Cerestore
Much higher crystalline content than
Aluminous porcelain, but no significant
difference in strength.
Cerestore microstructure Fit surface shows rough
unideal surface.
Porosity
Alceram( Innotek Dental Corp, Lakewood.)
Injection molded tech- Magnesium spinel
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57. Slip Cast Ceramics:(Glass infiltrated
Ceramics)
Is a process used to form “green” ceramic
shapes by applying a slurry of ceramic
particles and water or a special liquid to form
a porous substrate( such as die material),
thereby allowing capillary action to remove
water and densify the mass of deposited
particles.
refers to an as- pressed condition before
sintering.
Slip Casting:
Green state:
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58. Ceramic core formed onto a
refractory die from a fine slurry of
alumina powder
die has dried, it is sintered for 10
hours at 1120°C.
Solid phase sintering alone occurs,
No liquid phase sintering.( High
melting range of alumina.)
Slip casting.
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59. Coping thus created held together
only at contact points.
Porous structure:6-10Mpa.
Infiltrated with a ( low viscosity)
lanthanum glass to form a dense
ceramic.
Veneering with conventional
feldspathic porcelain.
Slip casting.
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60. In ceram Alumina
In ceram Spinell
In ceram Zirconia
In ceram Sprint
In ceram 2000:
In ceram 2000AL Cubes( Pure aluminium oxide cubes
In ceram 2000YZ Cubes( Pure zirconium oxide cubes)
In ceram family:
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62. In ceram alumina
70% weight of
alumina
30% sodium
lanthanum glass.
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63. In Ceram Spinell
More translucent than ICA.
Less flexural strength.
Adjacent teeth translucent
Porous
Infiltrated www.indiandentalacademy.com
64. In Ceram Zirconia
70% weight of alumina and 30% wt of
zirconia.
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65. In- Ceram Sprint
“The time saving system”
Provides for rapid production of alumina
crown copings.
The furnace firing time dramatically
reduced compared with the conventional
firing method
A conventional firing method can be used
but it must be capable of holding a
temperature of 11200
C for 40 min.
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66. In Ceram 2000
In- Ceram
2000 AL
Indications:
Anterior and Posterior crowns
Three unit anterior bridges
Inner part of telescopic crowns for optimum
esthetics.
In ceram
2000YZ
Ceramic Steel.
Flexural strength of more than 900
Mpa
Delicate framework- more room for
creativity.
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67. In- Vizion All ceramics( Vident )
Proven strength of VITA YZ
ceramic frameworks.
Highly esthetic properties of
VITA VM9 veneering material.
Indications:
Long span bridges.
Anterior and posterior
crowns.
Anterior and posterior
bridges.
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68. Inner surface of the core alumina rather than silica,
no coupling agents effectively bond the core to resins.
These high strength cores cannot be resin bonded to
the tooth structure.
Bonding to the tooth structure:
Techniques for improving bonding of the high strength core
Sadoun and
Asmussen(1994):
Creation of a roughened surface by application
of fine grained silica to the Inceram core.
Kern and
Thompson(1994):
Applied silica coatings by a thermal process
and a tribochemical process to enhance
bondingwww.indiandentalacademy.com
69. Occlusal reduction = 2 mm
Axial reduction = 1.5 mm
Heavy chamfer = 1.2 mm
Sufficient thickness and height of connector
4mm height
Large gingival radius of curvature
Preparation for glass infiltrated
ceramics.
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70. High flexural strength and fracture
toughness.
Good marginal adaptation because of
decreased shrinkage.
Esthetics.
Biocompatibility.
Track record of 5-10 years.
Ability to be used with conventional luting
cements.
Advantages of the glass infiltrated
systems:
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71. Opaque gingival collar.
Minimum core thickness of 0.5 mm.
No etching/ bonding.
Technique sensitive
High cost.
Disadvantages of glass infiltrated systems.
If functionally appropriate design of the
restoration is not ensured:
Insufficient hard tooth substance.
Inadequate preparation results.
Bruxism.
Severe discoloration of prepared teeth.
