Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Dental ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of ceramics used in fixed prosthodontics. It discusses various types of ceramics including glass ceramics, glass infiltrated mixtures, and polycrystalline ceramics. Examples mentioned include lithium disilicate, zirconia, and alumina. The document reviews clinical indications and uses of different ceramics, as well as case considerations, preparation designs, and causes of failure. An outline is provided of the topics to be covered in the presentation on ceramics in dental practice.
This document provides a detailed history and overview of dental ceramics. It discusses the origins and composition of different types of ceramics used in dentistry like feldspathic porcelain, leucite-reinforced porcelain, and aluminous porcelain. The document also outlines the various methods used to classify and fabricate dental ceramics, including processes like condensation and sintering, casting and ceramming, machining, pressure molding, and glass infiltration. Key developments in the history of using ceramics in dentistry are highlighted from the 1700s to present day.
This presentation is all about restoration of endodontically treated teeth, prefabricated post and core, cast post and core, direct and indirect technique.
This document provides an overview of all-ceramic restorations, focusing on zirconium dioxide and lithium disilicate. It discusses the properties, indications, advantages and disadvantages of each material. It also covers tooth preparation techniques, laboratory fabrication methods, and cementation protocols for all-ceramic restorations. Zirconium dioxide has excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility, while lithium disilicate has higher translucency making it suitable for anterior teeth. Proper tooth preparation and cementation are important for successful restoration.
The document discusses endocrowns, which are adhesive restorations that extend into the pulp chamber as an alternative to post-core restorations. The objectives of endocrowns are to prevent microleakage, protect tooth structure, and restore form, function and aesthetics. Endocrowns consist of a 1-1.2mm circumferential butt margin and central retention cavity that provides stability through adhesive bonding. They are indicated when post-cores cannot be used or for limited interocclusal space and are fabricated through pressable or CAD/CAM techniques using lithium disilicate or resin-matrix ceramics.
This document discusses the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. It outlines that endodontically treated teeth are weakened and restorations aim to protect them from fracture while maintaining a seal. Key factors in planning restorations include remaining tooth structure, occlusion, and root anatomy. Restorations may involve posts, cores, and crowns. Posts should be retentive, non-corrosive and not excessively weaken roots. Cores replace missing structure and improve retention for crowns, which provide optimal esthetics and function but require more tooth reduction. The best materials depend on specific clinical factors.
Dental ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of ceramics used in fixed prosthodontics. It discusses various types of ceramics including glass ceramics, glass infiltrated mixtures, and polycrystalline ceramics. Examples mentioned include lithium disilicate, zirconia, and alumina. The document reviews clinical indications and uses of different ceramics, as well as case considerations, preparation designs, and causes of failure. An outline is provided of the topics to be covered in the presentation on ceramics in dental practice.
This document provides a detailed history and overview of dental ceramics. It discusses the origins and composition of different types of ceramics used in dentistry like feldspathic porcelain, leucite-reinforced porcelain, and aluminous porcelain. The document also outlines the various methods used to classify and fabricate dental ceramics, including processes like condensation and sintering, casting and ceramming, machining, pressure molding, and glass infiltration. Key developments in the history of using ceramics in dentistry are highlighted from the 1700s to present day.
This presentation is all about restoration of endodontically treated teeth, prefabricated post and core, cast post and core, direct and indirect technique.
This document provides an overview of all-ceramic restorations, focusing on zirconium dioxide and lithium disilicate. It discusses the properties, indications, advantages and disadvantages of each material. It also covers tooth preparation techniques, laboratory fabrication methods, and cementation protocols for all-ceramic restorations. Zirconium dioxide has excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility, while lithium disilicate has higher translucency making it suitable for anterior teeth. Proper tooth preparation and cementation are important for successful restoration.
The document discusses endocrowns, which are adhesive restorations that extend into the pulp chamber as an alternative to post-core restorations. The objectives of endocrowns are to prevent microleakage, protect tooth structure, and restore form, function and aesthetics. Endocrowns consist of a 1-1.2mm circumferential butt margin and central retention cavity that provides stability through adhesive bonding. They are indicated when post-cores cannot be used or for limited interocclusal space and are fabricated through pressable or CAD/CAM techniques using lithium disilicate or resin-matrix ceramics.
This document discusses the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. It outlines that endodontically treated teeth are weakened and restorations aim to protect them from fracture while maintaining a seal. Key factors in planning restorations include remaining tooth structure, occlusion, and root anatomy. Restorations may involve posts, cores, and crowns. Posts should be retentive, non-corrosive and not excessively weaken roots. Cores replace missing structure and improve retention for crowns, which provide optimal esthetics and function but require more tooth reduction. The best materials depend on specific clinical factors.
This document discusses different types of all-ceramic dental restorations, including their compositions and manufacturing techniques. It describes sintered ceramics like alumina and leucite-based materials, heat pressed ceramics like IPS Empress and lithium disilicate, slip cast ceramics like In-Ceram alumina and spinel, and machinable ceramics milled using CAD/CAM or copy milling. The advantages of all-ceramic restorations are also summarized, such as superior esthetics, biocompatibility, and bond strength compared to ceramic-metal restorations.
This document summarizes the history and development of ceramic materials used in dentistry over the past 200+ years. It traces the evolution from early porcelain dentures in the late 18th century to modern all-ceramic systems using lithium disilicate, zirconia and CAD/CAM technologies. The key properties of esthetics, biocompatibility, strength and preservation of tooth structure are discussed for different ceramic types. Clinical indications and considerations are provided to help practitioners select the best ceramic material for a given case.
This document provides information about a crown and bridge course running over two semesters at the Faculty of Dentistry. It will include lectures, practical lab work, and exams. The document defines key terminology in fixed prosthodontics such as crowns, bridges, retainers, pontics, and abutments. It also classifies crowns and bridges based on factors like material, site, and mode of retention. Various dental materials used in fixed prosthodontics are listed. The crown fabrication process is outlined in several steps from tooth preparation to cementation.
