Kinship refers to socially recognized relationships between people, including those based on blood, marriage, adoption, and other culturally accepted means. There are several types of kinship relationships, including consanguineal relationships based on blood or birth, affinal relationships through marriage, and fictive kinship relationships not based on blood or marriage. Marriage is an important social institution that establishes rights and obligations between spouses and can strengthen family relationships. While monogamy allows one husband and one wife, polygamy permits multiple spouses, taking the form of either polygyny of one man with multiple wives or rare polyandry of one woman with multiple husbands. Family structures are classified based on lineage, authority, residence,

1. Understanding
Culture,
Society and
Politics
MARILYN C. ESCOBIDO

2. KINSHIP
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3. ACTIVITY
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On a short bondpaper, Illustrate your
ideal family through a drawing or sketch.
Below it, write a brief explanation.

4. Kinship,
marriage,
and the
household

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OBJECTIVES
1. Define kinship, marriage and household.
2. Illustrate different types of families and forms of
marriage such as monogamy, polygamy and
polyandry.
3. Value the Filipino concept of marriage and how it
strengthens the relationship of each family.

6. WHAT IS KINSHIP?
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-Is a social institution that
refers to relations formed
between members of society
KINSHIP

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-Defined by sociologists as different
forms of socially accepted relations
amongst people through
-Blood or consanguineal
relationships
-Marriage
-Adoption
-Other culturally accepted ritual
KINSHIP

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10. Types of Kinship
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11. Types of Kinship
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1. Affinal Kinship
This kinship is based on
marriage.
-The relationship between
husband and wife is also
considered a basic form of
kinship.

12. Types of Kinship
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2. Consanguineal Kinship.
- Based on blood- or birth
- The relationship between
parents and children as well
as siblings- sociology group

13. Types of Kinship
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2. Consanguineal Kinship.
- Also known as primary
kinship, it involves people
who are directly related.
- Blood relationship

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3. Fictive Kinship
- Patterned on kin-like
relations but not actually
based upon blood or
marriage.

15. Types of Kinship
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3. Fictive Kinship
Examples
• Godparents/ co parents
(compradrazgo in latin America)
“Aunts”, “Uncle”, “Brothers”,
“sisters”

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RITUAL
KINSHIP

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18. KINSHIP
BY
MARRIAGE
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19. Marriage is an
important social
institution wherein
two persons, a man
and a woman,
enter into family
life.
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20. The family code of the
Philippines defines
marriage as a special
contract of permanent
union between man
and a woman entered
into in accordance with
law for the
establishment of
conjugal and family life. 20XX

21. MARRIAGE
-is a socially or ritually recognized union or
legal contract between spouses that
establishes rights and obligations between
them.
- means a socially approved sexual and
economic union, usually between a man and
a woman.

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23. MARRIAGE as durable alliance between groups.
-Sororate- widower marries one of his
deceased wife’s sisters.
-Levirate- widow married one of her
deceased husband’s brother.

24. Forms of Marriage
MONOGAMY POLYGAMY
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25. What Is
Monogamy?
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26. Monogamy
- Its is a form of marriage in
which one man is married to
one woman at a time.
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27. Monogamy
-It allows one wife to have
one husband till death and
only divorce/annulment
separates them apart.
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28. Monogamy
-This form of marriage is the
only universally recognized
form and is the predominant
even in societies where
other form exist.
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30. What Is
Polygamy?
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31. Polygamy
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-is Greek word meaning
” The practice of multiple
marriage”

32. Polygamy
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-It is marriage pattern in
which an individual is
married to more than one
person at a time.

33. Forms Polygamy
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1. Polygyny- is the correct
term for a marriage between
a man and multiple women.

34. Forms Polygamy
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2. Polyandry- is the correct
term for a marriage between
a woman and multiple men.

35. Forms Polygamy
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3. Group marriage- is a rare
form of marriage where
several males are married
simultaneously to several
females.

36. PRINCIPLES OF DESCENT

37. PRINCIPLES OF DESCENT
• A single line of ancestors from either the male or female line.
• Both males and females are members of a unilineal family but their descent lines are
recognized only through the relatives of either the male and female member.
• Forms
a. Patrilineal Form- both males and females belong to kin group of their father but they do
not belong to their mother’s kin group.
b. Matrilineal Form-focuses on the unilineal descent that is traced through the female
line.
- The persons are related if they can trace their descent through females to the same
woman ancestors.
1. UNILINEAL

38. PRINCIPLES OF DESCENT
•Forms of Unilineal
a. Patrilineal Form- both males and females belong to kin group
of their father but they do not belong to their mother’s kin
group.
b. Matrilineal Form-focuses on the unilineal descent that is
traced through the female line.
- The persons are related if they can trace their descent
through females to the same woman ancestors.

