Readings in Philippine History

1. KATIPUNAN

2. FOUNDING OF THE KATIPUNAN
• Founded on the night of July 7, 1892.
• Azcarraga St. (Claro M. Recto St.)
• The Katipunan was a secret revolutionary society of
Filipino patriots.
• Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan
• Founder: Andres Bonifacio, with the aid of his friends:
– Teodoro Plata
– Ladislao Diwa
– Deodato Arellano
– Valentin Diaz

3. Aim of KKK
• To unite the Filipinos
• To fight for Philippine
Independence

4. Andres Bonifacio
• The Great Plebeian
• Born in Tondo on November
30, 1863, the first child of poor
parents.
• Named after St. Andrew the
patron saint of Manila.
• He had three brothers and two
sisters:
– Ciriaco
– Procopio
– Espiridiona
– Troadio
– Maxima

5. • His parents died when he was 14 years old.
• He supported his siblings by selling bamboo
canes and paper fans in the city streets.
• He also worked as a warehouse keeper in a
mosaic tile factory in Sta. Mesa.
• He worked first as a messenger and was
promoted as an agent in Fleming and Company
but he transferred to Fressell and Company for a
higher wage.

6. • He started his education in the school of
Guillermo Osmeña, a private primary school in
Tondo.
• He educated himself by extensive reading of good
books and learning Spanish by self-study.
• Monica – first wife of Bonifacio who died because
of leprosy
• Gregoria de Jesus – second wife of Bonifacio
whom he had a son named Andres who died
because of smallpox.

7. Emilio Jacinto
• Brains of the Katipunan
• Born in Trozo (Tondo),
Manila on December
15, 1875.
• His father died shortly
after he was born so he
was adopted by his
uncle Don Jose Dizon

8. • Obtained the Bachelor of Arts’ degree in
Colegio de San Juan de Letran
• Studied Law in UST but was not able to finish
it.
• Remained loyal to Bonifacio even after his
death.
• He died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 23
years old because of Malaria.

9. Katipunan Government
• Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme Council) – for the
whole country
– Consisted of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer,
and a comptroller.
• Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial Council) – for every
province.
• Sangguniang Balangay (Municipal Council) – for every
town.
• The Judicial power of KKK was exercised by the
Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council)
– It decided cases involving treachery among the members
and quarrels between them.

10. Officers of KKK
• The first Supreme Council of the Katipunan
was organized in August 1, 1892. It was
composed of the following:
• President (Supremo) – Deodato Arellano
• Comptroller (Intervenor) – Andres Bonifacio
• Fiscal – Ladislao Diwa
• Secretary –Teodoro Plata
• Treasurer – Valentin Diaz

11. • Deodato Arellano – was the first President of
Katipunan.
• Roman Basa- became the Supremo because
Bonifacio was disgusted over the performance
of Arellano.
• Two years after, another election was held
with the following as officers:

12. • Supremo – Andres Bonifacio
• Secretary of State – Emilio Jacinto
• Secretary of War – Teodoro Plata
• Secretary of Justice – Briccio Pantas
• Secretary of Interior – Aguedo del Rosario
• Secretary of Finance – Enrique Pacheco

13. KATIPUNAN MEMBERSHIP
• Originally the KKK recruited new members by
means of TRIANGLE SYSTEM
– An original member would recruit two new members
who did not know each other.
– Example: Bonifacio formed the first triangle with Diwa
and Plata
• They also agreed that they would pay a
membership fee amounting to one real fuerte
(twenty-five centavos) and a monthly due of
media real (twelve centavos).

14. • Every member of the Katipunan adopted a symbolic
name:
– Andres Bonifacio – May Pagasa
– Emilio Jacinto – Pingkian
– Artemio Ricarte – Vibora
– Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdalo
• Three Grades of the Katipunan Membership:
– Katipun (Associate) – first grade, password was ANAK NG
BAYAN
– Kawal (Soldier) – second grade, password was GOMBURZA
– Bayani (Patriot) – third grade, password was RIZAL

15. Women of the Katipunan
• At the beginning, the Katipunan was
exclusively for men.
• Women were later admitted to preserve
peace in the family, because the wives of the
Katipuneros were becoming jealous of the
nightly absences of their husbands and the
reduction of their monthly earnings.

16. Qualifications for Female Members
• Wife of a Katipunero
• Daughter of a Katipunero
• Sister of a Katipunero
• Any close relative of a Katipunero

17. Prominent Katipuneras
• Gregoria de Jesus – wife
of Bonifacio and was
called Lakambini of the
Katipunan.

18. • Maria Dizon – cousin of
Emilio Jacinto

19. Sisters of Rizal
Josefa Rizal Trinidad Rizal

20. Melchora Ramos y Aquino
• Tandang Sora (January 6,
1812 – March 2, 1919)
• Mother of the Katipunan
• She fed the Katipuneros
and nursed the wounded
patriots
• Later she was arrested by
the Spanish authorities
and was exiled in
Marianas.

21. Services of the Women in the
Katipunan
• They guarded the secret documents and
paraphernalia of the society.
• They helped recruiting new members of the
society.
• Whenever the Katipuneros were holding their
secret meeting, they held a gay party to cover
up the revolutionary activity.

22. Literature of the Katipunan
• Emilio Jacinto – youngest and greatest writer of
the Katipunan
• His pen name was Dimas-Ilaw
• He wrote the following:
– A la Patria – his poetical masterpiece
– Liwanag at Dilim – a series of essays on human rights,
liberty, equality of men, labor, and love of country.
– Kartilya ng Katipunan – contains the teachings of the
KKK.

