4. Definition:-
Abrupt loss of kidney function.
Rapid deterioration of kidney function (Days to
week).
Characterized by elevated s.creatinine, urea & other
nitrogenous waste products.
6. Types or categories:- 3
Pre-renal
Intra renal
Post renal
Pre-renal-
Due to decreased blood supply to the kidney.
Reduced cardiac output.
Hypotension.
Hypovolaemia.
7. Other causes-
Hemorrhage (Trauma,surgery).
Diarrhea & vomiting.
Severe burn.
Thrombosis or stenosis of renal artery.
Intra-renal-
Glomerulonephritis- Disease of the glomerulus.
Caused by abnormal immune reaction that damage glomerulus.
Tubular necrosis- Destruction of epithelial cells of the tubule.
8. Causes-
1-Severe ischemia
2-Inadequate supply of oxygen & nutrients to the tubular epithelium
cells.
3-Poisons(snake bite, bee bite).
4-Toxins (CCl4,Hg,Pb,Cd,ethelyne glycol).
5-Medication (cis-platinum, tetracycline, cyclophasphamide).
9. Post-renal-
Caused by abnormalities of the lower urinary tract.
1-B/L obstruction of ureters or renal pelvis, caused by large
stones or blood clots.
2-Bladder obstruction.
3-Obstruction of urethra.
10. Symptoms of AKI-
Fluid overload
Hyperkalemia
Nausea & vomiting
Loss of appetite
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
headache
11. Diagnosis of AKI-
Increased Scr by more than 0.3mg/dl within 48 hours.
Increased Scr by more than or equal to 1.3 mg/dl that have
occur prior to 7 days.
Decrease urine output less than 0.5ml/kg/hr for more than
6 hours.
12. References
Jhon T. daugirdas (Handbook of dialysis)
Md. A.shob (Clinical nephrology)
Gytons & hall (Medical physiology)
Others – internet
