A description of trends in clean energy market and how can U.S regain its leadership. In 1995, the US had 43% of the solar manufacturing market compared to China at 1%. Now the US market share has declined to 6%, as compared to China’s 60%. China dominates wind turbines with 40% of the market share with the US at 14%. Fear of nuclear energy is hurting our environment.
Summary Presentation for The Great Transition: Shifting from Fossil Fuels to ...Earth Policy Institute
The energy transition is here. As fossil fuel resources shrink, as air pollution worsens, and as concerns about climate instability cast a shadow over the future of coal, oil, and natural gas, a new world energy economy is emerging. The old economy, fueled largely by coal and oil, is being replaced with one powered by solar and wind energy.
During the last 30 years, researchers around the world have made great progress towards controlled fusion.
Fusion power is safe and clean, and when commercialized, it will solve the world’s energy problems.
U.S. efforts to secure leadership in energy technology have been crippled for decades by limited investment.
The implications of delay go beyond the loss of American technological leadership, and include major world-wide risk for the loss of control of nuclear material.
Investing resources and effort at an appropriate level for fusion can reestablish American technological preeminence, achieve absolute energy independence, and ensure American prosperity.
Making Earth Cool Again: Challenges & SolutionsPaul H. Carr
COOLING CHALLENGES: Fall 2018 Reports
(1) ""Global Climate Change Impacts in US": 13 Government Agency Report
(Nov 2018). Up to 10% decrease in US economy by 2100.
(2) "Preventing 2.7 F (1.5 C) degrees of warming." IPCC report, authored by 90 scientists from 40 countries (Oct 2018). Greenhouse pollution must be reduced by 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030, and 100 percent by 2050.
COOL SOLUTIONS
(1) "Can Nuclear Energy Thrive in a Carbon-Constrained World?": (MIT Report, Sept 2018)
A reactor build-up (at a historically feasible rate) could completely decarbonize the World’s power sector within 30 years.
The energy storage costs needed for wind and solar alone would make them up to four times more expensive than reactors.
(2) A vegetarian/vegan diet is a way everyone can stop global warming.
(3) Capitalistic solution: carbon fee plus dividend.
Summary Presentation for The Great Transition: Shifting from Fossil Fuels to ...Earth Policy Institute
The energy transition is here. As fossil fuel resources shrink, as air pollution worsens, and as concerns about climate instability cast a shadow over the future of coal, oil, and natural gas, a new world energy economy is emerging. The old economy, fueled largely by coal and oil, is being replaced with one powered by solar and wind energy.
During the last 30 years, researchers around the world have made great progress towards controlled fusion.
Fusion power is safe and clean, and when commercialized, it will solve the world’s energy problems.
U.S. efforts to secure leadership in energy technology have been crippled for decades by limited investment.
The implications of delay go beyond the loss of American technological leadership, and include major world-wide risk for the loss of control of nuclear material.
Investing resources and effort at an appropriate level for fusion can reestablish American technological preeminence, achieve absolute energy independence, and ensure American prosperity.
Making Earth Cool Again: Challenges & SolutionsPaul H. Carr
COOLING CHALLENGES: Fall 2018 Reports
(1) ""Global Climate Change Impacts in US": 13 Government Agency Report
(Nov 2018). Up to 10% decrease in US economy by 2100.
(2) "Preventing 2.7 F (1.5 C) degrees of warming." IPCC report, authored by 90 scientists from 40 countries (Oct 2018). Greenhouse pollution must be reduced by 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030, and 100 percent by 2050.
COOL SOLUTIONS
(1) "Can Nuclear Energy Thrive in a Carbon-Constrained World?": (MIT Report, Sept 2018)
A reactor build-up (at a historically feasible rate) could completely decarbonize the World’s power sector within 30 years.
The energy storage costs needed for wind and solar alone would make them up to four times more expensive than reactors.
(2) A vegetarian/vegan diet is a way everyone can stop global warming.
(3) Capitalistic solution: carbon fee plus dividend.
Guest lecture given to first-year engineering students at the University of British Columbia, 2013 Sept 10. (APSC 150)
Title: A sustainable (energy) future
After a brief preface on intellectual self-defense, the presentation discussed the science underpinning our understanding of climate change, followed by an analysis of worldwide energy use.
The experience curve was introduced as a force arguably more powerful than Moore's Law (because it applies in virtually every manufacturing sector) and the main reason that renewables (wind and solar, for the time being) are likely to displace fossil fuel and nuclear power in the coming decades -- not for reasons of conscience, but reasons of cost.
