The document is a capstone project report on designing and developing a drilling fixture. It was submitted by 5 students to their professor at PEC University of Technology. The report includes drawings of the drilling fixture, descriptions of the manufacturing operations used like gas cutting and milling, benefits of using drilling fixtures like reduced setup time and improved accuracy, research on relevant concepts like jigs, fixtures and drill bushings, design considerations for the fixture components, specifications for the parts, and plans for future improvements.

1. DRILLING FIXTURE
CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT
DRILLING FIXTURE
Submitted by
Jeewanjot Singh Student ID: 11109014
Manjeet Singh Student ID: 11109018
Pradeep Tiwari Student ID: 11109020
Rohit Jhanwar Student ID: 11109023
Sumer Meena Student ID: 11109025
Under the Guidance of:
Prof Rahul O. Vaishya
Associate Professor
PEC University of Technology
Department of Production and Industrial Engineering
PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh
January 2015 to May 2015

2. DRILLING FIXTURE
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project work entitled “DRILLING FIXTURE” is an authentic
record of our own work carried out at PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh under the
guidance of Prof. Rahul O. Vaishya, during the period from January to May, 2015. The
project has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any
degree / diploma etc.
(Signature of student) (Signature of student) (Signature of student)
Jeewanjot Singh Manjeet Singh Pradeep Tiwari
SID-11109014 SID-11109018 SID-11109020
(Signature of student) (Signature of student)
Rohit Jhanwar Sumer Meena
SID-11109023 SID-11109023
Date:
Certified that the above statement made by the students is correct to the best of our knowledge
and belief.
Prof. Rahul Vaishya
Faculty Coordinator

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It’s our pleasure to present this capstone project report, a written testimony of our hard work and
excellent guidance & co-operation gained from seniors and faculty members at our college, PEC
University of Technology.
We would like to express our special thanks to Prof. Rahul Vaishya who gave us such a valuable
guidance and solved our difficulties without which the project would not have been completed.
We thank them for their superlative support and encouragement given to us during the project.
We would also like to thank Jasbir sir, PEC University of Technology. Our heartfelt thanks to
all those people who are left unmentioned here but who have contributed to give us a sharp and
rewarding insight as to how our project should be carried out.
Jeewanjot Singh
Manjeet Singh
Pradeep Tiwari
Rohit Jhanwar
Sumer Meena

4. DRILLING FIXTURE
CONTENTS
S. No. Title Page
1 Abstract 5
2 Objectives 7
3 Work plan and Methodology 8
4 Drawing of drilling fixture 9
5 Operations used 11
5.1
5.2
5.3
Gas cutting
Face milling
Vertical milling
11
12
12
6 Benefits 14
7 Literature 15
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Jig
Fixture
V block
Drill bushing
15
17
20
20
8 Design 23
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
Jig and fixture
Support
Location
V block
Bush
23
24
25
25
30
9 Specification 33
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
Bush
Upper plate
Base plate
V block
Allen screw
Stopper
33
33
34
34
34
34
10 Future scope 35
11 Conclusion 36
12 Reference 37

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1. ABSTRACT
Some machining operation are so simple’ which are done quite easily, such as turning,
the job is held in position in the chuck and turning operation is done easily. No other
device is required to hold the job or to guide the tool on the machine in such an operation.
But some operations are such type in which the tool is required to be guided by means of
another device and also some jobs are of such forms which are required to be held in
position on the machine by means of another device.
The device which guides the tool is called jig and the device which holds the job in
position is called fixture.
Jigs and fixtures are special purpose tool which are used to facilitate production
(machining, asslembling and inspection operations), when work piece is based on the
concept of interchangeability according to which every part will be produced within an
established tolerance. Jigs and fixtures provide on means of manufacturing
interchangeable parts since they establish a relation with predetermined to tolerance
between the work and cutting tool.
They eliminate the necessity of a special set up for each individual park. So’ A jig is
may be de-fined as a device which hold and position the work; locate or guides the outing
tool relative to the work piece and usually not fixed to the m/c table. It is usually lightly
in construction.
A fixture is a work holding device and position the work; but doesn’t guide ‘locate or
position the cutting tool’ the setting of the tool is done by machine adjustment and a
setting blocker using slip gauges. A fixture is hold or clamp-ed to the machine table. It is
usually heavy in construction. Jigs are used on drilling , reaming , tapping and couter
boring operations , while fixtures are used in connection with turning , milling , grinding ,
shaping , planning and boring operations.

