1) Nuclear power is needed to meet rapidly growing global electricity demand in a low-carbon way, as it is the only energy source capable of supplying tens of thousands of GWe while having low environmental impact. 2) ThorCon's molten salt reactor design aims to make nuclear power safe, cheap, and reliable through passive safety features that do not require human operation or electricity to prevent radiation release. 3) ThorCon plans to demonstrate the safety of their design through pre-fission and full-scale tests that simulate accidents worse than Fukushima, and to build their first commercial plant in Indonesia to help meet the country's growing energy needs through local manufacturing.

1. A Practical Solution to Climate Change
1

2. Electricity Demand Continues to Grow Rapidly
Supplied Mostly by Coal
One large nuclear plant is around 1GWe
Total US usage is 500 Gwe
Roughly 1kW/person in Europe & Calif.
World population currently 7B people
May stabilize at 10-12B => 10-12,000 GWe
Oil unlikely to expand 5x.
Electricity applications will expand
transport
Industrial heat
Demand could go as high as 70,000 Gwe
Nuclear is the only energy source that can
do the job with low environmental impact.
But to be widely adopted nuclear must be
safe and the lowest cost solution.
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Total Use
Total Forecast
Fossil Supplied
Fossil Forecast
Year
WorldwideElectricityConsumption(GWe)
Source US Energy Information Administration
The need is to supply 100 GWe/year of new generation.
The goal is for 70-80% of that to be nuclear.
We hope to supply a major portion of that. 2

3. • Nuclear is the 2nd
largest sources of
emission free electricity
in the World (2017)
• It’s the elephant in the
room
• Nuclear is also the
easiest to rapidly
expand
Source : Vaclav Smil (2017) & BP Statistical
Review of World Energy
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Clean sources <6% of world’s energy

4. 4
What about accidents? Three Mile Island
March 1979
Maintenance worker closed a valve that should not have been left closed
Operator confusion led to mistakes
Fear of hydrogen explosion
Voluntary evacuation
Minor release of radioactivity - added 1/3 of normal background

5. 5
What about accidents? Three Mile Island
March 1979
Maintenance worker closed a valve that should not have been left closed
Operator confusion led to mistakes
Fear of hydrogen explosion
Voluntary evacuation
Minor release of radioactivity - added 1/3 of normal background
Lessons We Should Learn
1) Install hydrogen recombiner
2) Reduce chances for human error
3) Lack of information increased fear

6. What about Chernobyl
Known flawed design from the start.
No containment
Slow shutdown rods
Deliberate Human Error
Operator disabled safety system
Then did a safety stress test.
According to UN <100 deaths can be attributed
to the accident.
Definite increase in thyroid cancers - fortunately
these can be treated
Possibly several thousand additional cancer
deaths.
Chernobyl thriving for wildlife.
People who continued to live in the area had no
health impact
The other three reactors continued to operate
for 5-14 years.
Ukraine still uses nuclear for 50% of its power. April 1986

7. What about Chernobyl
Known flawed design from the start.
No containment
Slow shutdown rods
Deliberate Human Error
Operator disabled safety system
Did a safety stress test
According to UN <100 deaths can be attributed
to the accident.
Definite increase in thyroid cancers - fortunately
these can be treated
Possibly several thousand additional cancer
deaths.
Chernobyl thriving for wildlife.
People who continued to live in the area had no
health impact
The other three reactors continued to operate for
5-14 years.
Ukraine still uses nuclear for 50% of its power. April 1986
Lessons We Should Learn
1) Require a containment
2) Decent shutdown rods
3) Reduce chances for human error
4) Even in a worst case accident the
harm from radiation was a bad
industrial accident not a societal disaster.
5) Fear of radiation was the dominate
cause of harm

8. What about Fukushima
9.0 Earthquake
15m tsunami
>18,000 people killed by the
tsunami
But nuclear power plant dominated
press coverage for weeks
A common picture but is really an
oil refinery
400 deaths from train washed into
the ocean
1800 homes washed away from
dam failure
1600 deaths from the evacuation.
5 deaths due to cleanup work.
0-1 deaths from radiation
UN predicts any change in cancer rate will be too small to measure
March 2011

9. What about Fukushima
9.0 Earthquake
15m tsunami
>18,000 people killed
Dominated press coverage for
weeks
A common picture but is really an
oil refinery
400 deaths from train washed into
the ocean
1800 homes washed away from
dam failure
1600 deaths from the evacuation.
0 deaths from radiation
UNSCEAR any change in cancer rate is expected to be too small to measure
March 2011
Lessons We Should Learn
1) Don’t depend on electricity for safety
2) Reduce chances for human error
3) Even in a worst case earthquake
and tsunami harm from radiation
was an industrial accident
not a societal disaster.
3) Fear was much more dangerous
than radiation.