Lastly, the metaphor of the "utility death spiral" was introduced to explain the probable impact of efficiency and renewables, on the fossil-and-nuclear dominated utility sector, in coming decades.
Guest lecture given to first-year engineering students at the University of British Columbia, 2013 Sept 10. (APSC 150)
Title: A sustainable (energy) future
After a brief preface on intellectual self-defense, the presentation discussed the science underpinning our understanding of climate change, followed by an analysis of worldwide energy use.
The experience curve was introduced as a force arguably more powerful than Moore's Law (because it applies in virtually every manufacturing sector) and the main reason that renewables (wind and solar, for the time being) are likely to displace fossil fuel and nuclear power in the coming decades -- not for reasons of conscience, but reasons of cost.
Lastly, the metaphor of the "utility death spiral" was introduced to explain the probable impact of efficiency and renewables, on the fossil-and-nuclear dominated utility sector, in coming decades.
How Fear of Nuclear Power is Warming our PlanetPaul H. Carr
The world is presently decommissioning nuclear reactors faster than the increase in wind and solar power (1). Solar energy is only available 26% of the time and wind 33%. Nuclear is 24/7. To make up for the net nuclear decrease, we are increasing our burning of fossil fuels. They are raising carbon dioxide emissions that are warming our planet. This is particularly true in Germany.
Bill Gates is presently funding next generation nuclear power. TerraPower's nuclear pilot plant is being built in China. This traveling wave reactor converts depleted uranium, a byproduct of the nuclear-fission process, into usable fuel.
Thorium molten salt nuclear reactors (MSR), demonstrated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1965-1970, consume nearly 100% of their fuel, compared with 3% for older reactors with solid uranium fuel (2). MSRs eliminate the need for Yucca Mountain storage by consuming nuclear waste. Thorium fluoride molten fuel for MSRs is of no weapons value. Thorium fuel is more abundant and cheaper than uranium. MSRs require no expensive containment since they operate close to atmospheric pressure.
REFERENCES: (1) Michael Shellenberger YouTube 2016 TED Talk.
(2) David A. Cornell. “Fracking and the Future of Fuel.” Physics Today, pgs 10 -11. February 2017
Greener Power for More Electric VehiclesPaul H. Carr
GREENER POWER FOR THE INCREASING NUMBER OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EV)
by Paul H. Carr
Charge EVs at Night
- Electricity demand from 12 PM to 6 AM is very low.
Install PV charging stations for daytime charging.
More electricity by using the waste heat of present generators.
-Coal, nuclear 32% efficient
- Natural gas turbines 44% efficient
Replace carbon emitting coal and gas with nuclear.
Sharing my career as an experimental physicist and electrical engineer.
Why is the energy of nuclear reactions one million times greater than chemical ones?
Our human dependence on plants to convert carbon dioxide into the the oxygen we need to live.
Climate Scientist James Hansen prediction that sea levels could rise up to 18 feet by 2058, because of the increasing carbon dioxide levels from fossil fuel burning.
Nuclear reactors generate electricity without carbon dioxide emissions and reduce global warming.
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
Technology and Policies are Available to Save Our Environment.Paul H. Carr
OUTLINE: POLICY INFLUENCERS
1. Wall Street Journal - Is climate science settled?
2. Peer-reviewed Climate Science Articles- 99% settled.
3. Forbes – Is carbon-free energy available?
4. Nashua Telegraph – What about China’s coal burning?
5. Risky Business Report - Economics of Global Warming. by Bloomberg, Paulsen, & Steyer
6. Pope Francis’ Moral Responsibility to bequeath a habitable planet to future generations
COVID's Impact on Inflation and Income EqualityPaul H. Carr
Will inflation from the COVID recovery be permanent?
What does the Federal Reserve Predict?
Has the COVID recovery increased income equality?
Why do job openings now outnumber job seekers?
Wage Serfs: Principles & Politics Trumping PeoplePaul H. Carr
Presented at Thoreau Society Annual Gathering
Higher taxes in Europe result in more income equality than in the US.
Invisible hand of Adam Smith's economics versus the Tragedy of the Commons
Golden Rule of Economics: Those who have the gold make the rules.
Overcoming Limitations of "Naturalism Without Religion"Paul H. Carr
Tillich’s existential and Whitehead’s process theologies overcome the limitations of “naturalism without religion.”
