Ten diverse genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were crossed in a diallel fashion to study variability , heritability and genetic advance for 12 quantitative characters . A considerable amount of variability (gcv) varied from 5.95 for no. of leaves per tiller to 17.40 for grain yield per plant and the estimates of pcv varied from 7.08 for days to 50% flowering to 17.49 for grain yield per plant. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.721 for total biological yield per plant to 1.000 for plant height . Since the heritability in broad sense was estimated , therefore . other parameters should also be considered for selecting the genotypes. The genetic advance varied from 0.71 for no. of leaves per tiller to 46.23 for no. of spikelets per panicle. High estimates of genetic advance was reported for plant height , days to maturity , days to 50% flowering and total biological yield per plant . However, high heritability estimates was associated with high predicted genetic advance for plant height , days to maturity ,days to 50% flowering and no. of spikelets per panicle. The situation is encouraging since selection based on these characters being of additive in nature , is likely to be more effective for their improvement. As such phenotypic selection for those traits is likely to be more effective for their improvement. The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation were higher than those of genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits except plant height. High estimates of heritability and genetic advance were obtained for plant height , number of spikelets per panicle , days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity . These traits were mostly governed by additive gene action. And these characters are important for the breeder to construct selection indices.
Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Goss...INNS PUBNET
The present study was carried out to examine the potential in cotton germplasm for breeding water stress tolerant plant material, and understand the genetic basis of different morphological traits related to water stress tolerance. Portioned analysis of variance was employed to obtain good parents for this purposes. The parental genotypes MNH-512, Arizona-6218, CIM-482, MS-39, and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion and F0 seeds of 20 hybrids and five parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010. Simple regression analysis of F1 data revealed that additive-dominance model was quite adequate for all morphological traits. The unit slope of regression lines number of bolls (b = 1.07 ± 9.14), boll weight (b = 0.99 ± 0.11), yield per plant (b = 0.96 ± 0.31), plant height (b = 1.10 ± 0.34), leaf area index (b = 0.82 ± 0.27), and ginning percentage (b = 1.01 ± 0.12) suggested that the epistatic component was absent in the inheritance of all characters studied. The result of various plant characters including seed yield showed drastic effects of water stress as compared with those assessed in non-stressed condition. Leaf area index in the analysis of variance suggested that additive variation was more important for the character. Narrow leaf varieties NIAB-78 and CIM-482 were water stress tolerant while varieties Arizona-6218, MNH-512 and MS-39 were broader leaf showing less resistant to water stress. The information derived from these studies may be used to develop drought tolerant cotton material that could give economic yield in water stressed conditions of cotton belt. Full articles at: http://innspubnet.blogspot.com/2016/08/diversity-and-distribution-of-anuran-in.html
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
Field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percent mean and character association for forty nine genotypes of Ethiopian mustards collected from different agro ecologies. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions which is important for improvement. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were observed in seed yield per plot, oil yield per plot, and plant height. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight (68.80%) followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid(62.58%), days to maturity (60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic acid (58.19%), linoleic acid (57.46%),oil content (50.33%), oil yield (44.84%), seed yield per plot(42.99%),and primary branches(34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to the high genotypic and less environmental variance. In the correlation coefficient analysis, seed yield per plot showed positive correlation with oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. In the path analysis, number of primary branches and oil yield showed positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. In this study, seed yield per plot, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were found to be the most important components for the improvement of seed and oil. Therefore more emphasis should be given for highest heritable traits of mustard and to those positively correlated traits to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
Genetic Variability and Morphological Diversity among Open-Pollinated Maize (...Premier Publishers
A study to characterize and determine the magnitude of genetic variation among 60 open-pollinated maize varieties was conducted at two contrasting locations in Sierra Leone during the 2015 wet cropping season. Results revealed that traits such as grain moisture content, anthesis-silking interval, plant and ear heights, number of ears harvested, field weight and grain yield showed moderate to high values of the components of genetic variation while days to 50% anthesis and silking revealed low values of the components of genetic variation. The first two PCA axes explained 54% of the total variation, of which the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 35% and PC2 contributed 19% of the total variation. The cluster diagram grouped the genotypes into seven main clusters and results suggest that crosses involving clusters I and V with any other clusters would produce segregants with low grain yields while the crosses between clusters IV, VI and VII would be expected to manifest higher heterosis and could result in segregants with higher grain yields. There was significant genetic variability observed among the genotypes evaluated thereby suggest the scope to bring about traits improvement of genotypes through direct selection and hybridization.
Study of Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation among 20 Accessions of Nigerian...IOSRJAVS
Morphological techniques were used to evaluate the diversity in 20 cowpea accessions collected from some parts of Nigeria for two years (2007 and 2008) at Ibadan, South Western Nigeria. Correlation analysis was employed to show the relationships among the traits. Similarly, genotypic and phenotypic variances, genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and expected genetic advance were estimated for the twelve traits in cowpea for each season. This study shows that for cowpea yield improvement, number of main branches, pod numbers, pods per plant, pods per peduncle and seeds per pod should be part of the selection criteria.
Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Goss...INNS PUBNET
The present study was carried out to examine the potential in cotton germplasm for breeding water stress tolerant plant material, and understand the genetic basis of different morphological traits related to water stress tolerance. Portioned analysis of variance was employed to obtain good parents for this purposes. The parental genotypes MNH-512, Arizona-6218, CIM-482, MS-39, and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion and F0 seeds of 20 hybrids and five parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010. Simple regression analysis of F1 data revealed that additive-dominance model was quite adequate for all morphological traits. The unit slope of regression lines number of bolls (b = 1.07 ± 9.14), boll weight (b = 0.99 ± 0.11), yield per plant (b = 0.96 ± 0.31), plant height (b = 1.10 ± 0.34), leaf area index (b = 0.82 ± 0.27), and ginning percentage (b = 1.01 ± 0.12) suggested that the epistatic component was absent in the inheritance of all characters studied. The result of various plant characters including seed yield showed drastic effects of water stress as compared with those assessed in non-stressed condition. Leaf area index in the analysis of variance suggested that additive variation was more important for the character. Narrow leaf varieties NIAB-78 and CIM-482 were water stress tolerant while varieties Arizona-6218, MNH-512 and MS-39 were broader leaf showing less resistant to water stress. The information derived from these studies may be used to develop drought tolerant cotton material that could give economic yield in water stressed conditions of cotton belt. Full articles at: http://innspubnet.blogspot.com/2016/08/diversity-and-distribution-of-anuran-in.html
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
Field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percent mean and character association for forty nine genotypes of Ethiopian mustards collected from different agro ecologies. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions which is important for improvement. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were observed in seed yield per plot, oil yield per plot, and plant height. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight (68.80%) followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid(62.58%), days to maturity (60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic acid (58.19%), linoleic acid (57.46%),oil content (50.33%), oil yield (44.84%), seed yield per plot(42.99%),and primary branches(34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to the high genotypic and less environmental variance. In the correlation coefficient analysis, seed yield per plot showed positive correlation with oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. In the path analysis, number of primary branches and oil yield showed positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. In this study, seed yield per plot, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were found to be the most important components for the improvement of seed and oil. Therefore more emphasis should be given for highest heritable traits of mustard and to those positively correlated traits to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
Genetic Variability and Morphological Diversity among Open-Pollinated Maize (...Premier Publishers
A study to characterize and determine the magnitude of genetic variation among 60 open-pollinated maize varieties was conducted at two contrasting locations in Sierra Leone during the 2015 wet cropping season. Results revealed that traits such as grain moisture content, anthesis-silking interval, plant and ear heights, number of ears harvested, field weight and grain yield showed moderate to high values of the components of genetic variation while days to 50% anthesis and silking revealed low values of the components of genetic variation. The first two PCA axes explained 54% of the total variation, of which the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 35% and PC2 contributed 19% of the total variation. The cluster diagram grouped the genotypes into seven main clusters and results suggest that crosses involving clusters I and V with any other clusters would produce segregants with low grain yields while the crosses between clusters IV, VI and VII would be expected to manifest higher heterosis and could result in segregants with higher grain yields. There was significant genetic variability observed among the genotypes evaluated thereby suggest the scope to bring about traits improvement of genotypes through direct selection and hybridization.
Study of Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation among 20 Accessions of Nigerian...IOSRJAVS
Morphological techniques were used to evaluate the diversity in 20 cowpea accessions collected from some parts of Nigeria for two years (2007 and 2008) at Ibadan, South Western Nigeria. Correlation analysis was employed to show the relationships among the traits. Similarly, genotypic and phenotypic variances, genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and expected genetic advance were estimated for the twelve traits in cowpea for each season. This study shows that for cowpea yield improvement, number of main branches, pod numbers, pods per plant, pods per peduncle and seeds per pod should be part of the selection criteria.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analysis in Upland Rice...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield related traits in some upland rice genotypes. A total of 23 rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at Pawe and Assosa. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations, and error variances of the two locations were homogenous for most of the traits including grain yield. Moreover, the genotypes showed wider variability for grain yield in the range between 3707-6241kg/ha, 4853-7282kg/ha and 4280-6761kg/ha at Pawe, Assosa and over locations, respectively. A relatively high (>20%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were estimated merely for number of unfilled grains per panicle. High heritability estimates (> 60%) were obtained for all of the traits, except plant height and Protein content. A relatively high genetic advance was obtained for traits like unfilled grains per panicle and fertile tiller per plant. Thus, this study revealed that there was higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which could be potentially exploited in future breeding programs.
This study aims to determine the genetic components like Vg(Variance of genotype), Vp ( Variance of phenotype), GCV (Genotypic co-efficient of variation), PCV (Phenotypic coefficient of variation), Hb (Heritability) and GA% (Genetic advance in percentage of means) in F2 generation of the cross Nagina x Bushbeef-steak for predicting quantitative traits. Data was collected on P1, P2 F1 and F2 generation for various yield components and were analyzed. Analyzed data showed relatively high difference between, GCV, Vp and PCV for the traits: Flowers/cluster, Fruits/cluster and Fruit weight and relatively low difference was noted for Vg, GCV and Vp, PCV values in the traits: Fruit diameter, Fruit length and fruits/plant. Highest value of GCV (79.90%) and PCV (92.79%) were noted in the trait: yield/plant and the lowest values of GCV (14.68%) and PCV (16.78%) were noted for fruit-length. Highest value (84.08%) of broad sense heritability %(Hb%) was noted in fruit diameter and the lowest value of heritability(27.58) was noted for the trait fruits/cluster. Moderate value of heritability (74.13%) along with low value (15.22) of GA% was noted for yield/plant.
Order of dominance for maturity traits in eight parents of bottle gourdDr. Mahesh Ghuge
Gene Action refers to the
behavior or mode of expression of genes in a genetic population. Knowledge
of gene action helps in the selection of parents for use in the hybridization
programmes and also in the choice of appropriate breeding procedure for the
genetics improvement of various quantitative characters. The coefficient of
correlation (r) between parental order of dominance (Wr-Vr) and parental
measurements (Yr) was calculated to get an idea about the dominance genes
with positive and negative effects. The present study consisted of eight
distinct genotypes and important varieties collected from Indian Institute of
Vegetable Research. These were Samrat (P1 + Stranded variety), Aditi (P2),
Pusa Summer Prolific Long (P3), IC 093236 (P4), TC 092372 (P5), VRBG
100 (P6), VRBG VAR - 45 (P7) and VRBG 444 (P8).