6. DRILLING FIXTURE
The use of jig and fixture makes possible more rapid and more accurate manufacturing at
a reduction of cost.

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2. OBJECTIVES
1. Jigs and fixtures are used to reduce the cost of production as there use elimination being
out work and setting up of tools.
2. To increase the production.
3. To assure the high accuracy of the parts.
4. To provide for interchangeability.
5. To enables heavy and complex shaped parts to be machined by holding rigidly to a
machine.
6. To control quality control expenses.
7. Less skilled labor.
8. Saving labor.
9. There use partially automates the machine tool.
10. Improve the safety at work, thereby lowering the rate of accidents.

8. DRILLING FIXTURE
3.WORKPLAN AND METHODOLOGY:
1. Drawings
2. Design
3. Manufacturing operations
4. Finishing operation
5. Working of fixture

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4.DRAWING OF DRILLING FIXTURE
FRONT VIEW

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TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW

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5.OPERATIONS USED
5.1 Gas Cutting:
Oxy-fuel welding (commonly called oxyacetylene welding, oxy welding, or gas welding in the
U.S.) and oxy-fuel cutting are processes that use fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut metals,
respectively. French engineers Edmond Fouché and Charles Picard became the first to develop
oxygen-acetylene welding in 1903.[1]
Pure oxygen, instead of air, is used to increase the flame
temperature to allow localized melting of the workpiece material (e.g. steel) in a room
environment. A common propane/air flame burns at about 2,000 °C (3,630 °F), a
propane/oxygen flame burns at about 2,500 °C (4,530 °F), and an acetylene/oxygen flame burns
at about 3,500 °C (6,330 °F).
Oxy-fuel is one of the oldest welding processes, besides forge welding. Still used in industry, in
recent decades it has been less widely utilized in industrial applications as other specifically
devised technologies have been adopted. It is still widely used for welding pipes and tubes, as
well as repair work. It is also frequently well-suited, and favored, for fabricating some types of
metal-based artwork. As well, oxy-fuel has an advantage over electric welding and cutting
processes in situations where accessing electricity (e.g., via an extension cord or portable
generator) would present difficulties; it is more self-contained, and, hence, often more portable.

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5.2 Face Milling:
Face milling is the most common milling operation and can be performed using a wide range of
different tools. Cutters with a 45º entering angle are most frequently used, but round insert
cutters, square shoulder cutters and side and face mills are also used for certain conditions.
5.3 Vertical Milling:

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Vertical milling machines have a spindle that moves in a vertical orientation over the table,
working on the top and bottom sides of the object being machined. Vertical milling machines
lend themselves to standing machinists and detailed work. These machines tend to be taller
than they are wide since their operation is vertical, which works well when dealing with die
sinking. Die sinking is when a cavity of a particular size and shape is machined into a steel
block. The opening can then be used for molding plastic or for forging, coining, or die-
casting. Below are the two types of vertical milling machines most commonly used.

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6.BENEFITS:
Following are the benefits of drilling fixtures :
(a) It reduces or sometimes eliminates the efforts of marking, measuring and setting of
workpiece on a machine and maintains the accuracy of performance.
(b) The workpiece and tool are relatively located at their exact positions before the operation
automatically within negligible time. So it reduces product cycle time.
(c) Variability of dimension in mass production is very low so manufacturing processes
supported by use of jigs and fixtures maintain a consistent quality.
(d) Due to low variability in dimension assembly operation becomes easy, low rejection due to
les defective production is observed.
(e) It reduces the production cycle time so increases production capacity. Simultaneously
working by more than one tool on the same workpiece is possible.
(f) The operating conditions like speed, feed rate and depth of cut can be set to higher values due
to rigidity of clamping of workpiece by jigs and fixtures.
(g) Operators working becomes comfortable as his efforts in setting the workpiece can be
eliminated.
(h) Semi-skilled operators can be assigned the work so it saves the cost of manpower also.
(i) There is no need to examine the quality of produce provided that quality of employed jigs and
fixtures is ensured.

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7.LITERATURE
7.1 Jig (tool)
In metalworking, a jig is a type of custom-made tool used to control the location and/or motion
of another tool. A jig's primary purpose is to provide repeatability, accuracy, and
interchangeability in the manufacturing of products.A jig is often confused with a fixture; a
fixture holds the work in a fixed location. A device that does both functions (holding the work
and guiding a tool) is called a jig.
An example of a jig is when a key is duplicated; the original is used as a jig so the new key can
have the same path as the old one. Since the advent of automation and computer numerical
controlled (CNC) machines, jigs are often not required because the tool path is digitally
programmed and stored in memory. Jigs may be made for reforming plastics.