39. SELECTION OF MARRIAGE PARTNER
•ENDOGAMY- refers to the norms which
dictate that one should marry within one’s
clan or ethnic group.
•Exogamy- prescribe that one
outsides one’s clan or ethnic group.
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40. PRINCIPLES OF DESCENT
•Trace descent through study of both parents’
ancentors.
•Also called non-unilineal descent or cognatic
descent principle.
2. BILATERAL

41. PRINCIPLES OF DESCENT
male female
Marriage bond
Condescend
bond
Descent bond

42. •Descent- (pinagmulan ng angkan)
-refers to the origin or background of a person in
terms of family or nationality.
biological relationship; individual child or offspring
or ancestry.
•Line age- refers to the line where one descent is
traced
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43. FAMILY
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44. FAMILY
- Is considered the
basis unit of social
organization.
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45. FAMILY
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- Is set of people related by blood, marriage,
or agreed upon relations who share primary
responsibility for reproduction and caring
member’s of society.

46. FAMILY
STRUCTURES
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SINGLE PARENT
-consist of one parent and a
child or children residing in one
household

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Transnational
-families who live apart but who create and
maintain a “sense of collective welfare and
unity, in short “family bond” even upon
national borders.

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RECONSTITUTED
-blended family
- Family where one or more parents have
been married previously and they bring
with them children from their previous
marriage.
- Also called step family.

53. FAMILY CLASSIFICATION
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ON THE
BASIS OF
LINE AGE
ON THE
BASIS OG
AUTHORITY
ON THE
BASIS OF
RESIDENCE
ON THE
BASIS OF
AFFILIATION

54. ON THE BASIS OF LINE AGE
•(KINSHIP PATTERN)
“ To whom are we related?

55. ON THE BASIS OF LINE AGE
A. Patrilineal- on the father's relatives are
important.
B. Matrilineal- on the mother’s relatives are
important.
C. Bilateral- both sides of a person’s family are
regarded as equally important.

56. Who rules?
A.Patriarchal- One in which authority is vested on the
oldest male in the family, father is considered the head.
B. Matriarchal- One in which authority is vested on the
mother’s kin. Mother dominates the household.
ON THE BASIS OG AUTHORITY

57. C. Egalitarian-family in which spouses(husband and wife
exercise a more or less equal amount to authority.
D. Matricentric- as recently type found usually in the
suburbs of the US
- In suburban families, the father commutes to work and his
absence gives the mother dominant position in the family,
although the father may also share with the mother in decision
making.
ON THE BASIS OG AUTHORITY

58. Family based on residence

59. Family based on residence
•Patrilocal- rule of residence when married couples
stay in the house of the husband’s relatives or near
the husband’s kin.
•Matrilocal- Bilocal- rule of residence when the
couples love with wife’s relatives or near the
wife’s kin.

60. Family based on residence
•Neolocal-permits the newly married to reside
independently of the parents.
•Bilocal- residence happens when the
newlywed couple stay with the husband’s
relatives and the wife’s kin alternately.

61. •TO WHOM ARE YOU AFFILIATED?
•FAMILY OR ORIENTATION- with your parents and siblings.
•FaMILY of PRO-CREATION- with your wife or husband and
children.
ON THE BASIS OF AFFILIATION

62. Referred Marriage and Arranged
Marriage
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Referred Marriage-happens through
the help of a matchmaker

63. Referred Marriage and Arranged
Marriage
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Referred Marriage-happens through the help of
a matchmaker
Arranged Marriage- also know as fixed
marriage, in this kind of marriage, the man
or woman’s parents, community leaders,
religious officials or leaders determine the
marital partner of the individual.

64. Types of Arranged Marriage
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a. Child Marriage-happens when parents
arrange for the marriage of their child long
before the marriage takes place.
b. Exchange Marriage- these is reciprocal
exchange of spouses between 2 countries,
tribes or group.

65. Types of Arranged Marriage
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c. Diplomatic marriage– arranged marriage
has been established between 2 political
families in order for forge political or diplomatic
alliances.
d. Modern arranged marriage- the child’s
parents, with the consent of the child,
choose several possible mates

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69. Thank you☺
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