Estimation of genetic variation for maturity traits in eight genotypes of bot...Dr. Mahesh Ghuge
The experimental material for the present study consisted of eight distinct
genotypes and important varieties collected from Indian Institute of
Vegetable Research. These were Samrat (P1 + Stranded variety), Aditi (P2),
Pusa Summer Prolific Long (P3), IC 093236 (P4), TC 092372 (P5), VRBG
100 (P6), VRBG VAR - 45 (P7) and VRBG 444 (P8). Additive (D)
component was lower in magnitude than dominance components of genetic
variation for all the maturity characters except node number of first
staminate flowers and node number of first pistilate flower which revealed
preponderance of both dominant and recessive component of variance.
Proportion of genes (H2/4H1) in the parents were less than 0.25 for all the
maturity traits except node number of first staminate flowers which showed
asymmetrical distribution of loci showing dominance in the inheritance of
these characters. The ratio of (4D H1)
1/2+F/(4D H1)
½
-F indicated the excess
of dominant as well as recessive genes among the parental strains for most
of the maturity characters.
Line × tester analysis for yield contributing morphological traits in Triticu...Innspub Net
The present study was carried out for the development of the water stress wheat cultivars with higher grain yield by studying the genetic basis of crucial morphological traits. Nine wheat genotypes were grouped into six lines and three testers and these parents were crossed line x tester fashion. Eighteen crosses including nine parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three drought tolerant varieties Chakwal-50, Chakwal-86 and Kohistan-97 were also sown to compare the results in water stress environment. Highest negative GCA effects were observed in WN-36 for plant height (-6.17) and flag leaf area (-1.53), while for peduncle length it was noted in 8126 lines (-1.15). Highest positive GCA effects were observed in WN-32 for a number of grains per spike (5.21), grain yield per plant (2.08) and for spikelet per spike (0.33), while for 8126 and WN-10 the number of tillers per plant (0.67) and spike length (0.25) was found, respectively. The crosses 9451 × WN-25, WN-36 × 8126, WN-10 × 8126 showed highest negative SCA effects for plant height (-8.06), flag leaf area (-2.89), and peduncle length (-2.05), respectively. Moreover, the cross combinations of WN-36 × WN-25, WN-32 × WN-25 and AARI-7 × 9526 showed positive SCA effects for number of tillers per plant (1.52), spike length (0.72) and number of spikelet per spike (0.84) respectively, while the interaction of WN-35 × 8126 crosses showed highest positive SCA effects for number of grains/spike (5.69) and grain yield/plant (2.75). The parental material used in this study and cross combinations obtained from these parents may be exploited in future breeding endeavors.
Estimates of gene action for yield and its components in bread wheat Triticum...Innspub Net
In order to study gene action for yield and its components using 8 × 8 diallel crosses excluding reciprocals during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons at Tag El-Ezz Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, the genotypes were Sides 12, Gemmiza 11, Maser 1, Maser 2, Shandaweel 1, Giza 168, Sakha 93, and Sakha 94. Results revealed that both additive (D) and dominance (H1 and H2) genetic variance were significant for the all studied characters, indicating the importance of additive and dominance gene effects in controlling these characters. The dominance genetic variance was higher in the magnitude as compared to additive one, resulting in (H1/D)0.5 exceeding than more unity for all studied characters except spike density and number of tillers/plant. The “F” values which refer to the covariance of additive and dominance gene effects in the parents revealed positive and significant for flag leaf length and flag leaf area, extrusion length, number of tillers/plant number of spikes/plant, number of grains/spike and 1000- grain weight, indicating that dominant alleles were more frequent than the recessive ones in the parents for this character, while negative “F’ value for remaining characters indicated excess of recessive alleles among parents. The overall dominance effects of heterozygous loci h2, indicated directional dominance for heading date, flag leaf length, flag leaf area, spike length, extrusion length, spike density, grain yield/spike, number of tillers/plant number of spikes/plant, number of grains/ spike and grain yield/plant. Proportion of genes with positive and negative effects in the parent (H2/4H1) was deviated from 0.25 for all studied characters Heritability in narrow sense was moderate (0.369) for grain yield/plant.
Design and Fabrication of a Stir Casting Furnace Set-UpIJERA Editor
Now-a-days a large variety of heating techniques/furnaces are available. There may be many method for supplying heat to the work but heat is produced either by combustion of fuel or electric resistance heating. Taking into consideration the effect of cost, safety, simplicity and ease of construction we are going for an electrical resistance heating furnace with indirect heating provisions. The stir casting furnace has two main parts that enable to perform all its operations, they are: Furnace Elements and Control Panel. This paper shows the design and fabrication of stir-casting furnace and aluminium melted and casted to form.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analysis in Upland Rice...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield related traits in some upland rice genotypes. A total of 23 rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at Pawe and Assosa. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations, and error variances of the two locations were homogenous for most of the traits including grain yield. Moreover, the genotypes showed wider variability for grain yield in the range between 3707-6241kg/ha, 4853-7282kg/ha and 4280-6761kg/ha at Pawe, Assosa and over locations, respectively. A relatively high (>20%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were estimated merely for number of unfilled grains per panicle. High heritability estimates (> 60%) were obtained for all of the traits, except plant height and Protein content. A relatively high genetic advance was obtained for traits like unfilled grains per panicle and fertile tiller per plant. Thus, this study revealed that there was higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which could be potentially exploited in future breeding programs.