Tillich, Wildman, Whitehead, and Bracken update the Bible’s promise of eternal life as well as the meaning and goal of history. Tillich’s description of religion as the Dimension of Depth resonates with Goodenough’s "Sacred Depths of Nature."
For Whitehead, the goal of the Universe is the production of beauty.
“The thirst for beauty that permeates our lives is an opening to transcendence,” according to theologian Philip Hefner.
GREEN ENERGY’S ECONOMIC PROGRESS
Reducing carbon missions by 51% in 2030
-Environmental, social, and governance funds have more than tripled to reach $2 Trillion.
-Three new “Mean Green” board members are forcing Exxon to clean up its act.
-GM is betting big on batteries for electric vehicles with a new $2.3 billion plant in Ohio.
-Advances in electric vehicles and next-generation nuclear reactors are helping the US achieve its goal of reducing carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.
ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050 or an Economic Depression
ECONOMICS (GDP)
- Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020.
- Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression
-Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution
NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES:
Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by
Next generation nuclear reactors
Post-COVID Economic Challenges: Unemployment, Increasing Inflation & National...Paul H. Carr
Post-COVID Economic Challenges: Unemployment, Income inequality, Increasing Inflation, & National Debt.
Paul H Carr summarized a webinar by the following: Eric Rosengren, President and CEO, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston; Wendy Edelberg, Brookings Institution, and Philip Swagel, Director, Congressional Budget Office. Would less inflationary and debt increasing relief act have been better than President Biden’s $1.9 Trillion bill?
A Newer, Millennial Testament of the Continuing Creation since 100 CE.Paul H. Carr
A NEWER, MILLENNIAL TESTAMENT of the Continuing Creation since 100 CE."
The Old Testament was from about 1500 BCE to 0. The New Testament was added and completed in 100 CE.
Let's add a Newer (Millennial) Testament of the 1900-year-increase in knowledge, wisdom, and truth to the New Testament:
newer science, poetry (Psalms), and literature. The universe is still awakening and we are called to be co-creators in the continuing creation. A Newer Testament , which updates the Bible's flat earth cosmology, would help in correcting the misinformation in the popular Creation Museum in Kentucky.
Quantum Mechanics: Electrons, Transistors, & LASERS. Paul H. Carr
Quantum Mechanics, QM, has enabled new technologies that impact our daily lives. Yet, there have been at least 14 different QM interpretations in the last century. “If you think you understand QM, you don’t,” said Richard Feynman. Our macroscopic language is inadequate to describe the wave-particle duality of microscopic QM particles. Mathematics works better. This talk illuminated the production of the play Copenhagen, in which German physicist Werner Heisenberg, who directed the German attempt to make an atom bomb, visited Niels Bohr in Denmark during WWII.
A NEWER TESTAMENT of Continuous Creation since 100 CEPaul H. Carr
Old Testament 1500 BCE to 0.
New Testament 0 to 100 CE. A total of 1600 yr.
1900 years since the Bible was completed in 100 CE.
Let’s add a Newer Testament of the 1900-year-increase in knowledge, wisdom, & truth to the “New Testament.”
-Newer Science, Cosmology’s Century
-New Poetry (Psalms)
-Hymns
-Literature & Theology
An awakening universe with increasing globalization.
NEW HOT-to-COOL COSMOLOGY: Amazing Progress Yet Greater QuestionsPaul H. Carr
Astronomy has progressed from astrology to precision, hot-to-cool, cosmology. Georges Lemaitre, using Einstein’s General Relativity, predicted in 1930s that our universe expanded from a primeval atom in a hot big bang. In 1964, radio astronomers detected the whispering cosmic microwave background radiation from this hot cosmic explosion. Since 1993, an increasing number of satellites have measured that this Planck black-body radiation has cooled, as it expanded, to a very cool 2.725 K. It also has fluctuations of one part in 100,000.
Alan Guth’ inflationary universe theory predicted this as arising from quantum fluctuations at the “Beginning.”
Climate Change Extremes: Increasing Wildfires & HurricanesPaul H. Carr
1. CLIMATE CHANGE EXTREMES: INCREASING FOREST FIRES AND HURRICANES
2. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE:
CO2 from fossil fuel burning is warming our Earth via the Greenhouse effect
3. WHAT WE CAN DO IMMEDIATELY:
A more vegetarian diet.
