This document discusses different types of kinship systems including those based on blood, marriage, and ritual. It outlines kinship structures like unilineal and bilateral descent, monogamy and polygamy, and fictive kinship through godparenthood. Family and household types are also examined such as nuclear, extended, and reconstituted families. The document concludes with discussing political aspects of kinship including dynasties and alliances.

1. Kinship,
Marriage,
and the
Household
a. Kinship by blood
b. Kinship by marriage
c. Kinship by ritual
d. Family and the household
e. Politics of kingship

2. a. Kinship by blood
 Unilineality-is a system of determining
descent groups in which one belongs to one's
father's or mother's line, whereby one's
descent is traced either exclusively through
male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively
through female ancestors (matriline).

3. Matrilineal-is the tracing of descent through the
female line. It may also correlate with a societal
system in which each person is identified with
their matriline – their mother's lineage – and
which can involve the inheritance of property
and/or titles.

4.  Patrilineal- also known as the male line, the
spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common
kinship system in which an individual's family
membership derives from and is recorded
through his or her father's lineage.

5.  Bilateral-is a system of family lineage in which
the relatives on the mother's side and father's
side are equally important for emotional ties
or for transfer of property or wealth.

6. b. Kinship by marriage
 Monogamy- is a form of relationship in which an
individual has only one partner during their lifetime
— alternately, only one partner at any one time
(serial monogamy) — as compared to non-
monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory). The
term is also applied to the social behavior of some
animals, referring to the state of having only one
mate at any one time.

7.  Polygamy- is the practice of marrying multiple
spouses. When a man is married to more
than one wife at a time, sociologists call this
polygyny. When a woman is married to more
than one husband at a time, it is called
polyandry

8. Post-marital residency rules
 Post-marital residence patterns and descent
rules are a sociological key variable, because
in human societies they determine family and
kinship patterns. Those structures were
classified in the 19th century by evolutionist
models which, to some degree, still influence
modern perspectives on past societies.

9. Referred marriage
 In every society, marriage has certain rules, such
as endogamy, exogamy, incest taboos and other
restrictions. These rules are applicable to all the
kins of the family. Usually, the rural people are
more serious and strict in observing the rules
related to marriage. Exogamy is commonly
followed in most of the villages of India. The
members of the villages do not prefer to marry
within their own village. However, this rule can
vary on the basis of the severity of rules of
marriage.

10. c. Kinship by ritual
 Compadrazgo- is best described as a system of
fictive kinship, with its origins in the medieval
Catholic church in Europe. It can be loosely
translated as ‘godparenthood’. Through baptism of
a child into the Christian church, compadrazgo
sets up a relationship between the child's
biological mother and father and (possibly
unrelated) persons who become spiritual parents.
The latter sponsor the child's acceptance into the
Church and, theoretically at least, are responsible
for his or her religious education.

11. Family and the household
 Nuclear family-is a family group consisting of two
parents and their children (one or more).[1] It is in
contrast to a single-parent family, to the larger
extended family, and to a family with more than two
parents.
 Extended family-is a family that extends beyond the
nuclear family, consisting of parents like father, mother,
and their children, aunts, uncles, and cousins, all living
nearby or in the same household. An example is a
married couple that lives with either the husband or the
wife's parents.

12.  Reconstituted family-is a family where at least
one parent has children that are not
genetically related to the other spouse or
partner. Either parent may have children from
a previous relationship. Children in a
stepfamily may live with one biological parent,
or they may live with each biological parent
for a period of time.

13. Politics of kinship
 Political Dynasty- is a sequence of rulers from
the same family, usually in the context of a
feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes
also appearing in elective republics. The
dynastic family or lineage may be known as a
"noble house",[2] which may be styled as
"royal", "princely", "ducal", "comital", etc.,
depending upon the chief or present title
borne by its members.

14.  Alliance-is a relationship among people,
groups, or states that have joined together for
mutual benefit or to achieve some common
purpose, whether or not explicit agreement
has been worked out among them.