1. This document discusses indirect esthetic restorations including veneers, laminate veneers, porcelain veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns. It describes the different types of materials and preparations used for each restoration.
2. The key stages of the clinical process are described for each restoration type including preparation, impressions, temporization, and cementation. Considerations for case selection and potential problems are also outlined.
3. Porcelain laminate veneers are the most commonly used labial veneer due to their esthetic results and conservative preparation. Onlays provide a less destructive alternative to crowns for treating tooth wear and require minimal preparation.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Charles J. Goodacre presents on provisional restorations in fixed prosthodontics. He discusses the functions and requirements of provisional restorations including protection, mastication, esthetics, positional stability, and providing diagnostic information. He describes various provisional restoration resins and their properties. Goodacre also outlines different types of provisional restorations including prefabricated, custom-fabricated, direct and indirect techniques. He demonstrates techniques for direct provisional restorations using templates and indirect restorations fabricated by a laboratory.
The document summarizes different types of dental cements used for cementation of restorations. It discusses the bonding mechanisms of nonadhesive luting, micromechanical bonding, and molecular adhesion. It then describes six main types of dental cements - zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, zinc oxide eugenol, glass ionomer, resin luting, and hybrid ionomer cements - and provides key details about their compositions, strengths, weaknesses, and applications. Finally, it outlines the basic steps for cementation of a restoration, including mixing the cement, coating the crown, placement on the tooth, removing excess, and ensuring proper contacts.
This document discusses ceramic dentistry. It describes the constituents and classification of ceramics used in dentistry based on their firing temperature. The document outlines some of the advancements in ceramic dentistry, including all-ceramic crowns introduced in 1886 and newer materials like IPS Empress and In-Ceram. In-Ceram is described as having an alumina core with conventional porcelain applied, providing greater compressive strength than IPS Empress. Cementation and finishing of ceramic crowns is also mentioned.
There are several factors that can cause the failure of crowns and fixed dental bridges, which can be classified into biological, mechanical, esthetic, and maintenance failures. Biological failures include issues like excessive pressure on soft tissues, traumatic occlusion, and lack of proper contours. Mechanical failures involve cementation problems, fractures of retainers, pontics or connectors, and wear/perforation from occlusion. Esthetic failures result from poor shading, contours or masking of metals. Maintenance failures stem from a lack of proper oral hygiene and recall exams needed to detect early signs of issues. Regular checkups are important for the long-term success of fixed dental prostheses.
The document discusses the principles and techniques for cast metal inlay restorations, including materials used, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. It covers cavity design considerations like apico-occlusal taper, convergence angles, and preparation features. Furthermore, it examines bevel designs and their significance in strengthening tooth structure and improving marginal adaptation of cast restorations.
Fundamental concepts of enamel and dentin adhesionRicha Singh
1. The document discusses the fundamental concepts of enamel and dentin adhesion, including the mechanisms of adhesion and classifications of dental adhesives.
2. It describes Buonocore's acid etch technique for bonding to enamel and the challenges of bonding to dentin, such as its structure, the smear layer, and stresses at the resin-dentin interface.
3. Current strategies for resin-dentin bonding are discussed, including etch-and-rinse adhesives and self-etch adhesives. Etch-and-rinse adhesives involve removing the smear layer with acid before bonding, while self-etch adhesives combine etching and priming into one step.
This document compares and contrasts microabrasion and macroabrasion techniques for treating tooth discoloration. Microabrasion involves using a paste of hydrochloric acid and pumice or silicon carbide to dissolve and abrade the enamel surface. It is a conservative treatment that removes only superficial stains. Macroabrasion uses diamond or carbide burs to remove defects at a faster rate but with less control than microabrasion. Both techniques can improve the appearance of teeth affected by conditions like fluorosis but microabrasion allows for better control and more conservative removal of tooth structure.
The document contains multiple copies of a permission form for a dental laboratory called Newvision Dental Laboratory. The permission form allows Newvision to upload the patient's photos to their Facebook page and website, add photos to their newsletter to dentists, publish any comments made by the patient, and add the permission form page to their work profile file. It also includes spaces for patient notes or signatures. Interspersed are positive comments from patients praising the work of Newvision and their team.
This document discusses different types of bridges used in dentistry. It describes fixed partial dentures, which cannot be removed by the patient and replace one or more missing teeth using retainers, pontics, and connectors. There are four main types of bridges discussed: fixed-fixed bridges which use rigid connectors; fixed-movable bridges which use one fixed and one movable connector; cantilever bridges; and resin-bonded bridges. Key factors in determining the appropriate bridge design include the crown-root ratio and root surface area of the abutment teeth.
An inlay is a restoration that is constructed from materials like gold or porcelain outside of the mouth and then cemented into a prepared cavity. An onlay covers one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surface of a tooth. Indirect restorations can be made from cast metals, composites, or porcelain. They are indicated for large restorations, endodontically treated teeth, dental rehabilitation with metals, and as removable prosthodontic abutments. Precise tooth preparation is needed with beveled margins and no undercuts to ensure proper fit.
This document discusses various aspects of vital pulp therapy (VPT), including indirect pulp capping (IPC), direct pulp capping (DPC), and pulpotomy procedures. It provides the history and objectives of these procedures, as well as guidelines for when each is appropriate based on factors like the size of a pulp exposure and presence of symptoms. Materials commonly used for VPT are also reviewed, including calcium hydroxide, MTA, and others. Success rates from studies on IPC and factors influencing the outcome of VPT are presented.
Smile analysis and digital smile designSherif Sultan
This document discusses smile design and analysis. It defines key terms like esthetics, dental esthetics, cosmetic dentistry, and smile designing. Smile analysis examines the face and teeth to evaluate esthetics. Principles of esthetic dentistry include facial analysis using reference lines, dentolabial examination of the incisal edge, smile line, and buccal corridor. Proper smile design considers these facial and dental factors to enhance beauty and function.