10. 10
Fatal Accidents from Airbus
Fatal commercial nuclear accidents

11. 32.72
24.62
18.43
4.63
2.82
0.07
Brown
Coal
Coal
Oil
Biomass
Gas
Nuclear
Data:
www.OurWorldinData.org
Google : “Death per twh”
GUESS WHICH ELECTRIC SOURCE IS THE SAFEST

12. 32.72
24.62
18.43
4.63
2.82
0.07
Brown
Coal
Coal
Oil
Biomass
Gas
Nuclear
Data:
www.OurWorldinData.org
Google : “Death per twh”
FACT : The Safest Energy Production :
The lowest death per terawatt hour
GUESS WHICH ELECTRIC SOURCE IS THE SAFEST

14. • Typical European or
US citizen averages
1kW electricity
consumption.
• Our spent fuel for
generating this power
over 60 years would fit
in a 600ml water
bottle.
• If that same electricity
were generated by a
coal plant the waste
would fill a 4mx5m
room 300m high -
higher than Gama
Tower the tallest
building in Jakarta
14
Nuclear Generates Small Amount of Waste
Gama Tower

15. Small Amount of Waste Make it Easy to Safely Store
• Picture to the right is a dry cask
storage area for a 620 MWe
power plant after 28 years.
• Notice the workers on the pad -
the casks are radiation shielded
so the workers need not wear
protective gear.
• Indonesia plans on dedicating an
uninhabited island for their
national spent fuel repository.
• This pad would be sufficient
store 80 years of spent fuel from
a 1GW power plant. Enough for
a city of 1 million people.
15

16. Only 3 haven’t operated nuclear power plant
Bangladesh has started to build a plant
Nigeria has decided to build one
Indonesia hasn’t decided yet
10 Countries with largest population
Is it time for Indonesia to build nuclear power ?
Population

17. ThorCon Design Philosophy
Goal: safe, cheap, reliable, carbon-free electricity. Now.
Inherently safe: combat nuclear fear, no mechanism to widely spread
radioactivity, no loss of investment upon failure or external event.
Passive safety: No operator action or inaction can cause a release. No
electricity or machinery required to prevent a release.
Producible. Power plant at $1/watt. Must be scalable to large volume
manufacturing.
Replaceable modules. Major failures have modest impact on plant output.
Fast: Full-scale prototype within four years.
Directly compete with coal.
http://www.thorconpower.com 17

18. • ThorCon power target IPP price is 6-7 cents per kWh (minimum
1GWe site).
• ThorCon power is clean. No Emissions!
• ThorCon power is reliable 24/7 non-intermittent power.
• ThorCon power is safe: a low pressure device with complete
passive safety for shut down and extracting decay heat.
• ThorCon power can be built quickly: 1 GW plant in 2 years
(after land acquisition, site survey, and permits).
• ThorCon power can be mass produced: 20 or more plants per
year.
ThorCon Power Can Meet Indonesian Clean Energy Needs
18

19. Ultra large crude carrier (ULCC) cost $89M in 2001
Largest operating oil tankers in the world.
Hellespont Alhambra, Tara, Fairfax, Metropolis
Architected and managed by Jack Devanney
Build Nuclear Power Plants Like ULCC’s
ThorConIsle
Each barge is 500 MWe
60% the size of ULCCs
Graphic shows two 500 MWe barges plus a
jetty surrounding them
19

20. 500 MW Demonstration Plant
Molten Salt Reactor Technology Proven at Oak Ridge National Lab
20
Built in yard, towed to site, ballasted down on sea bed,
and hooked up to grid.
Complete 500 MWe power plant 189m x 67m x 30m
DSME (2nd largest shipyard in the world)
validated our cost estimates and build times.

21. Four Year Cycle & Direct Access => Rapid Evolution
Cans
Steam Generators
Heat Exchanger
Pumps
Hatches allow direct access
to replace any component.
Easy upgrade path with new
components.
Possible because of the low
pressure.

22. ThorConIsle Can & Primary Loop
The 8x12m “Can” contains the primary
loop components: pump, pot (containing
the core), and the primary heat exchanger
Power: 557 MWth / 258 MWe
Fuel salt: NaF - BeF2 - UF4 - ThF4
Fuel salt flow: 3 tonnes/sec, 1 m3/sec
Inlet/outlet temperature: 565/704°C
The 5.5x5.0 m pot contains the graphite
moderator, the only place where criticality
can be achieved.
The Can is the first regulatory fission product
barrier. Stainless steel with inert gas inside
and out at 350C with modest stress.
Pot
P
H
X
Pump

