The document discusses arguments for why Japan should re-start its nuclear power plants. It notes that nuclear energy provides competitive costs, high energy density, reliability, and does not depend on weather. However, after the Fukushima disaster in 2011, Japan shut down most of its nuclear reactors. This led to increased fossil fuel imports and higher electricity costs. The document argues that nuclear power is cleaner than fossil fuels and produces less radioactive waste. It also discusses new small modular reactor designs that could provide safer, decentralized nuclear power in the future.

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Student Name: BASHAR MD KHAIRUL
Student ID: 15595901
Title: Japan Should re run the nuclear power plant.

2. Why Nuclear power plant should be re run?
 Competitive Costs; Operating cost is low after construction.
 High energy content in uranium
• Small fuel pellet
• Can provide base load power. It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single
plant.
• Energy savings in transportation
 No Climate-change (Clean)
 Reliability ;The average life span of a nuclear reactor is approx. 40 years which can be extended up to 60
years.
 Plentiful Supply.
 Concentrated Form of Energy; A lot of energy is produced from a small mass of uranium.
 Does not depends on natural aspects . A nuclear power plant is generating electricity for almost 90% of
annual time.
 Compact ;Nuclear power stations are usually very compact compared to thermal stations.
 It is relatively easy to control the output.
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3. ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND CONSUMPTION IN JAPAN
In 2013, when almost all of Japan's nuclear fleet was shut down, more than 86% of Japan's generation mix was
composed of fossil fuels. In 2014, Japan's nuclear generation was zero. The Japanese government anticipates
bringing online a few nuclear facilities in 2015.
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In 2012 annual oil import rose 4% and imports
of liquefied natural gas increased by
24%.Because of these the cost of power
generation in 2012 was $30 billion higher than
previous year .This is very harmful for Japan’s
economy.

4. Source: http://goo.gl/eyw8NN
Environment friendly
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 One day of a 1 Giga watt coal fired plant uses 80 rail cars of
coal.
 Each coal car weighs 100 tons.
 The plant generates 19,000 tons of CO2 PLUS vast quantities of
slurry and fly ash everyday.
 Early in 2015 the Research Institute of Innovative Technology
for the Earth Said that CO2 emissions were 10.8% above 1990
levels.

5. IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT
 It is local, concentrated, controlled and monitored
 Produce a small amount of waste.
 No acidic oxides of sulfur and nitrogen released.
 Nuclear reactors don’t spew any emissions that contribute
to global warming, acid rain or smog.
Coal waste
 1 GW-year = 8,000,000 tons CO2 released to the
atmosphere and cannot get it back.
 It is global, in everyone’s atmosphere, out of control .
 Coal Ash is More Radioactive than Nuclear Waste
Nuclear waste
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6. Greenhouse gas emission Grams of carbon equivalent per kwh
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Early in 2015 the government was considering a target of 20% reduction in greenhouse gas
emission from the 2005 level by 2030.

7. Safer: Deaths from energy-related accidents per unit of electricity
Source: Paul Scherrer Institute,USA
Over 30 thousand deaths have
been attributed to US coal
mining since the 1930's related
to mining accidents and
respiratory complications.
230,000 Deaths from catastropic
sequence of dam failure in china
1975.
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8. CHALLENGES
Half urban
Climate change
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9. BASE LOAD ELECTRICITY
Three major sources US World
1 Fossil fuels 71.4% 66.1%
2 Hydro 6.5% 16.1%
3 Nuclear 19.3% 15.7%
Base load electricity(Nuclear Power Plant)- It is ON all the time.
Most people are moving to cities.
Besides jobs in the cities need electricity.
World population 2010 6.8 billion
Developed countries
1.1 billion
Developing countries 5.7 billion
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10. Cost of electricity
• Wind and solar are dilute sources of energy.
• Requires large land and ten times materials that you would require for nuclear.
• Typically, 1GW = 250 SQUARE MILES OF WIND FARM.
• For solar 1 GW= 50 square miles of bulldozed solar farm.
• A 2010 study by the Japanese government (pre-Fukushima disaster), called the Energy White
Paper, concluded the cost for kilowatt hour was ¥49 for solar, ¥10 to ¥14 for wind, and ¥5 or ¥6 for
nuclear power.
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11. World Statistics, Nuclear Energy Around the World
 As of July 2015, 30 countries worldwide are operating 438
nuclear reactors for electricity generation and 67 new nuclear
plants are under construction in 15 countries.
 Nuclear power plants provided 10.9 percent of the world's
electricity production in 2012. In 2014, 13 countries relied on
nuclear energy to supply at least one-quarter of their total
electricity.
France 76.9%
Slovakia 56.8%
Hungary 53.6%
Ukraine 49.4%
Belgium 47.5%
Sweden 41.5%
Switzerland 37.9%
Slovenia 37.2%
Czech Republic 35.8%
Finland 34.6%
Bulgaria 31.8%
Armenia 30.7%
South Korea 30.4% 11

12. THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR
SSTAR – “Small, Sealed,
Transportable, Autonomous Reactor”
10-100 megawatt. Lead-cooled.Small modular reactors – SMRs
Toshiba 4S – “Super Safe Small & Simple”
10-15 megawatt. Sodium-cooled.
Distributed “micropower” - Small-scale distributed generation.
Micro nuclear reactors hold a lot of promise because they can easily be modularized and distributed across cities
and countries, generating power for years without human intervention. While the power industry today is highly
centralized, this decentralized paradigm is not as outlandish as it may seem.
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13. THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR
“No more mining, no
more enrichment
operations, zero spent fuel
handling, no reprocessing
or waste storage facilities,
and the reactor vessel I
the (robust) burial cask”.
Terra Power thorium reactor.
Lifetime fuel.
Hyperion, $25 million per 25
megawatt. Uranium hydride.
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15. どうもありがとうございます.
Thank you very much.
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