Contraindications
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77. Pure alumina core
Increased strength
Superior translucency compared to the glass
infiltrated systems
Techceram
0.1 to 1 mm alumina core base layer is
produced using a thermal spray technique
density of 80% to 90% .
Optimum strength and translucency are
achieved by a sintering process at 11700
C
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78. Advantages of TechCeram:
The range of base layer thickness make
this technique versatile.
Inner fitting surface is rough on the
microscale.
Does not require etching or silane
bonding
Procera Allceram Discussed later
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79. CADCAM Blocks
Ceramic
block
Ceramic type Ceramic
veneer
Indications Manufacturer
ZrO2
based
Cercon Base Presintered
ZrO2,
post
sintered after
milling.
Cercon
Ceram S
Crowns and
FPDs
Dentsply
Ceramco.
Lava Frame ZrO2,
Presintered
and post
sintered
Lava Ceram Crowns and
FPDs
3M, ESPE.
DC-Zirkon ZrO2
Vitadur D
Triceram
Crowns and
FPDs
DCS
Dental/Vita
Vitablocs
zirconia
ZrO2
Vitadur alpha Crowns and
FPDs
Vident
Denzir ZrO2
Empress2 Crowns and
FPDs
Decim/
Ivoclar
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80. Ceramic block Ceramic
type
Ceramic
veneer
Indications Manufactur
er
DC- Kristall Triceram Crowns DCS
Dental/ Vita
ProCad Maltechnik Veneers,
inlays,
onlays and
crowns.
Ivoclar
Aluminium oxide based
Procera AllCeram Al2
03
All Ceram Crowns and
FPDs
Nobel
Biocare
Synthoceram Al2
03
Sintagon Crowns Elephant
Vitablocks Alumina Al2
03
Vitadur
alpha
Crowns and
FPDs
Vident
Vitablocks Spinell Al2
03
Vitadur
alpha
Crowns Vident
Leucite based.
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81. Feldspathic porcelain
Vitablocs
Mark II
Maltechnik Veneers,
inlays ,
onlays and
crowns.
Vident
Ceramic
block
Ceramic
type
Ceramic
veneer
Indications Manufacturer
Vitablocs Mark II has fine grain sized feldspathic porcelain.
Produces less abrasive wear than Vitablocs Mark I
Strength has been increased from 93 to 152 Mpa.
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83. Copy Milling sytems:
Milling a restoration from ceramic.
Celay ( Mikrona , Switzerland) 1991
Ceromatic II
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84. Celay
Dr. Stephen T Eidenberg, at the University of Zurich 1991.
manually controlled rather than computer controlled
Proinlay
A hand operated contacting probe traces
the external contour of an acrylic or wax inlay,
previously fabricated directly in the mouth
Proinlay is then copied using a scanning tool
or micropalpation method.
Final restoration is then milled from the
ceramic block.( Feldspathic or aluminium
oxide). Stains and glazes.
Milling time:
20-30 min.
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85. Celay
Advantages
A precisely fitting ceramic restoration
can be developed in one patient
session.
It can be developed without the need
for laboratory technician
Disadvantage
Difficulty in producing accurate
proinlay.
Labor intensive.
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86. The system uses cerec vita blocs.
Proinlay is produced in the patient’s mouth or model.
Fixed on the scanning side of the machine.
The scanning and machining is executed
simultaneously and fully automatically.
Ceramatic II: Automated copy milling system:
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87. Erosion method
Ultrasonic/ Sono erosion( DFE, Erosonic)
a metal based negative form of the interior
and exterior contours of the restoration.
intensive copper plating of the impression
by wax moulding and casting
Sonotrodes are fitted together and guided
into a ceramic blank after connecting to an
ultrasonic generator under slight pressure.
The ceramic blank is surrounded by an
abrasive suspension of hard particles such as
boron carbide.
On acceleration by ultrasonics erodes the
restoration of the ceramic block .www.indiandentalacademy.com
88. Procera ( Nobel Biocare)
1987 by Anderson and Nobel Biocare, Goteborg, Sweden
Procera AllTitan
Titanium substructure.
Low fusing porcelain.
Procera
Allceram Densely sintered, high purity aluminium
oxide coping.