From Reductionism to Emergence: Transcending Death During COVID-19Paul H. Carr
How might we reduce the above-normal death rates from COVID-19? Our hope is for science to develop a vaccine. The reductive sequencing of the parts of the coronavirus could help. Francis Collins, who led the team that developed the science for sequencing the parts
of the human genome, entitled his book The Language of God, God being the holistic creator. Religion helps us transcend death. Science itself is moving from reductionism to emergent holism, which is closer to religion.
Scientists like Wigner, Deacon, and Dickerson are developing an emergent and non-materialist worldview. Theologians Clayton and Nurnberger are working on the emergence of spirit. Carol and John Albright envision a creative Interactive World, Interactive God. Cardiologist Van Lommel’s 20-year observations of near-death experiences give evidence for life after death.
CREATIVITY: Individual & CollaborativePaul H. Carr
The Creative Process
1. Individual
"There is no logical way to discover. There is only the way of intuition, which is helped by a feeling for the order.” Albert Einstein
- The 3-step creative process: informed, unformed, transformed
- Neuroscience: listening to music inspires creativity
2. Collaborative
- Searching for truth to expand and share our limited knowledge and worldviews.
Confront COVID-19 and Climate Change NowPaul H. Carr
COVID-19 & CLIMATE: BOTH GLOBAL, TEMPERATURE INCREASE
If we wait for a crisis, it’s too late:
Time after drastic action: COVID, months;
CLIMATE, century.
The COVID “stay in place” reduced greenhouse emissions up to 17%. Reduced population.
Non-US-Deficit Increasing solution: Carbon fee plus dividend for all.
What we can do: more vegetarian diet, less airline travel, more nuclear reactors
From Theology to Fractals: Mystical to Mathematical BeautyPaul H. Carr
Mystical to Mathematical Beauty.
I traced the transition from mystical to mathematical beauty in American thought: from the theologian Jonathan Edwards in the 18th century, through natural philosopher David H. Thoreau's "Walden" in the 19th, to the mathematician, Benoit Mandelbrot's "Fractal Geometry of Nature" in the 20th century. Chapter 4 of Paul H. Carr's "Beauty in Science and Spirit,"
Paul Tillich: Climate Prophecy versus ProfitPaul H. Carr
Paul Tillich’s 1962 sermon, “Man and Earth,” was prophetic. He said, “ We have no guarantee against man-made floods….” Floods are now increasing. Global ice is melting. Sea levels are rising four times faster than in 1900 from global warming.
What are the preliminary and ultimate concerns of those who deny what 97% of climate scientists have concluded? That is, increasing carbon dioxide emissions, mostly from our profitable fossil fuel burning, are warming our planet via the Greenhouse effect.
Let’s invest in jobs with-long term payoff. Until we get a vaccine, there will be continuing unemployment in the jobs where people are close together: restaurants, theaters, sporting events, airplanes, and cruises. Grants for more energy efficient homes and industrial buildings would make jobs for local contractors. The resulting lower energy costs with lower carbon dioxide emissions would repay the cost several times over. This comes when science tells us there is no time for delay on dealing with climate change.
Joe Biden’s “build back better” will immediately invest in sustainable job creation, new industries, and re-invigorated regional economies.
To outcompete China, Americans could invent, commercialize and manufacture the new battery technology needed to store solar and wind energy and for electric vehicles. Businesses and job creators all across our country would supply the materials and parts.
Millions of construction workers are needed to build affordable housing and to rebuild our crumbling infrastructure, including aging nuclear reactors. These generate 20% of our electricity with no carbon dioxide emissions. Americans are developing advanced reactors that are smaller, safer, and more efficient at half today’s construction costs.
Reform COVID19's Inequality to Avoid RevolutionsPaul H. Carr
COVID19 amplifies inequality, increasing tensions between poor Blacks, Whites, Police, and Immigrants. Economically disadvantaged Blacks joined by Whites are taking to the streets to demand reform. Economic inequality contributed to the French Revolution and to our Civil War, with the most casualties in our history.
We need reform to prevent revolutions. Karl Marx’s wrote his 1847 Communist Manifesto in response the newly rich industrialist’s exploitation of the poor workers in England. During this time, author Charles Dickens, as a boy, had to work ten-hour shifts pasting labels on bottles to support this family, because his father was confined in Debtor’s Prison.
In 1917,Trotsky led the Communist Revolution in Russia that ousted the Tsars’ monarchy. In 1924 Stalin emerged as the leader of the USSR. After WWII, the US fought the Korean and Vietnam Wars to stop the Communists from overrunning the world.