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Jigs or templates have been known long before the industrial age. There are many types of jigs,
and each one is custom-tailored to do a specific job. Many jigs are created because there is a
necessity to do so by the tradesmen. Some are made to increase productivity through
consistency, to do repetitive activities or to do a job more precisely. Jigs may be well made for
frequent use or may be improvised from scrap for a single project, depending on the task.
Some types of jigs are also called templates or guides. Jigs include machining jigs, woodworking
jigs (e.g. tapering jig), welders' jigs, jewelers' jigs, and many others.
Drill Jig
A drill jig is a type of jig that expedites repetitive hole center location on multiple
interchangeable parts by acting as a template to guide the twist drill or other boring device into
the precise location of each intended hole center. In metalworking practice, typically a hardened
drill bushing lines each hole on the jig plate to keep the tool from damaging the jig.
Since the widespread penetration of the manufacturing industry by CNC machine tools, in which
servo controls are capable of moving the tool to the correct location automatically, the need for
drill jigs (and for the jobs of the drill press operators who used them) is much less than it
previously was.

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7.2 Fixture
A fixture is a work-holding or support device used in the manufacturing industry. Fixtures are
used to securely locate (position in a specific location or orientation) and support the work,
ensuring that all parts produced using the fixture will maintain conformity and
interchangeability. Using a fixture improves the economy of production by allowing smooth
operation and quick transition from part to part, reducing the requirement for skilled labor by
simplifying how workpieces are mounted, and increasing conformity across a production run.
A fixture differs from a jig in that when a fixture is used, the tool must move relative to the
workpiece; a jig moves the piece while the tool remains stationary.
A fixture's primary purpose is to create a secure mounting point for a workpiece, allowing for
support during operation and increased accuracy, precision, reliability, and interchangeability in
the finished parts. It also serves to reduce working time by allowing quick set-up, and by
smoothing the transition from part to part.It frequently reduces the complexity of a process,
allowing for unskilled workers to perform it and effectively transferring the skill of the tool
maker to the unskilled worker. Fixtures also allow for a higher degree of operator safety by
reducing the concentration and effort required to hold a piece steady.
Economically speaking the most valuable function of a fixture is to reduce labor costs. Without a
fixture, operating a machine or process may require two or more operators; using a fixture can
eliminate one of the operators by securing the workpiece.

18. DRILLING FIXTURE
Types of fixtures
Fixtures are usually classified according to the machine for which they were designed. The most
common two are milling fixtures and drill fixtures.
Milling fixtures
Milling operations tend to involve large, straight cuts that produce lots of chips and involve
varying force. Locating and supporting areas must usually be large and very sturdy in order to
accommodate milling operations; strong clamps are also a requirement. Due to the vibration of
the machine, positive stops are preferred over friction for securing the workpiece. For high-
volume automated processes, milling fixtures usually involve hydraulic or pneumatic clamps.

19. DRILLING FIXTURE
Drilling fixtures
Drilling fixtures cover a wider range of different designs and procedures than milling fixtures.
Though workholding for drills is more often provided by jigs, fixtures are also used for drilling
operations.
Two common elements of drilling fixtures are the hole and bushing. Holes are often designed
into drilling fixtures, to allow space for the drill bit itself to continue through the workpiece
without damaging the fixture or drill, or to guide the drill bit to the appropriate point on the
workpiece. Bushings are simple bearing sleeves inserted into these holes to protect them and
guide the drill bit.
Because drills tend to apply force in only one direction, support components for drilling fixtures
may be simpler. If the drill is aligned pointing down, the same support components may
compensate for the forces of both the drill and gravity at once. However, though
monodirectional, the force applied by drills tends to be concentrated on a very small area.
Drilling fixtures must be designed carefully to prevent the workpiece from bending under the
force of the drill.

20. DRILLING FIXTURE
7.3 V Block
V-Blocks are precision metalworking jigs typically used to hold round metal rods or pipes for
performing drilling or milling operations. They consist of a rectangular steel or cast iron block
with a 90-degree channel rotated 45-degrees from the sides, forming a V-shaped channel in the
top. A small groove is cut in the bottom of the "V". They often come with screw clamps to hold
the work. There are also versions with internal magnets for magnetic workholding. V-blocks are
usually sold in pairs.
7.4 DRILL BUSHING
A drill bushing, also known as a jig bushing, is a tool used in metalworking jigs to guide cutting
tools, most commonly drill bits. Other tools that are commonly used in a drill bushing include
counterbores, countersinks, and reamers. They are designed to guide, position, and support the
cutting tool.

