Detailed Case Study Of Japan 2011 Earthquake in Power Point

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CONTENT
1. JAPAN INTRODUCTION
2. EARTHQUAKE HISTORY
3. BASIC INFORMATION
• Earthquake and cause of earthquake
• Tsunamis
4. SHORT TERM IMPACT
5. LONG TERM IMPACT
6. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE
7. LONG-TERM STRATEGIES
8. Preparation for earthquakes in Japan

3. JAPAN
INTRODUCTION
 Island Country
 Located in EAST ASIA
 Eleventh Most Populus Country in
World
 Divided in 8 Regions
 47 Prefectures (Subdivisions)
 Tohoku is one of the Regions
 Tokyo (Capital)
 Most Urbanized Country
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5. EARTHQUAKE HISTORY IN JAPAN
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• Japan lies within one of the most tectonically active zones in the world.
 400 earthquakes every day.
 Majority are not felt by humans and are only detected by instruments.
• Japan is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, where the North American,
Pacific, Eurasian and Philippine plates come together.
• Movements along these plate boundaries also present the risk of
tsunamis.

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EARTHQUAKE
AND
TSUNAMI 2011 IN JAPAN

8. BASIC INFORMATION
• EARTHQUAKE:
 Date : 11 March 2011
 Time: 14:46 JST
 Epicenter : East of Tohoku, Japan
 Magnitude: 9.0
 Max Intensity: 9
 Duration: 6 minutes
 Occurrence: Convergence force between Pacific plate and North
American Plate
 Aftershocks: 1,235
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• CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKE
 The Philippine plate and the Pacific plate are moving towards the much bigger
continental Eurasian and North American plates.
 The thin, oceanic Pacific plate is being forced (sub-ducted) underneath the much
thicker continental Eurasian plate.

10. BASIC INFORMATION
• TSUNAMI:
 Wave Height: 40.5 m
 Place: along the pacific coastline of
Japan northern islands.
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13. SHORT TERM IMPACTS
• Death and injury:
15,894 people died, 6,152 people were injured, 130,927 were displaced
and 2,562 people remain missing.
• Nuclear crisis:
A 9m high wave flooded the plants generators and electrical wiring.
People lost energy immediately.
• Damages:
332,395 buildings, 2,126 roads, 56 bridges and 26 railways were
destroyed or damaged. 300 hospitals were damaged and 11 were
totally destroyed.
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14. SHORT TERM IMPACTS
• Blackouts:
Around 4.4 million households in North-East Japan were left
without electricity.
• Fore and After Shocks
• Tsunami
• Land Fall
• The Nuclear Accident at Fukushima Daichi
(Triple disaster)
• Fire Accident
• Interruption of telecommunications
• Interruption of transportation 14

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19. LONG TERM IMPACTS
• Economy:
The economic cost was US$235 billion, making this the most
expensive natural disaster in world history.
• Tsunami:
Only 58% of people in the coastal areas followed the tsunami
warnings and headed for higher ground. The waves hit 49% of those
who did not follow the warning.
• Nuclear Power:
The damage caused by the earthquake resulted in the meltdown of
seven reactors. Radiation levels at one point were over eight times
normal levels.
• Impact on Environment
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20. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE
 Rescue services
• In the short term, the rescue services and army had
to move very quickly into the affected area.
• They were able to clear roads and create access
paths very quickly but the amount of silt caused by
the tsunami made efforts to count the number of
deaths very difficult.
• Public also took part to help and rescue the injured
one’s.
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21. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE
 HEALTH CARE
• Many hospitals were destroyed or damaged
and field hospitals had to be set up.
• Doctors and nurses were flown from other
parts of the country to help with the relief
efforts and many patients were flown far out of
the emergency area to receive treatment.
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22. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE
 Shelter
• Over 300,000 were left homeless and needed access to food, water,
shelter and medicine.
• The army helped to build many temporary shelters very quickly.
 Normal lives
• The Japanese people tried hard to get their lives back to normal in
the weeks following the earthquake.
• Summer festivals continued as normal.
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23. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE
 International Aid
• The Japanese Red Cross received over $1 billion in
donations.
• They gave out over 30,000 emergency relief kits and
14,000 sleeping kits.
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24. LONG-TERM STRATEGIES
 Rebuilding
• The rebuilding of the worst affected areas began almost immediately.
• The government set up a Reconstruction Design Council who had a budget of over
23 trillion Yen to rebuild houses.
 Economic responses
• Many Japanese manufacturers were affected by the earthquake (e.g. Toyota and
Honda) because they could not restart production as factories and supply lines were
damaged.
• It took around 1 ½ years for production to start to get back to normal.
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25. LONG-TERM STRATEGIES
 Tsunami barriers
• The original 12m tsunami barriers were replaced with ones that were 18m high.
• However, some scientists have noted that this would still not protect property if a
similar earthquake was to take place.
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26. PREPARATION FOR EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN
1.Predicting earthquakes: Over £70 million was spent on lasers that are used to monitor
even the slightest movement.
2.Practicing for earthquake emergencies: Every year on 1st September an earthquake
and tsunami drill takes place to make sure that the rescue and emergency services
know how to respond.
3.Earthquake-proofing the buildings: Billions of pounds have been spent making
buildings more resistant to earthquakes. This involves using types of glass that does not
shatter, weights in the building to counter the sway or huge shock absorbers in the
foundations.
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27. THANK YOU
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