The rich, miserly Scrooge in Charles Dickens’ “Christmas Carol” underwent a conversion to a generous person who celebrated Christmas. In contrast to the Communist revolution, this can be a metaphor for the rule of law that enabled the US to overcome worker exploitation. The US passed child, labor, and anti-trust laws that constrained the power of the rich industrialists.
Since the 1980s, hourly worker pay has not increased in proportion to inflation and increased productivity. This disparity is increasing economic inequality. Most of the increased productivity pay has gone to those with education beyond a bachelor’s degree.
The minimum federal pay of $7.25 per hour has not been increased for over a decade. To keep up with inflation and productivity increases, the minimum wage should be gradually advanced to $ 20 per hour. Recently the minimum wage in Washington, DC increased to $14 per hour.
The property tax that funds public schools results in poor neighborhoods having poor schools and rich neighborhoods having good schools. State, federal, and corporate funds are needed to keep poor kids from being locked into poverty. Our high tech civilization needs an educated workforce. Let’s educate our poor rather than import educated immigrants. We must also reform our tax structure and corporate policies.
Sequel to "Transcending Death during COVID-19" Are scientific world-views con...Paul H. Carr
Religions people are more accepting of NDEs than scientists
For theologian Paul Tillich, "Our lives are limited in time but fulfilled by eternity. When we die, we return to the eternity from which we came."
What is eternity?
For Tillich, eternity is not unlimited time, but a dimension beyond time that enables us to to sense events as happening in temporal sequence.
"For the things that are seen are temporal, but things that are unseen are eternal" (Paul's Letter to II Corinthians.)
For Greeks like Pythagoras and Plato, mathematical relations are eternal, beautiful, and cosmic. Is God a mathematician?
For physicist-philosopher Paul H. Carr, beauty is a delicate dance between our subjective consciousness and the objective mathematical relationships that maintain the universe and life.
NDEs give evidence of out-of-body consciousness.
What is consciousness?
Cosmologist MIT Prof Max Tegman believes consciousness will increasingly be realized as mathematical patterns.
Consciousness for us is what information processing feels like, but this is not only material.
Anthropologist Berkley Prof Terry Deacon, believes that consciousness emerges from the firing of brain neurons but cannot be reduced to them.
Is the material world the ultimate, ontological reality? What about energy, and Spirit?
Religious Spirit is similar to scientific energy. We don't observe them directly, but infer their existence as a way of unifying complex phenomena.
Science's emergence to answer HOW is converging beautifully with religion's synthesis to answer WHY.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Climate Change: Are We Losing the Carbon-Free Energy Market to China
1. Climate Change:
Are We Losing the Carbon-Free Energy Market to China?
Paul H. Carr, PhD, IEEE Life Fellow
Web page: www.MirrorOfNature.org
2. Earthrise on the Moon
WHY
CARBON-
FREE
ENERGY?
SAVE OUR
EARTH!
It’s the only
one with
chocolate
3. 1. WHY CARBON-FREE ENERGY?
• NOW emissions from fossil fuel burning are
raising carbon dioxide concentrations 35%
higher than in the last millions of years.
These emissions are warming our planet via
the Greenhouse Effect, increasing weather
extremes, like higher intensity hurricanes.
• LONG TERM we will run out of fossil fuels.
They are a limited resource, decayed vegetation,
multimillions of years old.
4. IEEE LIFE MEMEBERS CLIMATE DISCUSSION, NewTV, August 2014, Video and PowerPoint
available at on my web page www.MirrorOfNature.org
-IEEE Boston Section Introduction: Lennart Long
- Moderator (left) John Horrigan introduces Paul H. Carr (center) and Ted Kochanski (right)
-20 min Paul H. Carr’s PowerPoint Talk: HUMANS INFLUENCE OUR CLIMATE
-20 min Ted Kochanski’s PowerPoint Talk: AGW QUESTIONS TO PONDER
- Lively Discussion
5. This global temperature chart is updated at Columbia University.
Data is based on GISTEMP analysis (mostly NOAA data sources) as described by Hansen et al.
2016 & 2015
Warmest years
On Record
“CO2 warming
should emerge
from the noise of
natural variability
(1981)” Hansen
The mean rate of temperature change for NH, below 1.22 degrees C per century, 1750 - 1910, has
increased to 5.10. (Non-governmental funded http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/locations/42.59N-
72.00W)
6. • FOSSIL FUELS WILL NOT MEET THE ENEGY DEMAND
• NEED NEW WIND, SOLAR, AND NUCLEAR ENERGY
7. 7
NEED CARBON-FREE ENERGY TO STOP
WHAT OUR CLIMATE IS DOING TO US.
