This document discusses Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) and its components. It begins with an introduction to JDBC, explaining that JDBC is a Java API that allows Java programs to execute SQL statements and interact with multiple database sources. It then discusses the four types of JDBC drivers - JDBC-ODBC bridge drivers, native-API partly Java drivers, network protocol all-Java drivers, and native protocol all-Java drivers - and their characteristics. The document proceeds to explain the standard seven steps to querying databases using JDBC: loading the driver, defining the connection URL, establishing the connection, creating a statement object, executing a query or update, processing results, and closing the connection.

1. SARDAR PATEL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
MANDLESHWAR
Submitted To
Proff.Aashutosh Yadav
Prepared by-:
Gayatri Patel
Enroll No.0881CS101009
CSE-Final year

2. TOPIC ON………………………..
INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING
TRAINING
ON
ON
J2EE
J2EE

3. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Types of Driver
 JDBC Components
 JDBC Connection

4. JDBC – J ava D ata B ase C onnectivity
JDBC is a Java API that enables java program to
execute SQL Statements.
The JDBC API can also be used to interact with
multiple data sources in a distributed ,
heterogeneous environment.

5. JDBC
Driver
Java
Program
JDBC
API
Oracle
DB
Driver
SQL server
DB
Driver
MS-Access
DB

6. JDBC (Drivers )
 JDBC-ODBC Bridge
(Type 1)
 Native-API partly Java Driver
(Type 2)
 Net-Protocol All-Java Driver
(Type 3)
 Native Protocol All-Java Driver
(Type 4)

7. JDBC – ODBC Bridge (Type 1)
Java
Application
ODBC
Layer
JDBC
API
Database
JDBC
ODBC Drivers
ODBC
API
Function –
Translate JDBC call to ODBC calls and send them to the ODBC database.
It is a java Wrapper developed over ODBC API.
Advantages - 1. Easily available as part of JDK
2. Easy to install.
Disadvantages- 1. slower in performance.
2. Limited to functionality of ODBC driver.
3. Not Recommended for production environment.

8. Native-API partly Java Driver(Type2)
Java
Application
JDBC
API
Vendor API
Database
JDBC Driver
Written partly in java & partly in native code.
It uses a mixture of Java implementation and vendor-specific native API’s to
provide data
access.
Uses native ‘c’ language lib calls for conversion.
Advantage – these offer better performance than jdbc-odbc bridge as layers are
less and it uses Native API which is database specific.
Disadvantage – not fully in java so portability issue , if database is changed than
native API must be changed as it is database specific.

9. Network Protocol All-Java Driver(type3)
Java
Client
JDBC
API
JDBC Driver
Server
Native Driver
Database
JDBC Driver
This driver is Server based. So, the Vendor DB lib. Is not required for clients.
Uses DB independent Protocol to communicate DB-requests to a Server component.
Translates requests into DB-specific Protocol.
Advantages- 1. fully written in java , hence portable.
2. The net protocol can be designed to make the client JDBC driver very small
and
fast to load.
3. most efficient amongst all drivers.
Disadvantages- 1. requires another server application to be installed and maintained.
acts
2. clients connect to DB servers via an intermediate server component that
as a gateway for multiple database servers.

10. Native Protocol All-Java Driver(type4)
Java
Client
JDBC
API
JDBC Driver
Database
•JDBC calls are directly converted to network protocol used by DBMS server
•It makes direct socket connections to the databases.
Advantages – 1.written in java only. So we can achieve platform independency.
2.number of translation layers are very less.
3.performance is good.
Disadvantages –
The user need a different driver for each database

11. JDBC Components

12. JDBC
There are seven standard steps in querying
databases:
1. Load the JDBC driver.
2. Define the connection URL.
3. Establish the connection.
4. Create a statement object.
5. Execute a query or update.
6. Process the results.
7. Close the connection.

13. Load the JDBC driver……………….
Only one time load in jdbc driver
How does one load a "class" into the Virtual
machine?
Use the static method Class.forName()
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver")
;
Package
ClassName

14. Define the connection URL………
•
Once a Driver is loaded, a connection can be made to the
database
•
The connection is defined by URL
• The URL has the following form:
• jdbc:driver:databasename
•
• Examples:
• jdbc:odbc:MyOdbcDatabase
• jdbc:postgres:WebsiteDatabase
• jdbc:oracle:CustomerInfo
A connection is obtained in the following manner:
• Connection conn =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:MyDatabase“,"Usern

15. •
•
Establish the connection…….
The Connection interface defines many methods
for managing and using a connection to the
database
Connection aConnection;
• public Statement createStatement()
• public PreparedStatement
prepareStatement(String sql)

16. Create a statement object…….
The Statement interface .
• The most commonly used method is
createStatement()
• When an SQL statement is to be issued
against the database, a Statement object
must be created through the Connection
Connection aConnection;

17. Execute a query or update……
•
The Statement interface defines two methods
for executing SQL against the database
public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)
public int executeUpdate(String sql)
•
executeQuery returns a ResultSet
• All rows and columns which match the query are contained
within the ResultSet
• The developer navigates through the ResultSet and uses the
data as required.
•
executeUpdate returns the number of rows
changed by the update statement
• This is used for insert statements, update statements and
delete statements

18. Close the connection………………..
rs.close();
aStmt.close();

19. Example
Code:
Connection aConnection;
try
{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException x)
{
System.out.println("Cannot find driver class. Check CLASSPATH");
return;
}
try
{
aConnection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:MyDatabase“,"Username", "Password");
}
catch(SQLException x)
{
System.out.println("Exception connecting to database:" + x);
return;
}

20. Example Code
(continued):
try
{
Statement aStmt = aConnection.createStatement();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("SELECT Employee_id, Employee_Name");
sb.append(" FROM Employee WHERE EmployeeId>100");
ResultSet rs = aStmt.executeQuery(sb.toString());
while(rs.next())
{
int employeeId = rs.getInt(1);
String employeeName = rs.getString(2);
System.out.println("Id:" + employeeId + "nName:" + employeeName);
}
rs.close();
aStmt.close();
}
catch(SQLException x)
{
System.out.println("Exception while executing query:" + x);
}

21. THANKYOU !!
Any Query?