The document discusses minimally invasive ceramic inlays and onlays. It defines inlays as intracoronal restorations made outside the tooth and luted in, while onlays provide partial coverage of one or more cusps. Ceramic inlays and onlays can provide durable, esthetic alternatives to composites for restoring moderate tooth defects. They involve an indirect fabrication process and bonding to the tooth to reinforce weakened structures and allow for more conservative tooth preparation compared to crowns. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of ceramic inlays and onlays and provides details on preparation design and technique considerations.
This document discusses principles of removable partial denture design. It covers different types of partial denture support, including tooth-supported and tooth/tissue-supported designs. Key factors in partial denture design include distributing forces, controlling movement, selecting appropriate components, and considering the individual patient's anatomy and needs. Design elements like survey lines, clasps, connectors, and occlusal rests are discussed in terms of their effects on support and stress distribution. The document contrasts the biomechanical considerations between total tooth-supported versus distal extension partial dentures.
Evolution of all ceramics&recent advances (2)/ dental coursesIndian dental academy
This document provides an overview of the evolution and recent advances in all-ceramic dental materials. It discusses early ceramic materials like denture teeth and porcelain jacket crowns, as well as more recent developments like alumina core porcelain, In-Ceram, castable ceramics like Di-Cor and Cerestore, and machinable ceramics created using CAD/CAM systems. The document also covers methods used to strengthen ceramics and details production processes for various all-ceramic systems.
Dental ceramics include porcelain and are used for dental restorations. Porcelain is made from a glass matrix containing mineral phases and feldspars. It is used for dental crowns, veneers, dentures, and other prosthetics. Porcelain has good biocompatibility and esthetics but is brittle. Metal-ceramic restorations combine a metal substructure with porcelain for strength. All-ceramic restorations are made entirely of ceramic materials and provide superior esthetics but require more tooth reduction. Common all-ceramic systems include machinable blocks, castable ceramics, pressable ceramics, and infiltrated glass ceramics.
Dental ceramics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses different types of all-ceramic dental restorations, including their compositions and manufacturing techniques. It describes sintered ceramics like alumina and leucite-based materials, heat pressed ceramics like IPS Empress and lithium disilicate, slip cast ceramics like In-Ceram alumina and spinel, and machinable ceramics milled using CAD/CAM or copy milling. The advantages of all-ceramic restorations are also summarized, such as superior esthetics, biocompatibility, and bond strength compared to ceramic-metal restorations.
This document summarizes the history and development of ceramic materials used in dentistry over the past 200+ years. It traces the evolution from early porcelain dentures in the late 18th century to modern all-ceramic systems using lithium disilicate, zirconia and CAD/CAM technologies. The key properties of esthetics, biocompatibility, strength and preservation of tooth structure are discussed for different ceramic types. Clinical indications and considerations are provided to help practitioners select the best ceramic material for a given case.
This document provides information about a crown and bridge course running over two semesters at the Faculty of Dentistry. It will include lectures, practical lab work, and exams. The document defines key terminology in fixed prosthodontics such as crowns, bridges, retainers, pontics, and abutments. It also classifies crowns and bridges based on factors like material, site, and mode of retention. Various dental materials used in fixed prosthodontics are listed. The crown fabrication process is outlined in several steps from tooth preparation to cementation.
1. This document discusses indirect esthetic restorations including veneers, laminate veneers, porcelain veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns. It describes the different types of materials and preparations used for each restoration.
2. The key stages of the clinical process are described for each restoration type including preparation, impressions, temporization, and cementation. Considerations for case selection and potential problems are also outlined.
3. Porcelain laminate veneers are the most commonly used labial veneer due to their esthetic results and conservative preparation. Onlays provide a less destructive alternative to crowns for treating tooth wear and require minimal preparation.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Charles J. Goodacre presents on provisional restorations in fixed prosthodontics. He discusses the functions and requirements of provisional restorations including protection, mastication, esthetics, positional stability, and providing diagnostic information. He describes various provisional restoration resins and their properties. Goodacre also outlines different types of provisional restorations including prefabricated, custom-fabricated, direct and indirect techniques. He demonstrates techniques for direct provisional restorations using templates and indirect restorations fabricated by a laboratory.
The document summarizes different types of dental cements used for cementation of restorations. It discusses the bonding mechanisms of nonadhesive luting, micromechanical bonding, and molecular adhesion. It then describes six main types of dental cements - zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, zinc oxide eugenol, glass ionomer, resin luting, and hybrid ionomer cements - and provides key details about their compositions, strengths, weaknesses, and applications. Finally, it outlines the basic steps for cementation of a restoration, including mixing the cement, coating the crown, placement on the tooth, removing excess, and ensuring proper contacts.
This document discusses ceramic dentistry. It describes the constituents and classification of ceramics used in dentistry based on their firing temperature. The document outlines some of the advancements in ceramic dentistry, including all-ceramic crowns introduced in 1886 and newer materials like IPS Empress and In-Ceram. In-Ceram is described as having an alumina core with conventional porcelain applied, providing greater compressive strength than IPS Empress. Cementation and finishing of ceramic crowns is also mentioned.
There are several factors that can cause the failure of crowns and fixed dental bridges, which can be classified into biological, mechanical, esthetic, and maintenance failures. Biological failures include issues like excessive pressure on soft tissues, traumatic occlusion, and lack of proper contours. Mechanical failures involve cementation problems, fractures of retainers, pontics or connectors, and wear/perforation from occlusion. Esthetic failures result from poor shading, contours or masking of metals. Maintenance failures stem from a lack of proper oral hygiene and recall exams needed to detect early signs of issues. Regular checkups are important for the long-term success of fixed dental prostheses.
The document discusses the principles and techniques for cast metal inlay restorations, including materials used, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. It covers cavity design considerations like apico-occlusal taper, convergence angles, and preparation features. Furthermore, it examines bevel designs and their significance in strengthening tooth structure and improving marginal adaptation of cast restorations.