“The earth and its poor cry out, and we must listen” Pope Francis
• Rising sea levels from thermal expansion and
melting mountain glaciers, Greenland, & Antarctica.
• Oceans becoming more acidic from CO2 absorption,
threatening the bottom of the food chain.
• Weather extremes are increasing:
-Wet areas are becoming wetter: Floods & Snow.
Atmosphere holds more water vapor at higher temps.
-Dry areas, drier: Expanded Deserts, Droughts & Wildfires.
• Climate Refugees ”CLIMmigration” from droughts.
• Health Hazards
- Tick-born Lyme Disease doubled since 1990 as winters warm.
- Increased heat deaths: 10,000 deaths in Moscow in 2010.
- Germs released as Arctic melts, Anthrax cases reported.
15. Reference. A Good Swift Kick
Two reports from Pew seek to prod U.S. policymakers to help the U.S. catch up in the global
clean-energy race, before it’s too late.
https://siteselection.com/theEnergyReport/2013/mar/clean-energy.cfm
China has 4 companies
in the the top 10 wind
turbine manufacturers,
with the US at 1 (GE).
China leads with 27 %
of the market and the
US is 3rd at 9 %.
Denmark is 2nd at 19%
16. Nuclear power paves the ONLY viable path forward on
climate change,
By NASA’s Dr. James Hansen , MIT’s Prof. Kerry Emanuel, and two other
top climate scientists, (Op-Ed Guardian, 3 Dec 2015)
They stated, “Modern nuclear technology can reduce
proliferation risks and solve the waste disposal problem by
burning current waste and using fuel more efficiently.
Innovation and economies of scale can make new power
plants even cheaper than existing plants.”
Engineers at MIT are designing a nuclear plant that
could be moored at sea, like an oil rig. It would cost about
one-third less than a conventional plant and take about half
the time to build. Floating reactors wouldn’t be in anyone’s
backyard (NIMBY).
18. How fear of nuclear power is hurting
the environment | YouTube 2016 TED Talk by Michael
Shellenberger
BACKGROUND:
• SOLAR ENERGY IS NUCLEAR.
The energy that enables life on earth comes from the nuclear
fusion of hydrogen into helium in our sun.
• Solar energy is available 26% of the time,
wind 33% of the time,
and nuclear 24/7
19. GLOBALLY: The 7%
decrease in Nuclear
generated electricity
is greater than the
+3.8% increase in
Solar & Wind.
To make up for the
difference, we are burning
more fossil fuels, which
increase our carbon
dioxide emissions .
This is particularly true in
Germany. Electricity cost is
twice that in the US.
20. Germany Runs Up Against the Limits of Renewables
by Richard Martin. May 24, 2016 MIT Technology Review
Even as Germany adds lots of wind and solar power to the
electric grid, the country’s carbon emissions are rising. Will
the rest of the world learn from its lesson?
At one point this month renewable energy sources briefly
supplied close to 90 percent of the power on Germany’s
electric grid.
At night when the wind is not blowing, they are burning
more dirty coal to generate electricity because they are
phasing out their nuclear power plants.
21. Bill Gates is funding a solution to the nuclear
waste problem. http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-talks-
private-nuclear-fission-plant-terrapower-2016-4
Gates said that TerraPower's nuclear pilot
plant will be built with the China National
Nuclear Corp. The economics, safety, waste,
and all the key parameters are dramatically
improved.
The traveling wave reactor converts
depleted uranium, a byproduct of the
nuclear-fission process, into usable fuel.
24. 24
India, with a billion people similar to China, is a Wild Card
that could equal China’s emissions.
25. Energy Returned on Invested (EROI), Nuclear Largest.( from Weißbach et al.,1) with
and without energy storage (buffering). CCGT is closed-cycle gas turbine. PWR is a
Pressurized Water (conventional nuclear)
Reactor. https://bravenewclimate.com/2014/08/22/catch-22-of-energy-storage/
For storage
26. Source Total Investment:
60 Year Project
Annual Before-Tax
Revenue
Market Price to
Break Even at 15
Years
Life Span
before
Retooling
Comparative
ROI at 60 Years
($0.145/KWhr)
Nuclear $17.0 Billion $1.244 Billion $0.12/KWhr 60 years $74.7 Billion
Land-based wind
+ batteries
$44.6 Billion $0.873 Billion $$0.11/KWhr 25 years $52.4 Billion
Solar + Batteries $55.8 Billion $0.208 Billion $0.15/KWhr 25 years $12.5 Billion
• Wind is available about 36% of the time and solar about 26%. Renewables need
to charge batteries to supply electricity 24/7.
