1) Norway has opportunities in offshore wind power as companies like Statoil have world-leading floating wind technologies and others supply components and services. 2) Solar cell production using silicon is a Norwegian specialty, with companies like Elkem and Norsun that produce high quality silicon for solar cells. 3) Batteries are increasingly important for energy storage as the use of renewable energy grows, and Norway can target areas like raw materials, battery components, and electric vehicles.

1. Green technology solutions
Josefine Helene Selj
Reserach scientists, Solar Department, Institute for Energy Technology
Assistant Professor II, University of Oslo

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Renewable energy and cleantech
opportunities from a Norwegian perspective

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• Wind installations 2015: 63 GW
• Wind installations 2016: 57 GW
• Expected in 2017: 59 GW
• Almost 5 GW of offshore wind
are likely to be commissioned,
more than double last year’s 2
GW.
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Global trends – wind power

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• Onshore wind is a
mature market
• Can be difficult to enter.
• Potential niches:
• turbine blades of
carbonfiber
• operation of wind farms.
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Wind - The Norwegian perspective
For Norway, offshore wind may be the most promising growth market.
Generally, offshore is more expensive, but there are good reasons why offshore wind
is growing fast: enough space, few environmental consequences, more wind.

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• Statoil – world leading position within floating wind technologies.
• Statkraft – was a big actor, but interest is reduced. Still builds and operates
farms.
• ABB og Nexans - sell power electronics and cables to the wind farms.
• Fred Olsen-gruppens Windcarrier – makes tailored ships for installation of
turbins.
• Engineering companies, like Dr. techn. Olav Olsen sells services and develop
new floating concepts.
• Fugro OCEANOR sells weather services
• Kongsberggruppen develop services for monitoring of complete farms
• Kjeller Vindteknikk measures and models wind resources
• Several overlapping competance areas between offshore oil and offshore wind.
• Challenge for Norway to get a better position as producer of components for wind
farms.
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Owners, operators and subsuppliers for
wind power

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King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center
Tomorrows urban power stations!
OsloSolar
Masdar, Abu Dhabi

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Global trends PV
• Installed PV capacity 2015: 56 GW (Annual turnover ~1000 BNOK!)
• Installed PV capacity 2016: almost 70 GW
• Expected for 2017: 75 GW

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• The global solar cell industry is suddenly quite important
• <0.1 % of global electricity production as late as in 2009
• 1% in 2014
• 2% in 2017
• 5% in mid 2020s?
• …
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The solar revolution – 1

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• Important topics ahead
• Solar cell and module technology
• Increased efficiency
• Reduced production costs along the entire production value chain
• Reduced environmental footprint and recyclability
• Improved field performance
• Extended system lifetime
• System operation and maintenance becomes increasingly important
• High performance producers must demonstrate benefits in a system setting
• High efficiency is still very important(!) to balance other system costs
• But niche markets wil increase
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The solar revolution – technology trends

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Evolution or revolution?
ITRPV 2015, FhG ISE 2015

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Silicon based solar cell technology – a
Norwegian speciality
• Silicon is the dominating material for making solar cells
• > 90% market share
• Good efficiency
• Robust technology
• Bonus: this is a Norwegian speciality

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• Producing >6000 tonn Si/å
• ~1 GWp solar cells
• Factory at Fiskaa (Kristiansand)
• New factory opend at Herøya
this year!
• ~60 new jobs
• Very energy efficient process
• Has won tenders in France and
Japan based on CO2 emissions
• R&D needs
• Continous process development
• Increase field performance
Elkem Solar
Gløckner et al. – Prosin 2015

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• Produce high quality silicon
wafers for the global market
• Their wafers are used in the most
demanding factories in the world
• High degree of autonomy
• Investing in new technologi in
their Norwegian factory in Årdal
• R&D needs
• Cost reductions
• Material quality
Norsun

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• Revolutionary technology for
producing pure silicon
• Has recently demonstrated:
• Extremely low energy consumption
• Extremely fast production
• Extremely low capital costs
• Working to get the first factory up
• R&D needs
• Process
• Materialquality
Dynatec
TU 2015