This study aims to determine the genetic components like Vg(Variance of genotype), Vp ( Variance of phenotype), GCV (Genotypic co-efficient of variation), PCV (Phenotypic coefficient of variation), Hb (Heritability) and GA% (Genetic advance in percentage of means) in F2 generation of the cross Nagina x Bushbeef-steak for predicting quantitative traits. Data was collected on P1, P2 F1 and F2 generation for various yield components and were analyzed. Analyzed data showed relatively high difference between, GCV, Vp and PCV for the traits: Flowers/cluster, Fruits/cluster and Fruit weight and relatively low difference was noted for Vg, GCV and Vp, PCV values in the traits: Fruit diameter, Fruit length and fruits/plant. Highest value of GCV (79.90%) and PCV (92.79%) were noted in the trait: yield/plant and the lowest values of GCV (14.68%) and PCV (16.78%) were noted for fruit-length. Highest value (84.08%) of broad sense heritability %(Hb%) was noted in fruit diameter and the lowest value of heritability(27.58) was noted for the trait fruits/cluster. Moderate value of heritability (74.13%) along with low value (15.22) of GA% was noted for yield/plant.
Order of dominance for maturity traits in eight parents of bottle gourdDr. Mahesh Ghuge
Gene Action refers to the
behavior or mode of expression of genes in a genetic population. Knowledge
of gene action helps in the selection of parents for use in the hybridization
programmes and also in the choice of appropriate breeding procedure for the
genetics improvement of various quantitative characters. The coefficient of
correlation (r) between parental order of dominance (Wr-Vr) and parental
measurements (Yr) was calculated to get an idea about the dominance genes
with positive and negative effects. The present study consisted of eight
distinct genotypes and important varieties collected from Indian Institute of
Vegetable Research. These were Samrat (P1 + Stranded variety), Aditi (P2),
Pusa Summer Prolific Long (P3), IC 093236 (P4), TC 092372 (P5), VRBG
100 (P6), VRBG VAR - 45 (P7) and VRBG 444 (P8).
Estimation of genetic variation for maturity traits in eight genotypes of bot...Dr. Mahesh Ghuge
The experimental material for the present study consisted of eight distinct
genotypes and important varieties collected from Indian Institute of
Vegetable Research. These were Samrat (P1 + Stranded variety), Aditi (P2),
Pusa Summer Prolific Long (P3), IC 093236 (P4), TC 092372 (P5), VRBG
100 (P6), VRBG VAR - 45 (P7) and VRBG 444 (P8). Additive (D)
component was lower in magnitude than dominance components of genetic
variation for all the maturity characters except node number of first
staminate flowers and node number of first pistilate flower which revealed
preponderance of both dominant and recessive component of variance.
Proportion of genes (H2/4H1) in the parents were less than 0.25 for all the
maturity traits except node number of first staminate flowers which showed
asymmetrical distribution of loci showing dominance in the inheritance of
these characters. The ratio of (4D H1)
1/2+F/(4D H1)
½
-F indicated the excess
of dominant as well as recessive genes among the parental strains for most
of the maturity characters.
Line × tester analysis for yield contributing morphological traits in Triticu...Innspub Net
The present study was carried out for the development of the water stress wheat cultivars with higher grain yield by studying the genetic basis of crucial morphological traits. Nine wheat genotypes were grouped into six lines and three testers and these parents were crossed line x tester fashion. Eighteen crosses including nine parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three drought tolerant varieties Chakwal-50, Chakwal-86 and Kohistan-97 were also sown to compare the results in water stress environment. Highest negative GCA effects were observed in WN-36 for plant height (-6.17) and flag leaf area (-1.53), while for peduncle length it was noted in 8126 lines (-1.15). Highest positive GCA effects were observed in WN-32 for a number of grains per spike (5.21), grain yield per plant (2.08) and for spikelet per spike (0.33), while for 8126 and WN-10 the number of tillers per plant (0.67) and spike length (0.25) was found, respectively. The crosses 9451 × WN-25, WN-36 × 8126, WN-10 × 8126 showed highest negative SCA effects for plant height (-8.06), flag leaf area (-2.89), and peduncle length (-2.05), respectively. Moreover, the cross combinations of WN-36 × WN-25, WN-32 × WN-25 and AARI-7 × 9526 showed positive SCA effects for number of tillers per plant (1.52), spike length (0.72) and number of spikelet per spike (0.84) respectively, while the interaction of WN-35 × 8126 crosses showed highest positive SCA effects for number of grains/spike (5.69) and grain yield/plant (2.75). The parental material used in this study and cross combinations obtained from these parents may be exploited in future breeding endeavors.
Estimates of gene action for yield and its components in bread wheat Triticum...Innspub Net
In order to study gene action for yield and its components using 8 × 8 diallel crosses excluding reciprocals during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons at Tag El-Ezz Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, the genotypes were Sides 12, Gemmiza 11, Maser 1, Maser 2, Shandaweel 1, Giza 168, Sakha 93, and Sakha 94. Results revealed that both additive (D) and dominance (H1 and H2) genetic variance were significant for the all studied characters, indicating the importance of additive and dominance gene effects in controlling these characters. The dominance genetic variance was higher in the magnitude as compared to additive one, resulting in (H1/D)0.5 exceeding than more unity for all studied characters except spike density and number of tillers/plant. The “F” values which refer to the covariance of additive and dominance gene effects in the parents revealed positive and significant for flag leaf length and flag leaf area, extrusion length, number of tillers/plant number of spikes/plant, number of grains/spike and 1000- grain weight, indicating that dominant alleles were more frequent than the recessive ones in the parents for this character, while negative “F’ value for remaining characters indicated excess of recessive alleles among parents. The overall dominance effects of heterozygous loci h2, indicated directional dominance for heading date, flag leaf length, flag leaf area, spike length, extrusion length, spike density, grain yield/spike, number of tillers/plant number of spikes/plant, number of grains/ spike and grain yield/plant. Proportion of genes with positive and negative effects in the parent (H2/4H1) was deviated from 0.25 for all studied characters Heritability in narrow sense was moderate (0.369) for grain yield/plant.