• Kaui (Hawaii) is planning to use Tesla grid-level storage batteries and has a contract
for $0.145/KWhr for 20 years. This is a small installation, but it can be used as a
comparison. Telsa also offers grid level batteries for sale at $2.5 million/MW.
Over 60 years, the standard license period for nuclear reactors,
nuclear provides the largest return on investment (ROI) (Emery et al)
28. PROBLEM: IN the US by
2040,
NATURAL GAS & COAL
WILL BE THE LARGEST
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY.
SOLUTION:
NEXT GENERATION
NUCLEAR REACTORS
HAVE THE BEST
POTENTIAL TO INCREASE
AND THEREBY REDUCE
CARBON EMISSIONS 24/7
Figure from “Coal’s Last Kick” TIME, April 17, 2017
Not 24/7
29. 29
Alvin Weinberg demonstrated a
Thorium molten-salt nuclear
reactor at Oak Ridge in 1965- 1969.
Its fission byproducts had no
weapons value during the Cold
War’s nuclear arms race and zero
chance of a meltdown.
Thorium reactors lost to Navy
Admiral Rickover’s Uranium water-
cooled for nuclear submarines and
aircraft carriers. Present uranium
civilian reactors, which
generate 20% of our electricity
without carbon emissions, are a
spinoff from Rickover’s navy
technology.
30. Pressurized water raises
the boiling temperature of
nuclear reactors in use
today.
& Thorium
• Molten salt reactors
operate in the atmosphere.
• No expensive containment
structures
• Shut down automatically.
31. The spent fuel from Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors (LFTR) is significantly less of a
storage problem than from present uranium reactors.
32. Safer Nuclear Power, at Half the Price
by Kevin Bullis. March 12, 2013 Technology Review
Transatomic Power, a MIT spinoff, is developing a new
kind of molten-salt reactor designed to overcome the
major barriers to nuclear power.
The company’s biggest challenge might come from China,
which is investing $350 million over five years to develop
molten-salt reactors of its own. It plans to build a two-
megawatt test reactor by 2020.
India’s nuclear scientists expect to complete an
experimental fast breeder nuclear reactor in Kalpakkam by
the end of 2017.
It will generate 500 megawatts of electricity by using the
element thorium instead of uranium, which is rare in India.
33. Trump Could Fuel A Nuclear Energy Boom In 2017
James Stafford - Dec 06, 2016
http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Trump-Could-Fuel-A-Nuclear-Energy-Boom-In-2017.html
The president promised to “revive and expand our nuclear energy sector.”
When I asked MIT Prof of
Nuclear Science &
Engineering,
Ian Hutchison about this he
replied, “The Republicans
are less scared of nuclear
energy than the
Democrats.”
https://clearpath.org
“Conservative Clean Energy”
advocates nuclear.
34. CLEARPATH.ORG News Item.
Administration’s Nuclear Review Vital to
Pulling Industry Out of Crisis
WASHINGTON, June 29, 2017 –
The Trump administration’s upcoming
comprehensive study of the promises and
challenges of the U.S. nuclear sector may be
the catalyst for a wholesale effort to
stabilize and modernize the country’s most
reliable form of emission-free electricity.
35. 'Miniature', Modular Nuclear Power Plants Could Be Rolled Out in The US by 2026
They can fit on the back of a truck. JOSH HRALA 20 JAN 2017
Working with the US Department of Energy (DOE), NuScale Power the company already has
plans to showcase their new reactor. They've just announced plans to build a 12-module plant
in Idaho, where they'll work with power companies to test their SMR. The technology will be
available by 2026.
The 50 MegaWatt design we will hopefully be approved by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission and mass produced to reduce cost by 2026.
https://www.sciencealert.com/miniature-modular-nuclear-power-plants-are-being-
implemented-in-the-us
37. The Other Gigafactory: Rongke Power’s
battery factory, in Dalian, China, is set to
produce 3 gigawatts’ worth of vanadium
redox-flow batteries annually by 2020.
https://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/fuel-cells/its-
big-and-longlived-and-it-wont-catch-fire-the-
vanadium-redoxflow-battery. Nov 2017
Vanadium flow batteries finally
become competitive for grid-scale
energy storage.