Fundamental concepts of enamel and dentin adhesionRicha Singh
1. The document discusses the fundamental concepts of enamel and dentin adhesion, including the mechanisms of adhesion and classifications of dental adhesives.
2. It describes Buonocore's acid etch technique for bonding to enamel and the challenges of bonding to dentin, such as its structure, the smear layer, and stresses at the resin-dentin interface.
3. Current strategies for resin-dentin bonding are discussed, including etch-and-rinse adhesives and self-etch adhesives. Etch-and-rinse adhesives involve removing the smear layer with acid before bonding, while self-etch adhesives combine etching and priming into one step.
This document compares and contrasts microabrasion and macroabrasion techniques for treating tooth discoloration. Microabrasion involves using a paste of hydrochloric acid and pumice or silicon carbide to dissolve and abrade the enamel surface. It is a conservative treatment that removes only superficial stains. Macroabrasion uses diamond or carbide burs to remove defects at a faster rate but with less control than microabrasion. Both techniques can improve the appearance of teeth affected by conditions like fluorosis but microabrasion allows for better control and more conservative removal of tooth structure.
The document contains multiple copies of a permission form for a dental laboratory called Newvision Dental Laboratory. The permission form allows Newvision to upload the patient's photos to their Facebook page and website, add photos to their newsletter to dentists, publish any comments made by the patient, and add the permission form page to their work profile file. It also includes spaces for patient notes or signatures. Interspersed are positive comments from patients praising the work of Newvision and their team.
This document discusses different types of bridges used in dentistry. It describes fixed partial dentures, which cannot be removed by the patient and replace one or more missing teeth using retainers, pontics, and connectors. There are four main types of bridges discussed: fixed-fixed bridges which use rigid connectors; fixed-movable bridges which use one fixed and one movable connector; cantilever bridges; and resin-bonded bridges. Key factors in determining the appropriate bridge design include the crown-root ratio and root surface area of the abutment teeth.
An inlay is a restoration that is constructed from materials like gold or porcelain outside of the mouth and then cemented into a prepared cavity. An onlay covers one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surface of a tooth. Indirect restorations can be made from cast metals, composites, or porcelain. They are indicated for large restorations, endodontically treated teeth, dental rehabilitation with metals, and as removable prosthodontic abutments. Precise tooth preparation is needed with beveled margins and no undercuts to ensure proper fit.
This document discusses various aspects of vital pulp therapy (VPT), including indirect pulp capping (IPC), direct pulp capping (DPC), and pulpotomy procedures. It provides the history and objectives of these procedures, as well as guidelines for when each is appropriate based on factors like the size of a pulp exposure and presence of symptoms. Materials commonly used for VPT are also reviewed, including calcium hydroxide, MTA, and others. Success rates from studies on IPC and factors influencing the outcome of VPT are presented.
Smile analysis and digital smile designSherif Sultan
This document discusses smile design and analysis. It defines key terms like esthetics, dental esthetics, cosmetic dentistry, and smile designing. Smile analysis examines the face and teeth to evaluate esthetics. Principles of esthetic dentistry include facial analysis using reference lines, dentolabial examination of the incisal edge, smile line, and buccal corridor. Proper smile design considers these facial and dental factors to enhance beauty and function.
The document discusses minimally invasive ceramic inlays and onlays. It defines inlays as intracoronal restorations made outside the tooth and luted in, while onlays provide partial coverage of one or more cusps. Ceramic inlays and onlays can provide durable, esthetic alternatives to composites for restoring moderate tooth defects. They involve an indirect fabrication process and bonding to the tooth to reinforce weakened structures and allow for more conservative tooth preparation compared to crowns. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of ceramic inlays and onlays and provides details on preparation design and technique considerations.
This document discusses principles of removable partial denture design. It covers different types of partial denture support, including tooth-supported and tooth/tissue-supported designs. Key factors in partial denture design include distributing forces, controlling movement, selecting appropriate components, and considering the individual patient's anatomy and needs. Design elements like survey lines, clasps, connectors, and occlusal rests are discussed in terms of their effects on support and stress distribution. The document contrasts the biomechanical considerations between total tooth-supported versus distal extension partial dentures.
Evolution of all ceramics&recent advances (2)/ dental coursesIndian dental academy
This document provides an overview of the evolution and recent advances in all-ceramic dental materials. It discusses early ceramic materials like denture teeth and porcelain jacket crowns, as well as more recent developments like alumina core porcelain, In-Ceram, castable ceramics like Di-Cor and Cerestore, and machinable ceramics created using CAD/CAM systems. The document also covers methods used to strengthen ceramics and details production processes for various all-ceramic systems.
Dental ceramics include porcelain and are used for dental restorations. Porcelain is made from a glass matrix containing mineral phases and feldspars. It is used for dental crowns, veneers, dentures, and other prosthetics. Porcelain has good biocompatibility and esthetics but is brittle. Metal-ceramic restorations combine a metal substructure with porcelain for strength. All-ceramic restorations are made entirely of ceramic materials and provide superior esthetics but require more tooth reduction. Common all-ceramic systems include machinable blocks, castable ceramics, pressable ceramics, and infiltrated glass ceramics.
Dental ceramics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses the history and classification of dental ceramics. It begins with definitions of ceramics and discusses Greek and Sanskrit origins of the word. It then categorizes dental ceramics according to their use, firing temperature, processing method, microstructure, composition, translucency, and application. The document provides a historical perspective on the development of dental ceramics from ancient times to modern CAD/CAM systems. It also covers the composition, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of various dental ceramics.
Metal free ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of dental ceramics. It defines ceramics as inorganic compounds formed from metallic, semi-metallic, and nonmetallic elements that are subjected to high heat. Dental ceramics are commonly used for crowns, bridges, inlays and other restorations. They are composed mainly of feldspars, quartz, and kaolin that undergo firing and produce a vitreous glassy phase and crystalline phase. Dental ceramics are strengthened through various techniques to increase their durability for use in load-bearing applications in the mouth.
