This document discusses the Hawaiian language grammatical structure of pepeke kälele külana, which places important information like time, location, manner at the beginning of sentences. It provides examples of sentences restructured this way from English to Hawaiian, such as "In Kailua is where he lived with me." It also covers the different verb structures used with pepeke kälele külana and concludes with a list of 10 common questions words used to start sentences in this structure, including "Where?", "When?" and "How?".

1. Ka Pepeke Kälele
Külana

2. Ka Pepeke Kälele Külana
o Hawaiian is a language in which
the most important things are
stressed by putting them at the
beginning of a sentence
o pepeke kälele külana put heavy
stress on time, location, manner,
companions, etc.
n things that are usually in the ÿawe

3. Nä laÿana
n I went to the beach.
n To the beach is where I went.
n Kema is sleeping in his room.
n In his room is where Kema is sleeping.
n The children are going to play outside.
n Outside is where the children are going to
play.

4. Ua painu
Ke painu nei
E painu ana
E painu
The pepeke kälele külana has its own set of mäka painu:
Külana/ÿawe + (papani) + i painu ai
Külana/ÿawe + (papani) + e painu nei
Külana/ÿawe + ana + (papani) + e painu ai
Külana/ÿawe + (papani) + e painu ai

5. E hoÿomaka me ke külana (time, place, manner)
Ua noho ʻo ia me aʻu ma Kailua.
He lived with me in Kailua.
Ma Kailua ʻo ia i noho ai me aʻu.
In Kailua is where he lived with
me.

6. E holoholo ana au me Kawai mä.
I am going to cruise with Kawai
folks.
Me Kawai mä ana au e holoholo ai.
With Kawai folks is who we are
going to cruise with.
E hoÿomaka me ke külana (time, place, manner)

7. Ua nänä mäua iä “Sherlock
Holmes.”
We watched “Sherlock Holmes.”
Iä “Sherlock Holmes” mäua i nänä
ai.
It was “Sherlock Holmes” that we watched.
E hoÿomaka me ke külana (time, place, manner)

8. E hoÿololi i këia hopuna ÿölelo i ke kälele
külana, a laila e unuhi i ka ÿölelo Haole.
Ua heÿe hau ÿoe me Leikapu.
Me Leikapu ÿoe i heÿe hau ai.
Leikapu is who you sled with.

9. E hoÿololi i këia hopuna ÿölelo i ke kälele
külana, a laila e unuhi i ka ÿölelo Haole.
Ke hoÿokani pila nei koÿu ÿohana
ma Maui.
Ma Maui
koÿu ÿohana.
e hoÿokani pila nei
Maui is where my family is playing music.
* Note that the the piko ‘koÿu ÿohana’ did not move up to the
front because it is NOT a papani

10. E hoÿololi i këia hopuna ÿölelo i ke kälele
külana, a laila e unuhi i ka
ÿölelo Haole.
E hiamoe ana käkou i ka hola
ÿumi.
I ka hola ÿumi ana e hiamoe ai.käkou
Ten o’clock is when we are going to sleep.
* Note that the the piko ‘käkou’ DID move up to the front
because it is a papani

11. E hoÿololi i këia hopuna ÿölelo i ke kälele
külana, a laila e unuhi i ka ÿölelo Haole.
E heÿenalu ana ÿo Hanalē ma
Honoliÿi.
Ma Honoliÿi ana e heÿenalu ai ÿo Hanalē.
Honoliÿi is where Maka will go surfing.

12. E hoÿololi i këia hopuna ÿölelo i ke kälele
külana, a laila e unuhi i ka ÿölelo Haole.
Ke ÿai nei ÿo Uluwehi i ka palaoa
palai ma Kühiö Grille.
Ma Kühiö Grille e ÿai nei ÿo Uluwehi i ka palaoa palai.
At Kühiö Grille is where Uluwehi is eating
pancakes.

13. Nä Nïnau
o There are 10 Kälele Külana questions that are used in
the beginning of the sentence:
1. (Aia) I hea? / Ma hea? - Where?
2. No ke aha (mai)? - Why?
3. I ka wä/manawa hea? - When
4. I ka hola ÿehia? - What time?
5. Pehea? - How?
6. Iä wai? - To whom?
7. Me wai? - With whom?
8. Ähea? - When will…?
9. Inähea? - When did…?
10. I ka mea hea? - (In) which mea?

14. E hoÿäÿo i këia mau mea!
6. Where did they (3) go?
7. When will you buy the ticket (kikiki)?
8. What time will the movie start?
9. To who are we (2 incl) going to give the
money?
10. How did the class end?