This document defines key terminology related to kidney disorders. It provides definitions for over 30 terms, including types of kidney injury and failure like acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and end stage kidney disease. It also defines processes involved in treating kidney disease, such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, glomerular filtration rate, and different stages of chronic kidney disease. Overall, the document serves as a glossary of important medical terms used in nephrology and kidney function.

1. TERMINOLOGIES :
KIDNEY
DISORDERS
DR.MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

2. ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY -AKI
• Rapid loss of renal function
due to damage to the kidneys
(Acute Renal Failure)

3. ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS-
ATN
• A type of kidney injury in
which there is damage to the
kidney tubules

4. ANURIA
• Total urine output less than 50
ml in 24 hours

5. ARTERIO VENOUS FISTULA
• A type of vascular access for
dialysis created by surgery
connecting an artery to a vein

6. ATERIO VENOUS GRAFT
• Surgically created vascular access
for dialysis by which a piece of
biologic, semi biologic or
synthetic graft material connects
the patient’s artery to a vein

7. AZOTEMIA
• Abnormal concentration of
nitrogenous wastes in the blood

8. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
• Kidney damage or a decrease in
the glomerular filteration rate
lasting for 3 or more months

9. CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS -CAPD
• A method of peritoneal dialysis
in which a peritoneal dialysis
machine (cycler) automatically
performs exchanges, usually
while the patient sleeps

10. CONTINUOS RENAL
REPLACEMENT THERAPY - CRRT
• Method used to replace normal
kidney function by circulating
the patient’s blood through a
hemofilter and returning it to
the patient

11. DIALYSATE
• The electrolytic solution that
circulated through the dialyzer in
hemodialysis and through the
peritoneal membrane in
peritoneal dialysis

12. DIALYZER
• Artificial kidney, contains a semi-
permiable membrane through
which particles of a certain size
can pass

13. DIFFUSION
• Movement of solutes (waste
products) from an area of higher
concentration to an area of
lower concentration

14. EFFLUENT
• Term used to describe the
drained fluid from a peritoneal
dialysis exchange

15. END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
-ESKD
• Final stage of chronic kidney
disease that results in retention
of uremic waste products and
the need for renal replacement
therapies, also called Chronic
Renal Failure

16. STAGES OF CHRONIC
KIDNEY DISEASE
STAGE GFR GFR DECREASE
I > 90 ml/min/1-73m2 Kidney damage with normal or
increase GFR
II 60-89 ml/min/1-73m2 Mild decrease in GFR
III 30-59 ml/min/1-73m2 Moderate decrease in GFR
IV 15-29 ml/min/1-73m2 Severe decrease in GFR
V <15 ml/min/1-73m2 End stage kidney disease or
CRF

17. EXCHANGE
• Denotes a complete cycle
including fill, dwell and drain
phases of peritoneal dialysis

18. GLOMERULAR FILTERATION
RATE -GFR
• Amount of plasma filtered
through the glomeruli per unit of
time

19. GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
• Inflammation of the glomerular
capillaries

20. HEMODIALYSIS
• Procedure during which a
person’s blood is circulated
through a dialyzer to remove
waste products and excess fluid

21. INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
• Inflammation within the renal
tissue

22. NEPHROSCLEROSIS
• Hardening of the renal arteries

23. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
• Type of renal failure with
increased glomerular
permiability and massive
proteinuria

24. NEPHROTOXIC
• Any substance, medication or
action that destroys kidney
tissues

25. OLIGURIA
• Urine output less than
0.5mL/kg/hr

26. OSMOSIS
• Movement of water through a
semipermeable membrane from
an area of lower solute
concentration to an area of
higher solute concentration

27. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
• Procedure that uses the lining of
the patient’s peritoneal cavity as
the semipermiable membrane
for exchange of fluids and
solutes

28. PERITONITIS
• Inflammation of the peritoneal
membrane (lining of the
peritoneal cavity)

29. POLYURIA
• Large amounts of urine

30. PYELONEPHRITIS
• Inflammation of the renal pelvis

31. ULTRAFILTERATION
• Process whereby water is
removed from the blood by
means of a pressure gradient
between the patient's blood and
the dialysate

32. UREMIA
• An excess of urea and other
nitrogenous wastes in the blood

33. URINARY CASTS
• Protein secreted by the damaged
kidney tubules

34. THANK YOU