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• World leading developer of PV
parks
• Strong international position
• South Africa, Brazil, Honduras,
USA, Czech republic, Mali,
Rwanda
• Soon 1 GWp
• Use other Norwegian companies
as subsuppliers
• Needs in R&D
• Operation and monitoring
• Forecasting
• …
Scatec Solar

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Saving the world with a profit…

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• Leading technology and market positions within silicon production
• PV plant installation and operation in other countries
• Could take positions within cell-fabrication?
• Need excellent technology, high automation level
• Subsupplier of specialized components
• Module fabrication? Building integration?
• Installations of PV systems in Norway has just begun…
• PV installations
• PV monitoring
• Components, aluminum, racks etc
• Services and new business models (Otovo)
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The Norwegian perspective

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Oseana

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New Norwegian Innovation Cluster
Solenergiklyngen
PV in Norway: about 1000 employers, 75 companies (ref. multiconsult).

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Partnere
Elkem Solar Fortum Otovo
Scatec Fredrikstad Energi Ressurs og Miljø
Scatec Solar Gaia Solar Solbes
Eltek Green Energy Solbære
Multiconsult Herøya Industripark Solcellesystemer
Asplan Viak Home Control Solel
FUSen In Partner STS Solar Technologies
Solcellespesialisten InnoS Sun-Net
Accenture Irenewables Sunergy
AEGA Solar Kjeller Vinteknikk Sweco (Bergen)
Dynatec Kube TEC Integrate
ECT LOS Energi Wen Energy
Eidsiva N Elkotek X2 Innovation Center
eSmart Systems Norsk Solenergi Zenika
Enøkplan Nordic Investment ÅF Reinertsen
OBOS prosjekt NOVAS Cowi
Umoe OBOS prosjekt Optistring
Bedrifter
• Who is installing
and operating PV
systems in Norway
• Omsorgsbygg
• Undervisningsbygg
• Statsbygg
• ASKO
• OBOS
• Norgesgruppen
• Eneboliger
• Borettslag

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1. More intermittent, renewable energy in the grid – increased need for storage
when the sun is not shining and the wind not blowing.
2. Displace energy use in time
3. Find «extra value» such as peak shaving, grid stability services, backup power
4. For long term storage (weeks, season), hydrogen is much cheaper than
batteries.
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Consequences of the
solar revolution:
Grid & storage
By great cost reductions the last
years, batteries are now increasingly
relevant also for large scale storage.

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Large price drop – large market growth
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• The market for EV is rising, the price drops (and vice versa)

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Why are Li-ion batteries so important?
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• Continuous evolution of profitable batteries
• Evolution in technology gives revolution in market

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More than 1 000 000 electric cars
• Which European country will Tesla choose for their next gigafactory?

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Batteries – the Norwegian perspective
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Raw
material
Adapted
raw
material
Batteries Modules End-user

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• Going from electrical energy to hydrogen
and back to electrical energy – about 30-
35% of the energy remains.
• But - significant benefits include:
• The hydrogen can be made at any time
• Not heavy
• Floating hydrogen can be transported by
ship (like LNG today)
• Long term storage (weeks, season)
• Immature market, but several Norwegian
actors have world leading competance
within their niches
• hydrogentanks (Hexagon) and
electrolysis (NEL).
• Innovative end-users in Norway include
Ruter, ASKO and Statens veivesen.
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Hydrogen

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• Solar cells are becoming…
• …increasingly mainstream
• …increasingly affordable and competitive
• …increasingly able to take large production shares in little time
• …very important in increasing numbers of countries
• …the World’s largest producers of electricity surprisingly soon?
• Batteries are rapidly becoming relevant.
• Hydrogen is next in line.
• Norwegian research groups and companies well placed to (at least)
grow with the global industry, both in solar cells, offshore wind,
batteries, and hydrogen.
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Conclusions

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www.ife.no
Josefine.selj@ife.no
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Thank you for the
attention!