With increasing stress on preventive
prosthodontics, the use of overdentures has
reached a point where it is now a feasible
alternative to most treatment plan outlines in
the construction of a prosthesis for patients
with remaining teeth
12.dental ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental ceramics and their use and processing in dentistry. It begins by providing background on the history and early uses of ceramics. It then defines ceramics and classifies them according to their composition, use, processing method, and other properties. The remainder of the document discusses the properties of dental ceramics, their uses in dentistry, processing methods, and ways to strengthen ceramics including developing residual compressive stresses and minimizing tensile stresses through design.
Allceramic restorations /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Electrolytic processes in restorative dentisrty /certified fixed orthodontic...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Recent advances in dental porcelain materials / cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
Ceramic materials have a long history dating back thousands of years. Modern dental ceramics are used for restorations like crowns, veneers, and inlays. They have excellent aesthetics and biocompatibility but are brittle. Techniques have been developed to strengthen dental ceramics, including using metal substructures, incorporating crystalline phases, thermal treatment to induce compressive stresses, and designs that minimize tensile stresses. Composition and processing of dental ceramics have continually evolved to improve strength, translucency, and fit.
This document provides an overview of dental ceramics and CAD-CAM systems. It discusses the historical background, classification, composition, properties, and fabrication methods of ceramic restorations. Key points include that ceramics are classified based on their content, use, processing method, and firing temperature. Their composition includes feldspar, kaolin/clay, quartz, glass formers, modifiers, and coloring agents. Fabrication involves condensation, firing, and glazing techniques. All-ceramic restorations such as porcelain jacket crowns, alumina-reinforced ceramics, castables, pressables, infiltrated ceramics, and CAD-CAM systems are summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Neobiotech introduces its Cameleon CAD/CAM system as an integrated digital solution for dentistry. The system provides precise 3D scanning, CAD modeling and design tools, and accurate milling and sintering. It offers benefits like improved communication, innovative material applications, guaranteed scan tools, precise and economical milling, and convenient and effective use. The system includes the TRIOS intraoral scanner, model scanners, CAD software, milling machines, and sintering furnaces.
dental ceramics silicate ceramics and oxidceramics/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of the evolution and recent advances in all-ceramic dental materials. It discusses early ceramic materials like denture teeth and porcelain jacket crowns from the late 1700s. Key developments include McLean and Hughes' aluminous core porcelain in 1965, In-Ceram in the 1980s using slip casting, and machinable ceramics in the 1990s using CAD/CAM. The document also examines methods to strengthen porcelain, all-ceramic systems like In-Ceram, castable ceramics including Di-Cor and Cerestore, and machinable ceramics. It provides details on the composition, fabrication process, properties and clinical performance of various ceramic materials.
This document discusses different types of dental ceramics, including their composition, fabrication methods, advantages, and disadvantages. It categorizes currently available all-ceramic dental materials based on their fabrication method into: conventional ceramics, castable ceramics, pressable ceramics, infiltrated ceramics, and machinable ceramics. For each category, specific materials are described along with details about their chemistry, production process, properties and clinical applications.
This document provides an overview of ceramics, including:
- Definitions of ceramics as inorganic, non-metallic materials formed from powders and strengthened through firing.
- Classifications based on fabrication method, crystalline phase, use, firing temperature, composition, microstructure, and properties.
- A brief history of ceramics development and uses in dentistry and other applications.
- Descriptions of microstructure, common crystalline phases, and how structure influences properties.
Dicor and cerestore /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
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Ceramics have many applications in dentistry due to their esthetic qualities, strength, and biocompatibility. Ceramics are used in crowns, bridges, veneers, dentures, and more. There are several types of ceramics including metal-ceramics, which combine a ceramic material fused to a metal framework for strength, and all-ceramic options made of materials like alumina and zirconia. Ceramic materials are fabricated through processes like sintering, heat pressing, slip-casting, and CAD/CAM milling. Ceramics provide natural-looking and long-lasting restorations but also have limitations like brittleness which new materials continue to address
This document provides an introduction and overview of ceramics. It discusses the historical development of ceramics, classifications of ceramics according to fabrication method, crystalline phase, composition, microstructure and other properties. Specific ceramic materials used in dentistry like porcelain, glass ceramics, zirconia, and resin ceramics are also covered. The document examines the structure and properties of different ceramics and their applications in dental and non-dental fields.
Methods to strengthen ceramics include shot peening, strengthening with a metal substructure, dispersion strengthening of glasses, enamelling of high strength crystalline ceramics, controlled crystallization of glasses, and production of prestressed surface layers via techniques like ion exchange and thermal tempering. These approaches aim to induce compressive stresses, minimize tensile stresses, add reinforcing particles or crystals, or modify the material microstructure to reduce cracking and improve mechanical properties like strength and toughness.
The document discusses recent advances in all-ceramic dental materials. It describes the evolution of ceramics from early dentures to modern machinable ceramics and lists various classification systems. Key points include methods to strengthen porcelain like thermal tempering and transformation toughening, as well as minimizing stress through design. Specific ceramic systems are outlined, like aluminous core porcelain developed by McLean and Hughes in 1965 and In-Ceram, which uses a slip-casting technique to form green ceramic shapes.
This document discusses all ceramic dental restorations. It begins by introducing ceramics and their advantages such as superior esthetics, biocompatibility, and wear resistance compared to porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. However, ceramics are also brittle. The document then covers different ceramic materials including glass ceramics, glass infiltrated ceramics, and polycrystalline ceramics. It discusses fabrication methods like powder condensation, slip casting, heat pressing, and CAD/CAM. Key concepts in understanding dental ceramics are simplified. Classification systems and applications of different ceramics are also outlined.
