Acute renal failure-pathophysiology

1. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
(MEDICAL SCIENCES)
PREPARED BY:
M.HARIHARAN.
S.NIVEDHA
CONTACT - 9787712676
E-MAIL - inspireharish2001@gmail.com

2. INTRODUCTION
 The term renal failure denotes the
inability of the kidneys to perform
excretory function leading to retention of
nitrogenous waste products from the
blood.

3. FUNCTIONS OF URINARY
SYSTEM
Electrolyte and volume regulation.
Excretion of nitrogenous waste.
Elimination of exogenous molecules, for example, many
drugs.
Synthesis of a variety of hormones, for example,
erythropoietin.
Metabolism of low molecular weight proteins, for example,
insulin

4. DEFINITION-ACUTE
RENAL FAILURE
 A condition in which the kidneys
suddenly can't filter waste from the
blood.
 Acute renal failure develops rapidly over
a few hours or days. It may be fatal. It's
most common in those who are critically
ill and already hospitalised.

5. SYMPTOMS-ACUTE RENAL
FAILURE
 Not enough urine
 Swelling in your legs, ankles or feet
 Feeling tired
 Trouble catching your breath
 Feeling confused
 Nausea
 Pain or pressure in your chest
 If you have very severe AKI, you may have
seizures or fall into a coma.

6. CAUSES
 Low blood pressure.
 Bleeding too much.
 Having severe diarrhea.
 Heart disease or heart attack.
 Infection.
 Liver failure.
 Using NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs), such as aspirin,
ibuprofen and naproxen.

7. CAUSES
 Blood clots in or around the kidneys.
 Diseases that affect the kidneys, such
as glomerulonephritis and lupus.
 Some blood or blood vessel disorders.
 Kidney stones.
 Bladder problems.
 Enlarged prostate (in men)Alcohol or
drug abuse.

8. SYMPTOMS

9. SYMPTOMS
Confusion.
Nausea.
Weakness.
Irregular heartbeat.
Chest pain or pressure.
Seizures or coma in severe cases.
Sometimes acute kidney failure causes no
signs or symptoms and is detected through lab
tests done for another reason.

10. RISK FACTORS:
 Advanced age.
 Blockages in the blood vessels in your
arms or legs (peripheral artery disease)
 Diabetes.
 High blood pressure.
 Heart failure.
 Kidney diseases.
 Liver diseases.
 Certain cancers and their treatments.

11. DIAGNOSIS
Urine output measurements.
Urine tests.
Blood tests.
Imaging tests.
CT Scan.
Biopsy.
Ultrasound.
Urine analysis.

13. COMPLICATIONS

15. TREATMENTS
 Diet-low potassium intake.
 Dialysis.
 Exercise.
 Drinks more water.
 Healthy foods.
 yoga.

16. DRUGS FOR RENAL
FAILURE

17. THE END
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