Vanadium redox-flow batteries started
out as a modest research project at
the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory(PNNL), a U.S. Department of
Energy lab in Washington state.
China has the largest and highest-grade vanadium resources in the
world. Other sources are Russia and South Africa.
38. 38
Will a New Glass Battery Accelerate the End of Oil?
IEEE SPECTRUM 3 March 2017
John Goodenough, 94 co-inventor (1980) of the lithium-
ion battery, heads a team of researchers developing the
technology that could one day supplant it.
The lithium- or sodium-
glass battery has three
times the energy storage
capacity of a comparable
lithium-ion battery.
“”The next step is to
verify that the cathode
problem is solved,”
Goodenough says. “And
when we do [that] we
can scale up to large-
scale cells.
Yet, the world has seen
alleged game-changing
battery breakthroughs
come to naught before.
39. John Goodenough is a MIT Lincoln Lab Alumnus
Magnetic Transitions in Ti2O3 and V2O3
Journal of Applied Physics 31, S344 (1960);
P. H. Carr and S. Foner
Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Lexington, Massachusetts
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We have profited form informative discussions with
J. B. Goodenough
E. B. Warekois
40. 40
Why are per person carbon emissions in the US twice those of Europe?
$0.30. Gasoline $1.00
Gasoline 2X price in US
Natural gas
cheaper than
coal.
41. 10/9/15
www.
CitizensClimateLobby.org
- Revenue neutral
carbon fee with
dividend. (RNCFD)
-Dividend would be
returned to
everyone.
$2000 / family.
-Stimulating economy
& creating 2 million
jobs.
- Stimulate Green
Energy Innovation.
True social cost of burning fossil fuels.
Harness Greed towards Green
42. 42
REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS HAS NOT WRECKED OUR ECONOMY.
Contrary to denier’s claims, reducing CO2 emissions in 1980 & 2010 did not decrease our
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
45. 2012 Chevy Volt Plug-In Hybrid:
90 miles/gal running quietly on 40 mile battery
40 miles/gal highway with gasoline generator
350 mile range.
46. 2016 NISSAN
LEAF®
As low as:
$27,700*Net value after
federal tax credit
106City MPGal
107 mi range.
My friend bought a 3-year-old-leased Leaf
for $10,000.
Mitusbishi i
ELECTRIC CARS
47. ALL ELECTRIC 2017 CHEVY BOLT EV
• 238 mile range after charging.
• 120 mpg equivalent
• Acceleration 0 to 60 mpg in 6.3 second, about ½ that of
Tesla Model S, but the Bolt’s cost is ½,
about $33,000 with the Federal rebate.
The batteries, motor, and one-speed transmission are made in
South Korea. The Bolt is assembled in Michigan.
48. China is preparing to put the brakes on gasoline and diesel
cars.
http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/11/news/china-gas-electric-car-ban/index.html
The country, home to the world's largest auto market, is working on a plan to ban the
production and sale of vehicles powered solely by fossil fuels, officials say.
The Chinese government is following in the footsteps of countries
like India, France, Britain and Norway, which have already announced plans to ditch
gas and diesel cars in favor of cleaner vehicles in the coming years.
Ford wants to crack the world's largest auto market with fully electric vehicles sold under a
new brand. The company announced plans to form a new joint venture with Anhui Zotye
Automobile Co., a Chinese brand that specializes in all-electric vehicles.
VOLVO will make only electric and hybrid autos.
The present Republican tax bill would remove the $7500 income tax rebate for electric cars.
49. Climate Change:
Are We Losing the Carbon-Free Energy Market to China?
YES! China has the largest solar PV market share, dominates wind energy, is
building the most next-generation nuclear reactors, and has the world’s largest
giga-factory for utility scale storage batteries.
The US hosts Tesla’s and Panasonic’s giga-factory for Li-batteries for electric cars.
Tesla’s founder and CEO, Elon Musk, a South African immigrant, was attracted
to Silicon Valley from Canada. Will the US continue to attract technical leaders and
innovators from abroad?
In the US, 'Miniature', Modular Nuclear Power Plants Could Be Rolled Out by
2026. They can fit on the back of a truck.
• George Schultz’s revenue carbon-fee plus dividend could advance carbon-free
technology innovation and stimulate our economy.
https://citizensclimatelobby.org/
• Let’s advocate the Citizens Climate Lobby’s carbon-fee plus dividend, eat more
plant rich food, and choose less carbon-emitting modes of transportation.