ALL CERAMIC RESTORATIONS-Dr MEENU MERRY C PAULMeenuMerryCPaul
This document discusses different types of all-ceramic dental restorations. It describes 6 main classifications: 1) Condensed ceramics like feldspathic porcelain and leucite-reinforced cores 2) Castable glass ceramics like Dicor 3) Machinable glass ceramics like Dicor MGC 4) Pressable glass ceramics like IPS Empress and IPS Empress 2 5) Slip-cast glass infiltrated ceramics like In-Ceram Alumina, Spinell, and Zirconia 6) Milled ceramic restorations/cores made from blocks using CAD-CAM or copy milling. For each classification, the document provides details on composition,
This document discusses dental ceramics, including their classification, composition, and uses. It addresses:
1) The different types of dental ceramics classified by use, processing method, and fusion temperature including metal ceramics, ceramic denture teeth, and porcelain for jackets, crowns, veneers and inlays.
2) The composition and function of ingredients in high fusing porcelains including feldspar, quartz, and kaolin.
3) Methods for strengthening porcelain, such as chemical strengthening, dispersion strengthening, and thermal tempering.
4) Applications of all-ceramic systems including pressed ceramics, machinable ceramics, and
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This document discusses polycrystalline dental ceramics. It describes the properties and fabrication techniques of aluminous oxide and zirconia oxide, the two main polycrystalline ceramics used. Aluminous oxide is indicated for crowns but cannot be etched, while zirconia has higher strength and toughness due to a phase transformation mechanism. The document outlines the crystal structures and stabilization of zirconia, as well as methods to strengthen dental ceramics including introducing compressive stresses, interrupting crack propagation, and minimizing tensile stresses through design.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses dental ceramic materials and their advancements. It covers the history, definition, classification, composition, properties and processing of dental ceramics. Various types of ceramics are described including feldspathic porcelain, glass ceramics, alumina and zirconia-based ceramics. Methods to strengthen ceramics include adding metal oxides, platelets or MXenes. Recent advances have led to all-ceramic systems for restorations that are fabricated using CAD/CAM technology, offering improved aesthetics over metal-ceramic restorations.
The document discusses dental ceramics and provides information on their history, composition, classification, and applications. Key points include:
- Ceramics are inorganic compounds consisting of oxygen and metallic/semimetallic elements used to make dental prosthetics.
- Their composition typically includes feldspar, silica, kaolin, and alumina, with glass modifiers and opacifiers added.
- Ceramics can be classified based on firing method/temperature, type of material, and microstructure.
- Common ceramic systems include metal-ceramic and all-ceramic, with the former using a metal substructure and the latter being made entirely of ceramic.
The document discusses the history, composition, properties and applications of dental ceramics. It notes that advances in digital dentistry have led to increased use of all-ceramic restorations over porcelain fused to metal restorations. All-ceramic restorations offer improved esthetics but have lower 5-year survival rates than metal-ceramic restorations due to higher risks of material fractures. Proper selection of ceramic materials and designs can help maximize strength and fracture resistance.
Similar to Classification of porcelain / dental implant companies (20)
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
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4.Demo on Models
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For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
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Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
4. Classification:
1. Firing Temprature
High fusing – 1290-1370ºC (2350-2500ºF)
Medium fusing - 1095-1260ºC(2000 - 2300ºF)
Low fusing - 870-1065ºC (1600-1950º F)
2. Use - Construction of Denture teeth
- Fabrication of J.C and inlay
- Veneers over cast metal restoration
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6. Classification of porcelain:
By type :
Feldspathic porcelain
Leucite – reinforced porcelain
Aluminous porcelain
Glass infiltrated alumina
Glass infiltrated spinal
Glass ceramic
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7. • Denture teeth
• Metal ceramics
• Veneers
• Inlays & on lays
• Crowns and
• Anterior bridges.
By use:
Classification of porcelain:
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8. • Sintering
• Casting
• machining
By processing method:
Classification of porcelain:
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9. By substructure material
• Cast metal
• Swaged metal
• Glass ceramic
• CAD CAM
• Sintered ceramic core
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10. ALUMINOUS PORCELAIN:
Aluminum is added as filler in high percentage to
strength and is used as core material.
In finished crown ,alumina prevents
crack propagation.
It affect the translucence. and there by affects
the color of the porcelain
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12. 1.Development of residual compressive stresses:
a. Ion exchange
b. Thermal tempering
c. Thermal compatibility.
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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13. 2. Disruption of crack propagation
a. Dispersion of crystalline phase.
b. Transformation toughening
c. Design of dental restorations involving
ceramics.
d. Minimizing tensile stress.
e. Reducing stress raisers.
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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14. 1.Development of residual compressive stresses
a.Ion exchange: Chemical tempering
Exchange of larger potassium ions for the
smaller sodium ions.
These effects produce strength in the surface
of the porcelain.
The surface should be protected from the
grinding,
-strength reduced to its original
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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15. b.Thermal tempering:
• Commonly employed method .
• It create residual surfaces compressive stresses
by rapid cooling. (quenching) when the
material is still hot or molten state.
• This rapid cooling produces a skin of rigid
glass surface surrounding a soft core.
• Quenching done in silicone oil or other sp.
liquid, than using air spray.
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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16. c. Thermal compatibility:
•In fabrication of glass ceramic in combination
with metal this method is employed.
•The metal which is veneered with ceramic
has the higher coeffiencient of thermal
expansion than the ceramic.
•Ceramic in combination with metal are heated
and cooled together.
•Hence on cooling the metal contracts more than
the ceramic thus leaving the outer layer of ceramic
in residual compressive stress.
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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17. 2. Disruption of crack propagation:
Another method of strengthening the
ceramic,
I. Is to reinforce the ceramic with a dispersed
phase of a different material that is capable
of hindering a crack from propagating
through the material.
Two different types of dispersions used to
interrupt crack propagation are;
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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18. a. By absorption of energy by the dispersed
tough particles from the crack and thus
depleting its driving force for propagation.
b. By change of crystal structure under stress to
absorb energy from the crack.
II. Dispersion of crystalline phase.
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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19. a. By absorption of energy by the dispersed
tough particles from the crack and thus
depleting its driving force for propagation.