21. DRILLING FIXTURE
Types of drilling bushings: A. Headless wearing press-fit bushing B. Head wearing press-fit
bushing C. Headless liner bushing with renewable bushing D. Head liner bushing with renewable
bushing
Drill bushings can generally be classified as: press fit bushings or renewable bushings. Other
classification methods include by head type, by use, and by liner type (or lack thereof).
Press-fit bushings
Press fit are available in two types with liners or without (wearing bushings). Liner bushings,
sometimes called master bushings, are permanently installed into the jig and accept liners that
can easily be replaced. Press-fit wearing bushings are used in short run applications or in
applications where the tolerance on a hole location is so tight that it cannot facilitate the use of a
liner bushing.
Renewable bushings
Four features that can be incorporated into small renewable bushings for easy removal with a
screwdriver.
Four types of dogs. Key (A) shows how the end of the dog can be bent down to wrap around the
edge of the jig plate; key (B) shows how a pin can be used to keep the dog from rotating.
Renewable bushings are installed in liner bushings. This type of bushing is used in large
production runs where a bushing will wear out over time or when multiple renewable bushings
are used in one liner to provide various sized holes. There are two types of renewable bushings:
fixed and slip.
Fixed renewable bushings are used in applications where the liner is meant to be used until it
wears out. Slip renewable bushings are designed to be interchangeable with a given sized liner so
that two different sized slip renewable bushings can be used in one liner bushing. This facilitates

22. DRILLING FIXTURE
the ability to do multiple machining operations that require different inner diameter (ID)
bushings, such as drilling and reaming. They usually have knurled heads so they can be easily
removed.
Various methods to lock renewable bushings
Renewable bushings must be secured in their liner bushing, otherwise the tool can cause it to
spin, which rapidly wears out the liner, or chips can force the bushing out of the liner. There are
many different types of locking systems for renewable bushings. One system is a dog, which is a
collar that is pressed over the head of the bushing and has a long tail. The tail may be bent at the
end so it can lock around the edge of the jig plate or it may be left straight if it can butt up
against another object. Another option to keep the renewable bushing from rotating is to pin it,
either by putting a pin in the renewable bushing and a hole in the liner or vice versa. A more
complicated version uses a hole in the bushing collar and a pin with a head; the head on the pin
holds the edge of the collar down, but for removal the bushing can be rotated so that the hole
lines up with the pin.
Three more common types of custom drill bushings
A common problem encountered is when two or more holes are too close for independent
standard bushings. In this case one large renewable bushing can be made with two (or more)
holes in the proper location (the first example in the image). Another possibility is to make a
custom bushing with an eccentric hole and then notches on the outside of the head are used to
locate the proper position of the bushing for each location (the middle example in the image).
Another common need for a custom bushing is when the hole needed is perpendicular jig plate;
in this case a bracket bushing is used. It is a hardened piece of right angle steel that bolts to the
jig plate and is located with dowel pins.

23. DRILLING FIXTURE
8.DESIGN
8.1 Fixture
Modular fixture components may be built into various arrangements to accommodate different
workpieces.
Fixtures must always be designed with economics in mind; the purpose of these devices is to
reduce costs, and so they must be designed in such a way that the cost reduction outweighs the
cost of implementing the fixture. It is usually better, from an economic standpoint, for a fixture
to result in a small cost reduction for a process in constant use, than for a large cost reduction for
a process used only occasionally.
Most fixtures have a solid component, affixed to the floor or to the body of the machine and
considered immovable relative to the motion of the machining bit, and one or more movable
components known as clamps. These clamps (which may be operated by many different
mechanical means) allow workpieces to be easily placed in the machine or removed, and yet stay
secure during operation. Many are also adjustable, allowing for workpieces of different sizes to
be used for different operations. Fixtures must be designed such that the pressure or motion of
the machining operation (usually known as the feed) is directed primarily against the solid
component of the fixture. This reduces the likelihood that the fixture will fail, interrupting the
operation and potentially causing damage to infrastructure, components, or operators.
Fixtures may also be designed for very general or simple uses. These multi-use fixtures tend to
be very simple themselves, often relying on the precision and ingenuity of the operator, as well
as surfaces and components already present in the workshop, to provide the same benefits of a
specially-designed fixture. Examples include workshop vises, adjustable clamps, and improvised
devices such as weights and furniture.

