The timing behavior of the OS must be predictable - services of the OS: Upper bound on the execution time!
2. OS must manage the timing and scheduling
OS possibly has to be aware of task deadlines;
(unless scheduling is done off-line).
3. The OS must be fast
INTRODUCTION: One popular RTOS For the E.S development is microCOS-ll for noncommercial use, it is free ware .jean J.labrosse designed it in 1992 it is well developed for a no.of applications.it is available from micrium it is popularly known as MUCOS (or) UCOS.
RTOS-MicroC/OS-II
It is a priority-based real-time multitasking operating system kernel for microprocessors, written mainly in the C programming language.It is intended for use in embedded systems.
The timing behavior of the OS must be predictable - services of the OS: Upper bound on the execution time!
2. OS must manage the timing and scheduling
OS possibly has to be aware of task deadlines;
(unless scheduling is done off-line).
3. The OS must be fast
INTRODUCTION: One popular RTOS For the E.S development is microCOS-ll for noncommercial use, it is free ware .jean J.labrosse designed it in 1992 it is well developed for a no.of applications.it is available from micrium it is popularly known as MUCOS (or) UCOS.
RTOS-MicroC/OS-II
It is a priority-based real-time multitasking operating system kernel for microprocessors, written mainly in the C programming language.It is intended for use in embedded systems.
Operating system - Process and its conceptsKaran Thakkar
This presentation gives an overview of Process concepts in Operating System. The presentation aims at alleviating most of the overheads while understanding the process concept in operating system. this tailor made presentation will help individuals to understand the overall meaning of process and its underlying concepts used in an operating system.
Operating system - Process and its conceptsKaran Thakkar
This presentation gives an overview of Process concepts in Operating System. The presentation aims at alleviating most of the overheads while understanding the process concept in operating system. this tailor made presentation will help individuals to understand the overall meaning of process and its underlying concepts used in an operating system.
For Complete Learning: http://www.thelearnet.com/
Process Concept
Process Scheduling
Operations on Processes
Cooperating Processes
Interprocess Communication
Communication in Client-Server Systems
Processes and Threads in modern Operating systemssuserf2075d
To format numbers, select the cell that you want to format, on the Home tab, in the Number group, do one of the following :
Click the Accounting Number Format button to display the number with a dollar sign.
NOTE: You can select a different currency symbol by clicking the Accounting Number Format arrow and selecting the desired symbol from the menu.
Click the Percent Style button to convert the number to a percentage and display it with a percent sign.
Click the Comma Style button to display the number with comma separators and two decimal places.
NOTE: You can access additional number formats from the Number Format menu
SA_IT241_1
WHAT ARE THE DECISIOSNS ASSOCIATED WITH CPU SCHEDULING: 1. Running to Waiting State 2. Running to Ready State 3. Waiting to Ready 4. Termination
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SCHEDULING: 1. Non preemptive: the process keeps running until it has finished. 2. Preemptive: the process can be kicked from and let another process execute
WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF CONTEXT SWITCH
1. Saving the state of the old process
2. Loading the state of the new process
3. Context switch is an overhead
4. Some hardware provides multiple context switch
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR TERMINATION OF CHILD PROCESS:
• High usage of resources.
• Task assigned to the child is not required anymore.
• Parent process is terminating
REASONS FOR PROCESS COOPERATION:
1. Information Sharing
2. Computation speedup
3. Modularity
WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF DIRECT COMMUNICATION LINK:
1. Established Automatically
2. Associated with one pair
3. Between each pair only one link
4. Bidirectional (may be unidirectional)
WHAT IS THE PROPERIES OF INDIRECT COMMUNICATION LINK:
1. Established only if processes share a common mailbox
2. Associated with many processes
3. Unidirectional or bidirectional
WHAT ARE THE BENFITS OF THREADING:
1. Responsiveness
2. Resource Sharing
3. Economical (cheap)
4. Scalability
WHAT ARE THE MULTICORE CHALLENGES:
1. Dividing activities
2. Balance
3. Data splitting
4. Data dependency
5. Testing and debugging
WHAT ARE THE DECISIOSNS ASSOCIATED WITH CPU SCHEDULING:
1. Running to Waiting State
2. Running to Ready State
3. Waiting to Ready
4. Termination
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SCHEDULING:
1. Non preemptive: the process keeps running until it has finished
2. Preemptive: the process can be kicked from and let another process execute
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF SCHEDULING:
1. The OS deciding which software thread to run on the logical CPU.
2. How each core decides which hardware to run on the physical core.
WHAT ARE THE STEPS TO ENTER CRITICAL SECTIONS
1. Asking permission in entry section
2. After critical section, an Exit section is entered.
3. Remained Section
WHAT ARE THE STEPS TO ENTER CRITICAL SECTIONS
1. Asking permission in entry section
2. After critical section, an Exit section is entered.
3. Remained Section
• WHEN ARE THEY EQUAL?