Dicor glass ceramic :
Utilizes reinforcement of a glass by a dispersed
crystalline substances,when the cast crown is
subjected to heat treatment, that causes micron
sized mica crystals grow in glass. And these
crystals will disrupt crack propagation thereby
Strengthening the ceramic .
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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20. • A crystalline material is incorporated that is
capable of undergoing a change in crystalline
structure when placed under stress. The
crystalline material used is termed as
Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ)
b.By change of crystal structure under stress
to absorb energy from the crack.
or
Transformation toughening
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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21. •The energy required for the transformation of
PSZ is taken from the energy that allows the
crack to propagate.
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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22. II dispersion of crystalline phase:
A tough crystalline material like alumina is
added
in particulate form. The glass is toughened and
Strengthened because the crack cannot penetrate
the alumina particles as easily as it can propagate
in the glass, development of aluminous
porcelains for Porcelain Jacket Crown.
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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23. Design of dental restoration involving ceramics
•Avoid exposure of ceramic to high tensile
stresses.
PJC – contraindicated for posterior tooth.
occlusal forces tensile stresses
• Anterior teeth Increased overbite
tensile stresses
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. •Avoid stress concentration at sharp angles or
marked changes in thickness.
Folds of the platinum foil substrate
– embedded in the porcelain leave notches
–acts as stress raisers.
- Abrupt change in thickness or shape of the
porcelain acts as a stress raisers leads failure
of the restoration.
Method of strengthening ceramicsMethod of strengthening ceramics
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25. Fabrication of ceramic restoration:
-The porcelain powder is mixed with the liquid to
form plastic mass which is condensed to form the
porcelain restoration.
-Then it is fired in the furnaces for sintering
-When fired the mass shrinks and flows so the
built up mass has to be supported on a matrix.
-The matrix should have a higher fusion temperature
than the porcelain.www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Metal coping Platinum foil
Degassing (980ºC/1800ºF)
Opaquer – 0.2mm
Stages in firing:
- Low Bisque Stage
- Medium Bisque Stage
- High Bisque Stage
Cooling
Fabrication of ceramic restoration:
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46. Composition of Gold Alloys
Type Gold % Silver% Ca% Pd% Pt% In,Sn,Fe,2n,
Ga,Ba%
I. 83 10 06 0.5 - -Ba-
II 77 14 07 1.0 - -
III 75 11 09 3.5 - -
IV 69 12.5 10 3.5 - -
Mc (G) 52 - - 38 - -
(P.S.) - 30 - 60 - -
Mc (G) 88 - (6.5(14.0pt)
H.pt 0-6 0-6.5 0-15/8 74-88www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Types of metal ceramic system:
a. Cast metal ceramic alloys:
1. Noble – metal alloy system
High gold – Gold-Platinum Palladium
Low gold - Gold palladium silver
Gold free - Palladium silver
2. Base metal alloy system
Nickel – Chromium alloy
Cobalt – Chromium alloywww.indiandentalacademy.com
48. b. Foil Coping:
• Bonded platinum foil coping
• Swaged gold alloy foil coping
Requirements of metal:
-Bonding with porcelain
-Co-efficient of Thermal expansion
-Fusion Temperature
-High Modulus of elasticity
-Sag/Creep resistance
-No Copper/silver
-High proportional limitwww.indiandentalacademy.com
49. Requirements of porcelain:
-Co-efficient of thermal expansion
(13-14 x 10-6/C)<0.5-1x10-6/C metal
-Fusion temperature
-High modulus of elasticity at proportional limit
*** Potast and soda-
opaque porcelain – Zirconium, tin
Zinc, titanium oxide
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50. Fabrication of MFP
Metal coping –
Degassing (980ºC/1800ºF)
Opaquer – 0.2mm
Porcelain – Metal Bonding qualities :
- Chemical
- Mechanical
- Electro deposition
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51. Classification of bond failures in Metal-Ceramics
(O’Brien-1977)
Porcelain
Metal
Porcelain
Metal
Metal Oxide
I. II
Metal –Porcelain Metal-oxide to porcelain
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52. Classification of bond failures in Metal-Ceramics
(O’Brien-1977)
Metal
III. IV
Metal to Metal Oxide Metal-oxide to Metal oxide
Porcelain
Metal Oxide
Porcelain
Metal Oxide
Metal Oxide
Metal
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53. Classification of bond failures in Metal-Ceramics
(O’Brien-1977)
Metal
Porcelain
V. VI
Cohesive with in metal Cohesive within porcelain
Porcelain
Metal Oxide
Metal
Metal Oxide
Metal
Porcelain
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61. It is crown made entirely by ceramics having more
than 50 % of crystal content in it, but without any
metal coping.
Ceramic jacket crown.
This is strong and tough crown.
PJC jacket crown made traditional feldspathic
porcelain without any crystalline in it and having a
aluminous porcelain but without metal coping.
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62. It is a natural mineral consisting of potassium
– aluminum silicate.
Leucite:
It is white in color and has a large co efficient
of thermal expansion.
Traditional porcelain contains feldspar of
two phases.
Glassy phase
Crystalline phase leucite leucite porcelain.
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63. SPINEL SPINELLE:
Hard crystalline natural mineral of magnesium
and aluminum.
Leucite and spinal can be added to ceramic
material to improve strength
Accordingly many new ceramic products with
new names have developed.
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64. 1. Leucite re-in forced Porcelain :
Used as a core material & over it traditional feldspathic
Porcelain is used to build crown.
Whole crown is known as ceramic jacket crown. (CJC ).
No metal coping. Good translucency
Reasonably good strength.
Advantages:
Used for Inlays, On lays, Crowns & as a Veneer.
Disadvantages: Fit not accurate& Marginal shrinkage.
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65. Glass ceramic crown: DICOR
Castable ceramic and made by lost wax technique.
Can be made by casting or machinined by computer.
Composed of silica – it is glassy and amorphous.