Design and Fabrication of a Stir Casting Furnace Set-UpIJERA Editor
Now-a-days a large variety of heating techniques/furnaces are available. There may be many method for supplying heat to the work but heat is produced either by combustion of fuel or electric resistance heating. Taking into consideration the effect of cost, safety, simplicity and ease of construction we are going for an electrical resistance heating furnace with indirect heating provisions. The stir casting furnace has two main parts that enable to perform all its operations, they are: Furnace Elements and Control Panel. This paper shows the design and fabrication of stir-casting furnace and aluminium melted and casted to form.
Study of the effect of Illite and Kaolinite on low salinity water injectionIJERA Editor
Low salinity water flooding as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Technique refers to the injection of brine with a lower salt content or ionic strength into an oil reservoir. Although the mechanisms have not yet been verified, the solution and surface chemistry as well as rock/fluid interactions have important roles that can be attributed to reservoir minerals being sensitive to small changes in solution properties. Among the proposed mechanisms, the clay content of rock and type of clay has been of significant interest in shedding light on the low salinity water flooding process. In this paper, two clay types (illite and kaolinite) have been selected to investigate the individual contribution of each on the rock surface characterization andlow salinity water flooding performance.
The results from contact angle measurement on the oil-wet calcite by low salinity water at room temperature show that the presence of low content of illite in the rock materials, in contrast to the kaolinite, reduces the contact angle significantly. This observation demonstrates that the low salinity water flooding performance depends strongly on the type of clay not on the amount of clay.
Building Development Practice in Flood Prone Area: Case of Ogbaru Council Are...IJERA Editor
This study examined the practice of building development in flood prone areas and how it has contributed to the menace of flooding in Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State Nigeria. It was a survey research where questionnaires were distributed to heads of the selected households, in addition to physical observations on buildings within the selected households. Four towns out of sixteen towns that made up Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State were purposefully selected. From these towns, 96 households each were randomly selected and a total of 384 questionnaires were administered to the head of each household or their representative, whereas 242 copies were completed, returned and found useful, thus, giving a response rate of 62.92%. The study found that siting of buildings on waterways, flood channels/plains, inadequate/lack of drains in the compounds, lack of planning restriction/developmental control, size of the building/area occupied by the building among others contribute greatly to the incessant flood menace in the study area. The study therefore deduced that some building practices such as those identified above have the ability of exacerbating the velocity and rate of flooding in the area which turned into natural disaster, and thus, recommended strict enforcement of building and urban development laws and control in the state to reduce indiscriminate erecting of building structures on waterways, including planlessness of our emerging urban centres.
Design and Analysis of the Effect of a Modified Valve with Helical Guideways ...IJERA Editor
The in-cylinder flow of an Internal Combustion Engine(ICE) has drawn much attention of the automotive
researchers and scientists in the present time. A good swirl promotes fast combustion and improves the
efficiency. Based upon this concept, this paper describes the results of a study conducted to investigate the
effects of a “modified valve with helical guide ways” on the performance of combustion. Small internal
combustion engine is designed to be part of a very efficient vehicle to enter a consumption marathon. The
engine should run at low speeds, in order to have low mechanical losses but combustion should be fast, enabling
good combustion efficiency. Therefore, high turbulence is required prior to combustion within the cylinder,
hence the concept of swirl is introduced and its effect on the combustion within the cylinder has been
ascertained in the present work. Assessment of the effect of swirl on combustion performance within the
cylinder requires excessive experimentation by modifying the design of various components of combustion
chamber. Therefore, in the present work using the concept of CFD the simulation of combustion phenomenon
has been carried out and the output parameters in the form of swirl ratio has been assessed. The modelling of
combustion chamber has been carried out using CATIA software and the same is imported to analysis software
ANSYS- CFX module. Here, the performance of the model is assessed by the swirl ratio. The swirl ratio of the
modified valve (Valve with helical guide ways) is obtained as 1.45 which is much higher than a normal valve
with swirl ratio 0.65 as assessed from the present work.
Optimized Design of an Alu Block Using Power Gating TechniqueIJERA Editor
Power is the limiting factor in traditional CMOS scaling and must be dealt with aggressively. With the scaling
of technology and the need for high performance and more functionality, power dissipation becomes a major
bottleneck for a system design. Power gating of functional units has been proved to be an effective technique to
reduce power consumption. This paper describe about to design of an ALU block with sleep mode to reduce the
power consumption of the circuit. Local sleep transistors are used to achieve sleep mode. During sleep mode
one functional unit is working and another functional unit is in idle state. i.e., it disconnects the idle logic
blocks from the power supply. Architecture and functionality of the ALU implemented on FPGA and is tested
using DSCH tool. Power analysis is carried out using MICROWIND tool.
Research on the Model of Sight Distance Triangle in Mountain HighwayIntersect...IJERA Editor
Because of the complex terrain,thestopping sight distance ofintersection is difficult to meet and intersections
become accident-prone section in mountain highway. In response to this phenomenon,thisstudy establishedsight
distance triangle modelsfor uncontrolled intersections and minor roadswith a stop controlledbased on
driver’svisual characteristics by analyzing the driver's visual features and driving characteristics of mountain
highway intersection.It can provide a theoretical basis for the design of mountain highway intersection.