Low fusing AllCeram veneering porcelains.
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89. Preparation for Procera
2mm occlusal or incisal
1.5 mm axial.
distinct chamfer shoulder and rounded line angles.
Preparation
Impresssion- Die
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90. Computer controlled design station in the dental lab
Dentist
Procera Sandvik, Stockholm
Procera
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92. Computer controlled design
station in dental laboratory
Scanning tool with a
sapphire ball.
50,000 data points to get a
3D image which is modified.
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93. Stockholm, Sweden:
Enlarge the model by 20% and coping
fabricated.( Pure alumina)
Sent back to the lab.
Veneering by the technician.
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94. Advantages :
Procera
High flexural strength.(500-700Mpa)
High hardness.
Good marginal fit.
More translucent than infiltrated ceramics.
Disadvantages
Procera
Cannot be etched.
Requires special equipment and computer software.
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95. Systems using Yttrium stabilized Zirconia
CERCON( DeguDent, Dentsply
International).
DCS- President(DCS Production, Allschwill,
Switzerland).
Lava( 3M ESPE, Germany)
CERCON ( DeguDent, Dentsply International)
Cercon brain:
Milling and Scanning of
the wax pattern.
Classic mode.
Art Mode.
Unsintered
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96. Advantages of using partially sintered YTZP:
Decreased milling time.
Reduces the wear of the milling components.
Reduces the potential for inclusion of material
defects throughout the milling procedure
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97. LAVA and DCS President
Fully sintered blocks.
Other
systems:
Cicero( Computer integrated ceramic
reconstruction).
Sopha( Designed by Duret)
DentiCAD( BEGO, Bremen, Germany and
DentiCAD, USA
Non contact optical
scanner Lava milling unit LAVA THERM
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98. CEREC
Professor W Mormann and Dr. M Brandestini in 1980
at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Only commercially available chairside dental
CAD/CAM system.
1985: The first patients were treated
1988: CEREC 1( Brains, Zurich, Switzerland)
1994: CEREC 2( Siemens, Benshelm, Germany)
2000: CEREC 3( Sirona, Bensheim, Germany)
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99. Fabrication of simple inlays.
Substraction fabrication method of
preformed ceramic blocks.
Very sharp internal angles of the
restorations could not be administered.
Large grinding wheels associated with the
original CEREC system.
The occlusal surface cannot be fabricated
with CEREC 1.
CEREC1
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100. CEREC 2
CEREC2 was significantly improved.
Addition of a further cylindrical grinder
Allowing the addition of occlusal pits
and fissures.
Concave and biconvex contouring of
veneers.
Occlusal surface can be ground with
CEREC2
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101. CEREC 3
Radiocontrolled operating
system whereby the design and
milling chamber units can be
deployed separately.
Data acquisition and milling
to be carried out
simultaneously.
The milling unit of CEREC 3 is
also equipped with laser
scanner
A cylindrical floor and wall and a tapered cylindrical rotary
diamond milling tool( coated with 64 µm-grit diamonds.
The angle of taper, which is 450
, which is used to shape the
occlusal surface of the restoration.
Simplifies occlusal and functional registrationwww.indiandentalacademy.com
102. Simplifies occlusal and functional registration
Provides a more flexible and detailed milling procedure
than its predecessors.
Separate Acquisition Chairline
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103. CEREC 3D
latest version.
allows a 3D view of the preparation and
proposed restoration.
“ Self Adjusting Crown”
automated occlusion tool.
Antagonist mode.
Superior marginal fit.
Precise Proximal
Contacts.
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110. Ormocers
Organically modified ceramics or Ormosils.
Light cured organic and inorganic copolymers.
Methacrylate substituted alkosilanes.
Silica filler is organically modified by adding
methacrylate groups .
Mol Wt: 2000-20,000( BisGMA 500)
Admira and Definite
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111. Advantages:
Low shrinkage due to high molecular wt.
1.88%
Good abrasion resistance
Fluoride release
Good esthetics
Condensable
Biocompatible.