23.
The Can and the Cooling Wall
Decay Heat radiates from the reactor and drain tank to the Cold Wall then moves to
the radiator in the pond water by natural circulation. No electricity, pumps or
operator required.
23
Very large store of water
AP1000 (0.84m3/MWth)
ThorCon (9.2m3/MWth)

24. • All safety systems fail
– No shutdown rods
– No backup power
– No cooling
– Much worse than Fukushima
• Fission power shut down from
negative feedbacks
– Passive natural circulation provides
initial cooling
• At drain time, the reactor is put
into a safe state with salt in drain
tank
– Salt temperatures max at 1000 C
– 0.25% of steel creep lifetime used up
Instantly cutoff electricity, no operator intervention,
shutdown rods prevented from deploying.
24
1) Worse than Fukushima
Software simulations
completed by independent
nuclear expert with no release
of radiation and no significant
damage to the reactor.
2) Will do hardware simulation
using the pre-fission plant.
3) Finally, will do this with the
demonstration plant.

25. Full Scale Pre-Fission Test Platform
25
No fission so very
little radiation
Engineering
measurements and
tests
Do severe tests worse than Fukushima
to prove passive safety

26. Combat Fear using Demonstration Plant
26
Invite press and politicians to witness
Run plant at full power
Instantly turn off all electricity
Stop cooling water
No operator action
WORSE THAN FUKUSHIMA
=>
Plant will
Shutdown fission
Drain the fuel salt
Remove the decay heat
Keep radioactive material contained
Build confidence in the politicians, press, and public
that an evacuation is not necessary. No reason to fear.

27. Sea-water cooling
pumps. 3x50%
Aux boiler
exhaust
Sentry turbine
Seawater - cooled Heat
exchanger to provide cooling
water throughout the plant
Assumed scenario:
Grid goes down
Power plant goes into hot standby
Minutes to days elapse while the grid is repaired
Grid is ready to be restored.
Hot standby / Island Mode
Nuclear island generates modest amount of heat
(up to 50MWth)
Use normal heat transfer path to create steam
Use Sentry turbine to generate electricity for
house load
50 MWth -> 15 MWe
Steam is 547C, 36.6 bar
Black Start

28. ThorCon capital and fuel costs are less than for coal.
500 MWe scale comparison; both use same 550°C steam to power conversion.
Economics Coal
generate steam
ThorCon
generate steam
Steam to kilowatts
Capital, $/kW 500-1500 400-500 500
Fuel, cents/kWh 2.5 0.5

29. One large shipyard to
factory-build new power
plants
Canship delivers new cans
and takes old cans back for
recycling. Also transports
new fuel and returns spent
fuel. One round trip every
four years to each 1GWe site.
Can recycling center
cleans and inspects
cans, replace
graphite, stores
offgas and graphite
wastes. Similar to a
shipyard. No fresh
or spent fuel.
NPP sites (1 GWe site shown)
1,000-20,000 GWe total)
Hull to NPP site
(500 MWe per hull)
29
Overall System Flow

30. A shipyard can build 20 1-GW
ThorCon power plants per year.
High-precision steel-fabrication
builds ships for $2000 per ton.
ThorCon design uses high-quality, low-cost shipyard
block construction technology.

31. 31
Argonne US National Lab
is developing
sensor for ThorCon
complete in June 2020 to
measure the redox,
oxygen and plutonium
content.
Argonne US National Lab is
measuring salt properties (density,
melting point, heat capacity) for
ThorCon complete in April 2020
needed for thermohydraulics
calculations.
Working together with Argonne National Labs

32. 32
Meeting the Needs of Indonesia and the World
Indonesia needs 10-20 GW added electricity each year.
We plan to build a yard in Indonesia to meet Indonesia’s needs
And for export
Total world demand is around 100 GW/year for 100 years
Could be 2-4x if transportation and industry switches
away from fossil fuels.

33. 33
Build in Indonesia
1) Working with Pt PAL to build the
reactor. Pt PAL has provided
budgetary estimate that meets
our needs.
2) Future may include heat
exchangers
3) Building reactors will be a large,
long term business and is now part
of Pt PALs plans.
4) DSME + ThorCon have discussed
building a power plant factory in
Indonesia to build 20 GW per year of
new power plants.
5) Discussed with Pt TIMAH about
providing the thorium. Together with
BATAN they have built laboratory
scale process to purify the thorium.

34. 34
Summary
1) Energy needs of the world are HUGE - but nuclear can deliver
2) Nuclear power is safe.
TMSR-500 is safe even with human error and no electricity.
3) Regulators have set maximum allowable release levels at 1mSv/yr
Danger is at 1000 mSv. Radiation from nuclear power is not a huge
danger.
4) We can build this in Indonesia, by Indonesians, for Indonesia.

35. CanShip Delivers Fresh Fuel and Removes Spent Fuel
Fuel cask position
both fresh and spent
35