Stress-Strain of Hotmix Cold Laid Containing Buton Granular Asphat (BGA) with...IJERA Editor
Buton granular asphalt (BGA) is produced from natural rock asphalt. The employment of hotmix cold laid containing BGA with modifier oil base and modifier oil base can substitute hot rolled asphalt (HRA) construction in the remote and distance areas. Natural rock asphalt that deposited in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia is crushed to produce Buton granular asphalt (BGA). BGA and cold modifier were utilized to produce hot mixture that can be laid at cold temperature of 50OC to 27OC.The present study provides the information concerning the stress-strain pattern and compressive strength of hotmix cold laid containing BGA and Modifier Oil Base and Modifier Water Base at the storing and compaction time of 4 hours, 3 days and 7 days.
On The Number of Representations of a Positive Integer By Certain Binary Quad...IJERA Editor
It is well known how to find the formulae for the number of representations of positive integers by the positive
binary quadratic forms which belong to one-class genera. In this paper we obtain the formulae for the number of
representations by certain binary forms with discriminants –80 and –128 belonging to the genera having two
classes.
Synthesis and Comparative Study of Novel Cross Linked Bio Polymers from Linse...IJERA Editor
Novel cross linked biopolymers were synthesised from naturally available linseed oil. Epoxidation of linseed oil
was carried out by per acetic acid method. Further an acrylated epoxidized resin (AELO) was synthesised from
the epoxidized linseed oil (ELO). The (AELO) was characterised by spectral and physicochemical properties
(Specific gravity, viscosity, Saponification value, iodine value).The Novel cross linked biopolymer were
prepared by using AELO with Triethylene glycol trimethacrylate(TEGMA) . The mechanical properties of cross
linked biopolymer was improved by adding filler like wood flour. The environmental degradation was assessed
by sem analysis. The outcome of the studies revealed that the newly prepared cross linked biopolymers are
potential biodegradable material for various consumer applications like package materials, sporting goods and
floor mats.
Literature Review of the Application of Conductive Carbon Fiber-graphite Conc...IJERA Editor
The technical features of conductive carbon fiber-graphite concrete are reviewed in this paper, and its generation, development and the current technology condition are also introduced. According to the researches of conductive carbon fiber-graphite concrete material in recent years, the paper presents its application in all kinds of aspects especially floor heating engineering in which its advantages can be fully used. Finally, the paper summarized the developing trend of carbon fiber-graphite conductive concrete.
Screening Of the Association of Aspergillusfungi – Macerase and Cellulase Enz...IJERA Editor
In nature, the destruction of plant wastes takes place by not a single microorganism, butby complex of microorganisms which belong to different species and genera with complex of enzymes. Using of highly active monocultures to createfungal association which produce multifunctional enzymeswith desired properties is a promising approach to create relevant and effective crop production microorganisms with beneficial properties. Among15 industrial micro my cetes the most active association was from Aspergillusniger 355 and Aspergillusawamori 1-8 which had highmacerase and cellulase enzymes activity.
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
Comparison of different controllers for the improvement of Dynamic response o...IJERA Editor
As the technology is fast changing, there is more and more use of machine intelligence in modern motor controllers. These controllers are employed in advanced electric motor drives in particular, the present day Induction motor drives. These systems emulate the human logic. This is particularly useful when the application has poorly defined mathematical model. In this present paper the analysis of fuzzy logic as the artificial intelligence is used. The comparative study of Fuzzy PI, Fuzzy MRAC is made. There is always a compromise of the cost and complexity. So this paper presents a new approach and its dynamic response in comparison to the Fuzzy PI and Fuzzy MRAC. The proposed controller is Fuzzy PI with scaling factors. This approach is validated with the Speed, torque responses of Indirect vector controlled Induction motor (IVCIM) drive.
Performance Analysis For Reaction Turbine – A Case StudyIJERA Editor
Performance test on a model of a Francis turbine has been carried out in the laboratory for various gate opening of the turbine. The parameters have been expressed in the term of unit quantities. The result show that the peak efficiency lies between 76% and 88% of the full load. The maximum efficiency and power obtained at Nu =362, whereas maximum efficiency obtained is 74% at 95% wicket gate opening, Predicted result based on the modal study for a prototype obtained is within the specified limit.
Evaluation of IEEE 57 Bus System for Optimal Power Flow AnalysisIJERA Editor
The analysis of load flow in a network under steady state operation is challenging task especially subjected to
inequality constraints in which the system operates. No doubt, that the load flow system analysis is an important
aspect for power system analysis and design. The basic analysis technique for power flow is to find different
parameters including magnitude and phase angle of voltage at each bus with active and reactive power flows in
each transmission lines. Thus, load flow analysis is important numerical analysis for any power system. In this
regard, this experiment is studied to evaluate IEEE 57 bus system for optimal flow analysis.
A Comparative Study of Group Key Management in MANETIJERA Editor
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self organized network, with no fixed infrastructure, limited
resources and limited physical security. Security in such an environment is an essential requirement. Key
management is a salient element in MANET security. It is responsible for key generation, storage, distribution,
updating, revocation, deleting, and archiving. Key management protocols are classified into symmetric,
asymmetric, group, and hybrid. Group key management is a point of interest for researchers with the growing
usage of mobile devices and the rising of multicast communication. This paper surveys different approaches in
group key management schemes. A comparative study is demonstrated in terms of reliability, computational
complexity, storage cost, communication overheads, pre-requirements, security levels, robustness,
vulnerabilities, scalability, energy and mobility. Finally, the study concludes the pros and cons of each protocol.