Uses:
Fillings in anterior and posterior regions
Ormocers
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112. Ceromers
Ceramic optimized polymer (light cured)
optimized chemical process and an
optimize curing process
highly dispersed micro hybrid composite
based on mouldable ceramic
Class I and II posterior restorations.
Class III and IV anterior restorations.
Class V restorations
Inlays/onlays with extraoral post-
tempering .
Repair of composites.
Tetric Ceram
Indications
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113. Targis( Ivoclar vivadent)
Composition:
75-85 weight % of Inorganic filler
Ceramic particle
Organic matrix
Indications of (Targis)
Metal-free bridges with Vectris fmwk
Metal-free single posterior crowns with
Vectris fmwk
Metal-reinforced crown, bridge, and
implant veneers
Metal-free anterior crowns
Metal-free inlays,onlays, veneers
Metal-reinforced combination dentures
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114. Contraindications:
•Metal-free bridges with more than one pontic
between two abutment teeth
Good wear resistance
Good strength
Easily contoured without slumping
Adhesive bonding
Fluoride release (Tetric Ceram)
Advantages
Ceromers
Disadvantages
Ceromers
Needs complete isolation
Cannot be used in very high stress
regions
Preferably supragingival margins
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115. Hybrid ceramics
Hahn ;new ceramic material which is a hybrid
between organic and inorganic components
Organic and inorganic components
Polyvinyl siloxane 50 vol%
Titanium( active filler 1µm) 30%
Inert filler (Al2O3) 15%
Titanium boride 5%
Handled like composite and cured.
Heat treatment at 1150ºC for 6 hrs in N2
atmosphere.
Few minutes in O2 for surface treatment
Organic and
inorganic
components
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116. LUMINEERS
No prep technique.
Slightly stained, discolored, chipped,
maligned teeth without removal of
tooth structure.
Bonded to the enamel.
0.3 to 0.5 mm.
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117. Material Product Modulus of
Rupture
Reinforcing
Component
Aluminous
Core( Pt foil)
Vitadur N Core 123Mpa Alumina
Aluminous core Hi Ceram
( Vident)
139Mpa Alumina
Leucite reinforced
feldspathic
Optec HSP
(Pentron)
104Mpa Leucite
Magnesia based
feldspathic porcelain
Experimental 269Mpa Forsterite
Zirconia based
porcelain
Mirage II
( Myron
International)
70Mpa Zirconia fibers
Mica glass Ceramic Dicor( Denstply
International)
125Mpa Tetrasilicic
flourmica
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118. Material Product Modulus of
Rupture
Reinforcing
Component
Hydroxyapatite
Glass ceramic
Cerapearl
( Kyocera)
150 Mpa Hydroxyapatite
Lithia based
Glass ceramic
Experimental 188 Mpa Lithium disilicate
Machinable
glass Ceramic
Dicor MGC 229 Mpa Tetrasilicic
fluormica
Machinable
ceramic
Vita Mark II 122 Mpa Sanidine
Slip cast
alumina
In Ceram 446 Alumina
Slip Cast
alumina
In Ceram
Spinell
378 Spinell
Slip Cast
alumina
In Ceram
zirconai
604 Zirconia
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120. Processin
g
method
Sintered Cast/Cer
ammed
Presinter
ed/
Milled/
Postsinte
red
Enlarged
die and
sintered
Hot
pressed
Sintered
and
glass
infiltrate
d
CADCAM
Type of
construc
tion
Metal
ceramic
Ceramic Ceramic Ceramic Ceramic Ceramic Ceramic
Indicatio
ns
Anterior
and
posterior
crowns
and
FPDs
Anterior
and
posterior
crowns
Anterior
and
posterior
crowns
and
FPDs
Anterior
and
posterior
crowns
Leucite
reinforce
d:
Anterior
and
posterior
crowns.
Lithia
disilicate
reinforce
d:
Premolar
FPDs.
Spinell:
Anterior
crowns.
Alumina:
Anterior
and
posterior
crowns
and
anterior
3 unit
FPDs.
Zirconia
core:
Posterior
crowns
and
posterior
FPDs.