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66. Procedure:
Wax pattern of the crown on the die
Investing in phosphate bonded investment
Burnout by heating.
Glassy amorphous ceramic is poured into the mould to
form shape of the crown.
Removed from the investment
Sprue is removed
Heated at 1075*c for several hours.
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67. Glassy amorphous material changes into solid crystalline
Material containing thin sheets of crystalline mica.
This transformation is known as CERAMMING.
This helps in preventing crack propagation.
The cerammed crown, fitted on the die and surface
porcelains like enamel porcelain, neck porcelain or stains
are added to give final shape and appearance to the crown.
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69. Advantages:
Can be machined and shaped like metal.
Although brittle,do not crack or break like other
porcelain.
No need of metal coping.
Uses: Inlays and crowns for anterior teeth.
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70. Properties:
Strong non porous, hard but do not abrade
natural teeth
Good esthetics.
Disadvantages:
Cannot be used for the posteriors
– stress concentration susceptible to fracture.
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71. CAD CAM CERAMICS:
These are Dicor MGC (Machinable glass ceramics)
The presence of small crystals dispersed through
out their glassy matrix minimizes cracking and
chipping when they are drilled, milled or ground.
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73. Advantages:
No metal coping
No porosity in the restorations
No impression or die
Time saving
Satisfactory results.
Disadvantages:
Expensive equipments needed.
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74. Injection molded glass ceramic IPS-Empress
This ceramic with high conc. of leucite crystals.
This powder is mixed with polymer & the mix is
heated to make it Moldable.
Then it is injected under pressure into the mold
of desired shape.
On cooling the mass sets & polymer is removed
by heating. www.indiandentalacademy.com
75. Now ceramic sub structure is obtained. & on which
the crown is built to its proper shape and size as usual
by using Conventional layer technique.
Advantages:
No metal coping
Good fit
Reasonably good strength
Excellent esthetics.
Disadvantages:
Expensive equipments needed.
Not posterior teeth.www.indiandentalacademy.com
76. Glass infiltrated alumina core ceramic In Ceram
Conventional aluminous porcelain is used as
core material.
Then dentine, enamel porcelains are used
to build crown.
In this method the ceramic powder is mixed with
binder ( polymer) instead of water.the binder
is burnt of later during sintering process
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90. It is crown made entirely by ceramics having more
than 50 % of crystal content in it, but without any
metal coping.
Ceramic Jacket Crown.
This is strong and tough crown.
PJC - jacket crown made with traditional
feldspathic porcelain without any crystalline in it
and having a aluminous porcelain but without
metal coping. www.indiandentalacademy.com
91. It is a natural mineral consisting of potassium
– aluminum silicate.
Leucite:
It is white in color and has a large co efficient
of thermal expansion.
Traditional porcelain contains feldspar of
two phases.
Glassy phase
Crystalline phase leucite leucite porcelain.
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92. SPINEL SPINELLE:
Hard crystalline natural mineral of magnesium
and aluminum.
Leucite and spinal can be added to ceramic
material to improve strength
Accordingly many new ceramic products with
new names have developed.
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93. 1. Leucite re-in forced Porcelain :
• Used as a core material & over it traditional feldspathic
Porcelain is used to build crown.
• Whole crown is known as Ceramic Jacket Crown. (CJC ).
• No metal coping.
• Good translucency
• Reasonably good strength.
Advantages:
• Used for Inlays, On lays, Crowns & as a Veneer.
Disadvantages:
• Fit not accurate & Marginal shrinkage.www.indiandentalacademy.com
94. Glass ceramic crown: DICOR
Castable ceramic and made by lost wax technique.
Can be made by casting or machinined by computer.
Composed of silica – it is glassy and amorphous.
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95. Procedure:
Wax pattern of the crown on the die
Investing in phosphate bonded investment
Burnout by heating.
Glassy amorphous ceramic is poured into the mould to
form shape of the crown.
Removed from the investment
Sprue is removed
Heated at 1075*c for several hours.
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96. Glassy amorphous material changes into solid
crystalline Material containing thin sheets of
crystalline mica.
This transformation is known as CERAMMING.
This helps in preventing crack propagation.
The cerammed crown, fitted on the die and
surface porcelains like enamel porcelain, neck
porcelain or stains are added to give final shape
and appearance to the crown.
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98. Advantages:
Can be machined and shaped like metal.
Although brittle,do not crack or break like other
porcelain.
No need of metal coping.
Uses: Inlays and crowns for anterior teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
99. Properties:
Strong non porous, hard but do not abrade
natural teeth
Good esthetics.
Disadvantages:
Cannot be used for the posteriors
– stress concentration susceptible to fracture.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
100. CAD CAM CERAMICS:
These are Dicor MGC (Machinable glass ceramics)
The presence of small crystals dispersed through
out their glassy matrix minimizes cracking and
chipping when they are drilled, milled or ground.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
102. Advantages:
No metal coping
No porosity in the restorations
No impression or die
Time saving
Satisfactory results.
Disadvantages:
Expensive equipments needed.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
103. Injection molded glass ceramic IPS-Empress
This ceramic with high conc. of leucite crystals.
This powder is mixed with polymer & the mix is
heated to make it Moldable.
Then it is injected under pressure into the mold
of desired shape.
On cooling the mass sets & polymer is removed
by heating. www.indiandentalacademy.com
104. Now ceramic sub structure is obtained. & on which
the crown is built to its proper shape and size as usual
by using Conventional layer technique.
Advantages:
No metal coping
Good fit
Reasonably good strength
Excellent esthetics.
Disadvantages:
Expensive equipments needed.
Not posterior teeth.www.indiandentalacademy.com
105. Glass infiltrated alumina core ceramic In Ceram
Conventional aluminous porcelain is used as
core material.
Then dentine, enamel porcelains are used
to build crown.
In this method the ceramic powder is mixed with
binder ( polymer) instead of water.the binder
is burnt of later during sintering process
www.indiandentalacademy.com
106. Thank you
For more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com