24. DRILLING FIXTURE
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS WHILE DESIGNING JIGS AND FIXTURES
Designing of jigs and fixtures depends upon so many factors. These factors are analysed to get
design inputs for jigs and fixtures. The list of such factors is mentioned below :
(a) Study of workpiece and finished component size and geometry.
(b) Type and capacity of the machine, its extent of automation.
(c) Provision of locating devices in the machine.
(d) Available clamping arrangements in the machine.
(e) Available indexing devices, their accuracy.
(f) Evaluation of variability in the performance results of the machine.
(g) Rigidity and of the machine tool under consideration.
(h) Study of ejecting devices, safety devices, etc.
(i) Required level of the accuracy in the work and quality to be produced.
8.2 Location
Locating components ensure the geometrical stability of the workpiece. They make sure that the
workpiece rests in the correct position and orientation for the operation by addressing and
impeding all the degrees of freedom the workpiece possesses.
For locating workpieces, fixtures employ pins (or buttons), clamps, and surfaces. These
components ensure that the workpiece is positioned correctly, and remains in the same position
throughout the operation. Surfaces provide support for the piece, pins allow for precise location

25. DRILLING FIXTURE
at low surface area expense, and clamps allow for the workpiece to be removed or its position
adjusted. Locating pieces tend to be designed and built to very tight specifications.
8.3 Support
In designing the locating parts of a fixture, only the direction of forces applied by the operation
are considered, and not their magnitude. Locating parts technically support the workpiece, but do
not take into account the strength of forces applied by the process and so are usually inadequate
to actually secure the workpiece during operation. For this purpose, support components are
used.
To secure workpieces and prevent motion during operation, support components primarily use
two techniques: positive stops and friction. A positive stop is any immovable component (such
as a solid surface or pin) that, by its placement, physically impedes the motion of the workpiece.
Support components are more likely to be adjustable than locating components, and normally do
not press tightly on the workpiece or provide absolute location.
Support components usually bear the brunt of the forces delivered during the operation. To
reduce the chances of failure, support components are usually not also designed as clamps.
8.4 Design of Vee Blocks
A vee block is the most widely used design. There are several variations possible.
The included angle between the two plane prismatic surfaces can be varied to achieve a desired
result.
60 degree V block

26. DRILLING FIXTURE
A 60 degree included angle of the prismatic faces will yield a 120 degree angle of contact with
the ball. This angle will give the very best repeatability, but it will have very low load carrying
capacity, due to the very high vector forces that result from this steep angle. (See Figure #1.)
Any angle steeper than 60 degrees will start to cause wedging and sticking of the ball in the vee.
The most conventional design for a kinematic vee block is a 90 degree included angle. This
angle will give good location accuracy, and reasonable load carrying capacity.

27. DRILLING FIXTURE
90 Degree Vee Block
As the vees are flattened out further than 90 degrees, the load carrying capacity goes up rapidly,
but the self centering or location accuracy falters. At about 110 degrees included angle, a limit
for good repeatability is reached
110 Degree Vee Block

28. DRILLING FIXTURE
vee blocks are produced with two basic mounting designs.
The surface mounted version has a flat back with two centralized threaded holes that go through
the base at the intersection of the vees. This allows the vee blocks to be clamped down with two
threaded fasteners from the rear.
The second version of the vee block has a precision ground cylindrical post protruding from the
perpendicular flat face of the precision ground flanged surface.
There is a threaded hole going through the center of this cylindrical post, that allows this vee
block to be held rigidly in place from the rear.

29. DRILLING FIXTURE
Cylindrical Post Mounted Vee Block

30. DRILLING FIXTURE
The front end of this through hole is counterbored so that this vee block can also be rigidly
clamped down with a smaller diameter socket head cap screw from the front. This cylindrical
post mounted device also lends itself to being press fit or shrink fit into the proper diameter hole
in the platform.
Split Vee Blocks
Another version of the plane prismatic vee block is the split design. In this case, the standard vee
block is literally cut in half. These vee blocks end up as two rectangular substrata, usually with a
45 degree inclined face, that contacts the surface of the ball. This design has a distinct advantage
over a V block, in that the flat contact surfaces of these parts can be inexpensively flat lapped to
achieve an exceptionally high quality surface finish and almost perfect geometry.
Split Vee Blocks Split Kinematic Vee Blocks

