The 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan: 1. Occurred on January 17th, 1995 at 5:46 am near the city of Kobe with a magnitude of 7.2 on the Richter scale. 2. Lasted only 20 seconds but resulted in over 5,000 deaths and over 300,000 people being left homeless. Infrastructure and buildings suffered extensive damage worth £100 billion. 3. The earthquake was so destructive because the hypocenter was only 16 km below the surface and located near the heavily populated city of Kobe. The shallow depth and urban location exacerbated the effects.

1. TITLE: The Kobe earthquake 1995 AIM: To complete a detailed account of the Kobe earthquake including primary and secondary effects

2. Explain why the earthquake happened A box like this tells you what to do

3. On Tuesday, January 17th 1995 , at 5.46 a.m. an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 on the Richter Scale struck Kobe. This region is the second most populated area after Tokyo, with a population of 10 million. The ground shook for only 20 seconds but in that short time over 5,000 people died, over 300,000 people became homeless and damage worth £100 billion was caused to roads, houses, factories and infrastructure (gas, electric, water, sewerage, phone cables, etc). Make a FACT FILE of the information above Date Time Magnitude Duration Impact/Effects

4. Why did the earthquake happen here? Three plates meet near to the coast of Japan. Close to Kobe, the denser oceanic Philippines Plate is being pushed beneath the lighter continental Eurasian Plate . Earthquakes are very common along this boundary. Explain why the earthquake happened

5. The great destruction which resulted from the 1995 Kobe Earthquake was due to the shallow depth of the focus which was only about 16 kms. below the surface and the fact that the epicentre occurred close to a very heavily populated area. Explain why the earthquake was so strong

6. The Effects of the Earthquake: The immediate effects of the earthquake are known as primary effects . They include the collapse of buildings, bridges and roads resulting from the shaking of the crust. Explain what is meant by primary effects Describe the PRIMARY EFFECTS from the following TEN slides

7. The earthquake caused massive damage to all the transport facilities. Several sections of motorway collapsed or toppled sideways. Railway lines were buckled and many stations damaged. A 130 kilometre section of the 'bullet train' rail network had to be closed. Primary effect

8. Primary effect

9. Many elevated highways were damaged Primary effect

10. Before After Most roads suffered some damage Primary effect

11. Some of the older office blocks built in the 1960's of steel and concrete collapsed in the middle so that a whole floor was crushed by the rooms above. Before After Primary effect

12. Primary effect Many of lower floors of office blocks crumpled by the weight above

13. ` The Port was damaged due to liquefaction Cranes tilted or fell Primary effect

14. Modern buildings designed to be earthquake proof suffered little damage, although some were left standing at an angle when the ground beneath them liquefied Primary effect

15. Many of the older, wooden houses collapsed. Primary effect

16. However, modern earthquake proof buildings survived Primary effect

17. The secondary effects are those that follow an earthquake such as fires, congestion and chaos on the roads, the closure of businesses and the problem of homelessness. Explain what is meant by Secondary effects Describe the PRIMARY EFFECTS from the following pictures

18. Fire, triggered by broken gas pipes caused a huge amount of damage, destroying at least 7,500 wooden homes. Secondary effect

19. Almost 300,000 people were made homeless by the earthquake and had to be given emergency shelter. The severe winter weather (-2°C.) made this a serious problem. Secondary effect

20. Water, electricity, gas services were fully working in six months The railways were back in service in 7 months After three weeks most phones lines were working A year after the earthquake, 80% of the port was working By January 1999, 134,000 housing units had been built. After fourteen months all collapsed bridges were repaired . What proof is there that the Japanese were able to repair the City of Kobe quickly after the earthquake Putting things right after the earthquake

21. HOMEWORK Research your own earthquake try to find out similar information Present your findings on one sheet of paper TIME One week