23. Kartilya of the Katipunan
• A life that is not dedicated to a noble cause is like a tree
without a shade or a poisonous weed.
• A deed lacks nobility if it is motivated by self-interest and
not by a sincere desire to help.
• True piety consists of being charitable, loving one’s
fellow men, and being judicious in behavior, speech and
deed.
• All persons are equal, regardless of the color of their
skin. While one could have more schooling, wealth, or
beauty than another, all that does not make one more
human than anybody else.

24. • A person with a noble character values honor
above self-interest, while a person with a base
character values self-interest above honor.
• To a person of honor, his/her word is a pledge.
• Don’t waste time; lost wealth can be
retrieved, but time lost is lost forever.
• Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.

25. • The wise person is careful in all he/she has to say and is
discreet about things that need to be kept secret./ An
intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows
how to keep the secrets that must be guarded.
• In the thorny path of life, the man leads the way and his
wife and children follow. If the leader goes the way to
perdition, so do the followers. (Note: This begins with an
observation of the vertical relationship of husband and
wife during the time of the Katipunan; now, we can say
that the parents lead the way and the children follow.)

26. • Never regard a woman as an object for you to
trifle with; rather you should consider her as a
partner and helpmate. Give proper consideration
to a woman’s frailty and never forget that your
own mother, who brought you forth and nurtured
you from infancy, is herself such a person.
• Don’t do to the wife, children, brothers, and
sisters of others what you do not want done to
your wife, children, brothers, and sisters.

27. • A man’s worth is not measured by his station in life,
neither by the height of his nose nor the fairness of
skin, and certainly not by whether he is a priest
claiming to be God’s deputy. Even if he a tribesman
from the hills and speaks only his tongue, a man has
fine perceptions and is loyal to his native land.
• When these teachings shall have been propagated
and the glorious sun of freedom begins to shine on
these poor Islands to enlighten a united race and
people, then all the lives lost, all the struggle and the
sacrifices will not have been in vain.

28. • Andres Bonifacio – a self trained writer.
• His pen name was Agapito Bagumbayan
• His writings were:
– Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan – a patriotic poem
– Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan – a
Katipunan Decalogue
– Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog – a politico-
historical essay.

29. Decalogue of the Katipunan
• Love God with all your heart.
• Bear always in mind that the love of God is
also the love of Country, and this too, is love
of one’s fellowmen.
• Engrave in your heart that the true measure of
honor and happiness is to die for the freedom
of your country.

30. • All your good wishes will be crowned with
success if you have serenity, constancy,
reason, and faith in your acts and endeavor.
• Guard the mandates and aims of the KKK as
you guard your honor,
• It is the duty of all to deliver, at the risk of
their own lives and wealth, anyone who runs
great risks in the performance of his duty.

31. • Our responsibility to ourselves and the
performance of our duties will be the example
set for our fellowmen to follow.
• In so far as it is within your power, share your
means with the poor and the unfortunate.
• Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to
you is the true basis of love – love yourself, for
your wife and children, and for your brothers
and countrymen.

32. • Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all
good works. Believe, likewise, that the aims of
the KKK are God-given for the will of the
people is also the will of God.

33. Dr. Pio Valenzuela
• The physician of the
Katipunan.
• He helped Jacinto in putting
up the Kalayaan, the
Katipunan’s newspaper.
• Madlang-away (fight of the
people) – his pen name.
• Collaborated with his best
friend Bonifacio in writing
the manifesto entitled Sa
Mga Kababayan.

34. Kalayaan
• Organ of the KKK
• Realizing the value of
the printed word,
Bonifacio and his
friends established a
printing press and an
organ of for the society.

35. Isabelo delos Reyes
• The printing press was
purchased from him.
• The money used to by the
printing press was donated
by two Visayan katipuneros:
– Francisco del Castillo
– Candido Iban – whose ticket
won the lottery.

36. Jose Rizal and the Katipunan
• From the time that Rizal was banished in
Dapitan in July of 1892, he has devoted
himself to helping the people in Dapitan.
• Bonifacio tried hard to convince Rizal to
support the armed revolt, because he
believed that if Rizal would give his approval,
that would enable the reluctant ilustrados to
support the cause of the Katipunan.

37. • Pio Valenzuela – was sent by Bonifacio in
Dapitan to convince Rizal to give his approval.
• Rizal – believed that it was foolishness to fight
the Spaniards without sufficient arms and
funds.
– He suggested that the Katipuneros wait for
sometime before the launching of an armed
struggle.

38. • Even so, he suggested as to why not attract the
influential and wealthy Filipinos to the cause to
ensure the success of the revolution. He also
suggested ANTONIO LUNA to be appointed as
their MILITARY LEADER
• Valenzuela came back to Manila and reported
the results of his mission, Bonifacio admitted that
it would be fatal for them to start a revolution
without enough weaponry with which to fight the
enemy.

39. • Paciano Rizal – Jose Rizal’s older brother
supported Bonifacio.
• Bonifacio – hang Rizal’s portrait in their
headquarters.

40. The Katipunan and Japan
• The Katipunan sought Japan’s aid in the
coming revolution.
– In May 1896, a Katipunan delegation, headed by
Bonifacio and Jacinto, secretly contacted a visiting
Japanese naval officer of the cruiser Kongo, and
the Japanese consul at a Japanese bazaar and
requested Japanese aid against Spain.
– Moritaro Tagawa – a Japanese married to Filipina
from Bocaue, Bulacan acted as interpreter.