An Automated Input Data Management Approach for Discrete Event Simulation App...IJERA Editor
Slipforming operation’s linearity is a source of planning complications, and operation is usually subjected to bottlenecks at any point, so careful planning is required in order to achieve success. On the other hand, Discrete-event simulation concepts can be applied to simulate and analyze construction operations and to efficiently support construction scheduling. Nevertheless, preparation of input data for construction simulation is very challenging, time consuming and human prone-error source. Therefore, to enhance the benefits of using DES in construction scheduling, this study proposes an integrated module to establish a framework for automating the generation of time schedules and decision support for Slipform construction projects, particularly through the project feasibility study phase by using data exchange between project data stored in an Intermediate database, DES and Scheduling software. Using the stored information, proposed system creates construction tasks attribute [e.g. activities durations, material quantities and resources amount], then DES uses all the given information to create a proposal for the construction schedule automatically. This research is considered a demonstration of a flexible Slipform project modeling, rapid scenario-based planning and schedule generation approach that may be of interest to both practitioners and researchers.
Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust PowderIJERA Editor
The waste generated from the industries cause environmental problems. Hence the reuse of this waste material
can be emphasized. MarbleDust Powder (MDP) is a developing composite materialthatwillallow the
concrèteindustry to optimisemateriel use, generateeconomicbenefits and build structures thatwillstrong, durable
and sensitive to environnement. MDP is by-product obtained during the quarrying process from the parent
marble rock; which contains high calcium oxide content of more than 50%. The potential use of MDP can be an
ideal choice for substituting in a cementitious binder as the reactivity efficiency increases due to the presence of
lime. In this research work, the waste MDP passing through 90 microns,has used for investigating of hardened
concrete properties. Furthermore, the effect of different percentage replacement of MDP on the compressive
strength, splitting tensile strength (indirect tensile strength)&flexural strength has been observed. Inthis
experimental study, the effect of MDP in concrete on strength ispresented. Five concrete mixtures containing
0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% MDP as cement replacement by weightbasis has been prepared. Water/cement ratio
(0.43) was kept constant, in all the concretemixes. Compressive strength, split tensile strength & flexural
strength of the concrete mixtures has been obtainedat 7 and 28 days. The results of the laboratory work showed
thatreplacement of cement with MDP increase, upto 10% for compressive strength,&upto 15% for split
tensilestrength &flexural strength of concrete.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Kabuli Chickpea (Cic...Premier Publishers
The present study was carried out to assess the extent of genetic variability among yield and yield related traits in selected kabuli chickpea genotypes. Forty-nine kabuli chickpea genotypes were studied for thirteen traits at Debre Zeit and Akaki using 7x7 simple lattice design in 2018 cropping season. Combined analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference among genotypes for all traits studied, indicating the presence of considerable amount of variability among genotypes. High Phenotypic coefficients of variation and moderate genotypic coefficients of variation value were shown for number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant, respectively, indicating the possibility of genetic improvement in selection of these traits. High broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance were obtained for hundred-seed weight (91.88 and 23.81), number of pods per plant (68.07 and 28.13), number of secondary branches (80.92 and 27.80), number of seeds per plant (67.86 and 31.840), grain yield (62.33 and 24.42) and harvest index (75.70 and 28.17), respectively. This indicates that these characters could be improved easily through selection.
STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND YIELD ATRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN INDIGENOUS RICE (OR...Vipin Pandey
The present study was carried out to study ninety four rice accessions, along with checks, on the basis of sixteen
qualitative and twenty quantitative characters. Analysis of variance for quantitative characters showed differences for
different characters. High coefficient of variation in the entire genotypes was observed for grain yield per plant (27.4 %),
number of effective tillers per plant (22.37 %), test weight (21.14 %) and kernel length breadth ratio (20.59 %).
Correlation analysis revealed positive and highly significant correlation of total number of filled grains per panicle, total
number of grains per panicle, plant height and number of effective tiller per plant; harvest index, test weight, flag leaf
length and days to maturity had positive highly significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Principal Component
Analysis revealed, out of 20, only seven principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 eigen value, and showed
about 77.42 % variability among the traits studied. So, these 7 PCs were given due importance for further explanation.
Component matrix revealed that the PC1 was mostly related to quality characters while PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6 and
PC7 mostly associated with yield related traits. Cluster analysis performed by UPGMA method using Euclidean distance
as dissimilarity measure divided the 97 genotypes of rice into ten clusters. The cluster III constituted of 48 genotypes,
forming the largest cluster followed by cluster VI (22 genotypes), cluster V (10 genotypes), cluster II (5 genotypes) and
cluster VIII (4 genotypes), cluster I, IV and VII (two genotypes each), cluster IX and X had (only one genotypes each).
Quality analysis performed for 97 rice genotypes revealed wide range of genetic variability for most of the quality traits.
Topic- Genetic Variability and Stability Analysis in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
PRESENTED
BY
CHIRANJEEV
Id. No. – 4213, M. Sc. (Ag.)
In the presence of External examiner and Members of Advisory Committee
Venue: Seminar class room
On date: 27/10/2020
DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY MEERUT-250110 (U.P.) India
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.1
ABSTRACT- Genetic variability studied for eleven characters viz., number of leaves, branches, clusters, pods, pod
length (cm), seed per plant, plant height (cm), 100 seed weight (g), days to flower, maturity and yield per plant (g) in
group of forty two genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) revealed highly significant difference for all the
characters. High heritability not only guideline for breeding improvement must to associated with genetic advance
expressed a wide range of variability for all the traits. Heritability estimated and expected genetic advance were high
for number of leaves (95.46< 97.00), branches (45.85 > 14.00), clusters (89.45< 92.00), pods (92.84< 99.00), pod length
(88.94< 99.00), seeds per plant (92.20> 32.00), plant height (96.41< 106.00), 100 seed weight (99.22> 72.00), days to
flower (94.82 > 32.00), maturity (56.26> 13.00) and yield per plant (80.13 < 140.00) suggesting that these are more
useful traits for varietal improvement programme.