31. DRILLING FIXTURE
The simplest mounting method for the split version is to glue the component parts into a precise
rectangular trench machined into the platform. The glue only needs to locate the split vees, as the
bottom and side walls of the machined trench will take up the downward and outward forces.
Split Vee Block with Corner Thread
When, for various reasons, glue can’t be used; a threaded hole can be machined in the corner of
the rectangular mounting surfaces and the parts can be mechanically clamped into position using
a threaded fastener.
Cylindrical Vee Blocks
We will have to broaden our concept of the vee block for the next series of designs, referred to as
CV Blocks.
High quality cylinders are relatively inexpensive to produce.
By rigidly mounting two of these high quality cylinders parallel to each other, we can produce
conditions similar to the flat prismatic faces, of a standard vee block. Using precision ground and
lapped cylinders, there is less elastic compliance due to the smaller contact area between the
parts, so the kinematic ball will find mechanical equilibrium more repeatably.
By adjusting the distance between the two cylinders, the contact angle with the ball can be set.

32. DRILLING FIXTURE
The load carrying capacity of a kinematic coupling will be lower, when using cylinders, than it
will be with flat surfaces, because the Hertzian loads will be so much higher. The smaller the
diameter of the cylinder, the higher these Hertzian stresses will be.
As a general concept, a smaller diameter cylinder will present a steeper slope to the mating ball,
so with all other factors being the same, it will repeat more accurately.
Press Fit or Shrink Fit

33. DRILLING FIXTURE
9.SPECIFICATIONS
Our component is a cylindrical rod.The Maximum diameter of the component can be 16mm
Material used in the project is of mild steel.
The various components used in the project are as follow:
9.1 Bush:
A drill bushing, also known as a jig bushing, is a tool used in metalworking jigs to guide cutting
tools, most commonly drill bits. Other tools that are commonly used in a drill bushing include
counterbores, countersinks, and reamers. They are designed to guide, position, and support the
cutting tool.
Hardness- 57-58 Ra
Material - High carbon steel
Internal diameter - 8mm
External diameter - 28mm
9.2 Upper plate:
A drill jig is a type of jig that expedites repetitive hole center location on multiple
interchangeable parts by acting as a template to guide the twist drill or other boring device into
the precise location of each intended hole center. In metalworking practice, typically a hardened
drill bushing lines each hole on the jig plate to keep the tool from damaging the jig.
Dimension- 75*38 mm
Thickness- 20mm

34. DRILLING FIXTURE
9.3 Base plate:
This will replace use of any kind of vice.
Dimension- 138*124mm
Thickness- 30mm
9.4 Vee Block:
V-Blocks are precision metalworking jigs typically used to hold round metal rods or pipes for
performing drilling or milling operations. They consist of a rectangular steel or cast iron block
with a 90-degree channel rotated 45-degrees from the sides, forming a V-shaped channel in the
top. A small groove is cut in the bottom of the "V
Dimension-75*75mm
V distance -40mm
9.5 Allen screw:
It is a a screw turned by means of an axial hexagonal hole in its head.
Diameter of screw-8mm
9.6 Stopper:
It is used to hold the component at a pre-decided distance from the bush to obtain an appropriate
hole in the component.

35. DRILLING FIXTURE
10.FUTURE SCOPE
Scope of the project is to devise a method of reducing the cost of production by eliminating the
setting time of tool and workpiece and thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the clamping
system. Another purpose of the same is to enhance the accuracy of the shop floor by reducing the
possibility of a faulty product. Another purpose that it serves is that the heavy and complex
shaped parts are machined by holding rigidly workpiece to a machine. It also reduces quality
control expenses. As a consequence, there tends to be fewer labour requirements with usage of
automated tool equipment’s and clamping systems. Moreover, foolproofing is attained and lesser
skilled labour requirements exist.

36. DRILLING FIXTURE
11.CONCLUSION
We would like to conclude the project report by reporting the significance of the project. The
project may provide someone with the opportunity to reduce the cost of the conventional
clamping systems without compromising on the quality of the output product. We have made our
sincere effort so that the overall efficiency along with accuracy, precision remains intact with a
reduction in cost. Thus, reduction in cost accompanied by enhancement in quality, design,
structural loading is what that the project tries to achieve.

37. DRILLING FIXTURE
12.REFERENCE
• Randell, D. M., ed., The New Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 2001, pp. 430, 421.
• Driscoll, Michael; Hamilton, Meredith; Coons, Marie (May 2003). A Child's Introduction to Poetry. 151
West 19th Street New York, NY 10011: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 1-57912-282-5.
• Ling, J.; Schenck, L. & R., A History of European Folk Music. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1997, p.
194.
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