Anterior and
posterior
crowns and
FPDs
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121. Processin
g method
Sintered Cast/Cer
ammed
Presintered/
Milled/
Postsintered
Enlarge
d die
and
sintered
Hot
pressed
Sintered
and glass
infiltrated
CADCAM
Margin
quality
Poor
margins
Good
margins
Fair to good
margins.
Fair to
good
margins.
Good to
excellen
t
margins
Fair to
good
margins
Fair to good
margins
Appeara
nce
Opaque Translucen
t
Opaque Opaqu
e
Slightly
transluc
ent
Opaque Slightly
translucent to
Translucent
Relative
strength
Weak Weak Very strong Strong Modera
tely
strong
Moderately
to Very
strong
Moderately
strong.
Relative
toughnes
s
low low Very high High Modera
tely high
Moderately
high to very
high
Low to high
Acid
etchabilit
y
Etchable Etchable No No Etchabl
e
Not
indicated
Etchable
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123. Major
drawb
acks
Weak
and
Unsuitabl
e
as a core
for full
ceramic
crowns or
FPDs
No
products
are
currently
available
Tends to
appear
too
opaque if
tooth
reduction
is
Inadequa
te,
not
etchable
Tends to
appear
too
opaque if
tooth
reduction
is
inadequa
te,
not
etchable
Leucite
reinforced
type
not
indicated
for FPDs,
Lithia
disilicate
type
limited to
crowns
and 3 unit
FPDs
extending
o 2nd
premolar;
requires
large
connectr
All, but
spinel
type
tends to
look too
opaque if
tooth
reduction
is
inadequa
te
Requires
a uniform
light-
reflecting
powder
deposit to
ensure
adequate
image
quality
Sintered
Cast/Cer
ammed
Presintere
d/
Milled/
Postsinter
ed
Enlarge
d die
and
sintered
Hot
pressed
CADCAMSintered
and glass
infiltrated
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125. Smoothest surface : least wear and damage to the
opposing surfaces.
Polishing or polishing followed by glazing
Polishing is preferred over glazing as a procedure to
reduce abrasion damage of the enamel.
Ceramic surfaces should be refinished periodically
after acid exposure, especially APF.
Shofu porcelain polishing kit followed with diamond
paste.
Soflex disks without a diamond paste with water
coolant.
The diamond paste is applied to the ceramic surface
using a Robinson Wheel Brush or a felt wheel.
Reducing abrasiveness of Ceramics by polishing
and grinding:
Polishing
systems:
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126. Ensure cuspid guided disclusion.
Eliminate occlusal prematurities.
Use metal in functional bruxing areas.
If occlusion in ceramic, use ultralow fusing ceramics.
Polish functional ceramic surfaces.
Repolish ceramic surfaces periodically.
Readjust occlusion periodically if needed.
Guidelines for minimizing wear of enamel by
dental ceramic:
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127. Bonding of Ceramic Prosthesis
Of their ability to reduce fracture of the ceramic
structures.
Because of the range of shades available to
produce an optimal esthetic appearance.
Etched with hydrofluoric acid( 7.5-10%) :
micromechanical bonding.
It is treated with a silane coupling agent to
improve the chemical bonding between the resin
and ceramic.
high density porcelains cannot be etched.
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129. “united the qualities of beauty, solidity and comfort to the exigencies of
hygiene.”
Thank you….
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Editor's Notes
The mica crystals in dicor are highly interlocked within the glass matrix, achieving a “ house of cards” microstructure. The interlocking of crystals is key to resistance to fracture.
Improved esthetics( Because of the chameleon effect, where part of the color of the restoration is picked up from the adjacent teeth as well as from the tinted cements used for luting the restorations.) Minimal abrasiveness to the tooth structure. because the hardness and wear properties are close to that of enamel.
Veneering technique:
In the veneering technique, the original wax up is cut back by 0.3 mm. After moulding and baking have been carried out, the feldspathic porcelains are added on the surface to obtain full contour and the correct shade.
In some cases, the pressed core itself is grounded to produce a core, which represents the dentin onto which incisal porcelain and glaze are added.
This is ideal from the point of view of strength because the needle-like crystals cause cracks to deflect, branch or blunt; thus, the propagation of cracks through this material is arrested