1. compile time
2. load-time address-binding schemes.
• WHEN ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
1. execution-time address-binding scheme.
WHAT IS THE INFORMATION MAINTAINED BY THE OS:
1. Allocated partitions.
2. Free Partitions (holes).
WHAT ARE THE MAIN STEPS NEEDED IN PAGING?
1. Divide physical memory into frames
2. Divide logical memory into pages
3. Keep track of all free frames
4. Set up a page table to translate logical to physical addresses
Q: MENTION THE TWO METHODS TO IMPLEMENT THE VIRTUAL MEMORY?
1. Demand Paging
2. Demand Segmentation
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Kcd226 Sistem Operasi Lecture04
1. Lecture 4
Interprocess and Scheduling
4.1. Interprocess communication
4.2. Classical IPC problems
4.3. Scheduling
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
1
2. Interprocess Communication
Race Conditions
Two processes want to access shared memory at same time
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
2
3. Critical Regions (1)
Four conditions to provide mutual exclusion
1. No two processes simultaneously in critical region
2. No assumptions made about speeds or numbers of CPUs
3. No process running outside its critical region may block
another process
4. No process must wait forever to enter its critical region
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
3
4. Critical Regions (2)
Mutual exclusion using critical regions
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
4
5. Mutual Exclusion with Busy Waiting (1)
Proposed solution to critical region problem
(a) Process 0.
Sistem Operasi
(b) Process 1.
http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
5
6. Mutual Exclusion with Busy Waiting (2)
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
Peterson's solution for achieving mutual exclusion 6
7. Mutual Exclusion with Busy Waiting (3)
Entering and leaving a critical region using the
Sistem Operasi TSL instruction
http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
7
12. Monitors (2)
• Outline of producer-consumer problem with monitors
– only one monitor procedure active at one time
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
– buffer has N slots 12
13. Monitors (3)
Solution to producer-consumer problem in Java (part 1)
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
13
14. Monitors (4)
Solution to producer-consumer problem in Java (part 2)
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
14
16. Barriers
• Use of a barrier
– processes approaching a barrier
– all processes but one blocked at barrier
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
– last process arrives, all are let through 16
17. Dining Philosophers (1)
• Philosophers eat/think
• Eating needs 2 forks
• Pick one fork at a time
• How to prevent deadlock
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
17
18. Dining Philosophers (2)
A nonsolution to the dining philosophers problem
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
18
19. Dining Philosophers (3)
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
Solution to dining philosophers problem (part 1) 19
20. Dining Philosophers (4)
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
Solution to dining philosophers problem (part 2) 20
21. The Readers and Writers Problem
A solution to the readers and writers problem
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
21
22. The Sleeping Barber Problem (1)
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
22
23. The Sleeping Barber Problem (2)
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
Solution to sleeping barber problem. 23
24. Scheduling
Introduction to Scheduling (1)
• Bursts of CPU usage alternate with periods of I/O wait
– a CPU-bound process
– an I/O bound process
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
24
25. Introduction to Scheduling (2)
Sistem Operasi Scheduling Algorithm Goals
http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
25
26. Scheduling in Batch Systems (1)
An example of shortest job first scheduling
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
26
27. Scheduling in Batch Systems (2)
Sistem Operasi Three level scheduling
http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
27
28. Scheduling in Interactive Systems (1)
• Round Robin Scheduling
– list of runnable processes
– list of runnable processes after B uses up its quantum
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
28
29. Scheduling in Interactive Systems (2)
A scheduling algorithm with four priority classes
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
29
30. Scheduling in Real-Time Systems
Schedulable real-time system
• Given
– m periodic events
– event i occurs within period Pi and requires Ci
seconds
• Then the load can only be handled if
m
Ci
∑ P ≤1
i =1
Sistem Operasi i
http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
30
31. Policy versus Mechanism
• Separate what is allowed to be done with
how it is done
– a process knows which of its children threads
are important and need priority
• Scheduling algorithm parameterized
– mechanism in the kernel
• Parameters filled in by user processes
– policy set by user process
Sistem Operasi http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
31
32. Thread Scheduling (1)
Possible scheduling of user-level threads
• 50-msec process quantum
• threads run http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
Sistem Operasi
5 msec/CPU burst 32
33. Thread Scheduling (2)
Possible scheduling of kernel-level threads
• 50-msec process quantum
• threads run http://fasilkom.narotama.ac.id/
Sistem Operasi 5 msec/CPU burst
33