Key-words- French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Genetic Variability, Heritability, Phenotypic coefficient of variation,
Genotypic coefficient of variation
Genetic Analysis to Improve Grain Yield Potential and Associated Agronomic Tr...Galal Anis, PhD
Grain yield of rice is a complex trait consisting of several yield parameters. It is of
great necessary to reveal the genetic relationships between GY and its yield components. Therefore,
the correlation of agronomic traits contributed of grain yield will be a supplemental advantage in
providing the selection process. The objective of this study was to compare genetic variability and
relationships between nine rice genotypes and their F1 progenies in rice by assessment of heterosis,
yield advantage and correlation coefficient for grain yield improvement. A field experiment were
conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the growing seasons of
2012 and 2013 at Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Egypt. Heterosis and correlation
coefficient of various agro-morphological and yield traits were studied by using nine-parent diallel
mating design. The results showed that grain yield was highly significant positive heterosis over
standard heterosis and the highest value was 79.68 for the cross Sakha 101 x Giza 171 and the lowest
value was 32.86 for the cross Sakha 104 x HR5824-B-3-2-3. At the same time, fifteen crosses were
highly significant and positive heterosis over mid-parent, the highest cross was Giza 177 x Sakha
104 with value 32.74 and the lowest cross was Sakha 101 x Sakha 104 with value 19.56 for grain
yield. Significant positive correlation coefficients were observed between grain yield and each of
days to maturing, panicle initiation and number of primary branches panicle-1. Pay special attention
to the cross from Sakha 101 x Giza 171 and as well as Giza 177 x Sakha 104 was achieved the best
grain yield trait. These promising cross would be more valuable materials for breeders engaged in the
development of high yielding cultivars.
Genetic control and heterosis depend directly on genetic divergence among the parents in generating promising hybrids
required by plant breeders. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of heterosis, combining
abilities, regression and correlation estimates in order to develop hybrid cultivars in maize. The 28 F1 hybrids obtained by
partial diallel cross of 8 inbreds in a randomized complete block design were evaluated at the Lower Niger River Basin
Authority, Oke-Oyi, Nigeria in three years. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) produced significant (P
< 0.01) effects for all the characters, while non-additive genetic effects were predominant. The levels of heterosis for grain
yield varied widely among crosses, ranging from -16.83 to 9.76%. Positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic
correlations among grain yield and some related characters (days to anthesis and silking; plant and ear heights; number of
ears plant-1 and 1000 seed weight) showed that each character could be used indirectly to selection of grain yield. These
results also indicated that SCA was more effective than heterosis for describing hybrid performance. The regression of
actual hybrid characters on the expected hybrid characters, based on parental GCA values, was highly significant.
Regression analysis also showed that all the agronomic characters jointly contributed 19.4% to grain yield of maize. The
inbreds (Pop 66 SR and 2000 EV DT-Y STRC4) and crosses (Pop 66 SR x, 2000 EV DT-Y STRC4, Pop 66 SR x KU1409
and 9006 x KU1409) featured prominently with respect to better GCA × Year and SCA × Year effects with high heterotic
values for maize grain yield and associated characters. These inbreds could serve as donors to obtain early and short
statured hybrids with higher yield, while the crosses may be exploited and adapted to the Nigerian Savannas. This study
also affirmed that genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients as well as combining abilities, heterosis and regression
analyses were found to be suitable models for yield improvement in maize breeding.
Estimation of genetic parameters and selection of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L...Innspub Net
The purpose of this study was to obtain information about genetic parameters of agronomic characters of sorghum lines developed by Single Seed Descent as information for yield improvement through selection. The research was conducted from July to October 2014 in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia with an altitude of ± 240 m above sea level and a temperature of 27°C. The genetic materials used consisted of 201 RILs F5, and Numbu, Samurai-1, and Samurai-2 (national varieties), and a mutant B69 as check varieties. The experimental design used was augmented design. The results showed that the RILs F5 significantly different in the characters of seed filling period, plant height, leaf number, panicle length, circumference panicle, panicle weight, and grain weight panicle-1. High broad sense heritability values and broad genetic diversity were observed in the character of the seed filling period, plant height, leaf number, panicle length, circumference panicle, panicle weight and grain weight panicle-1. There were RILs F5 which have higher yield than the two parents and are uniform with lower within line variance. Selection was conducted based on grain weight panicle-1 increased 35.3% yield, but at the same time increased plant height by 5%. Simultaneous selection by grain weight panicle-1 and plant height increased yield by 21% and reduced plant height by -6.9%. This gives the opportunity to obtain shorter high yielding varieties.
“Evaluation of aromatic short grain rice cultivars and elite lines for yield ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Comparative potential on yield and its related characters in fine riceInnspub Net
A total of twenty fine grain rice cultivars including fifteen land races, three developed (Paijam, BR-49 and BR34) and two exotic (Philippine katari and Ranjit) varieties were collected from different parts of Bangladesh to identify the yield enhancing characters and to select desirable cultivars with high yield potential and high aroma emission from rice grain. The experiments were conducted in Aman season in 2013, in the Plant Breeding Research Field, HSTU, Dinajpur. Genetic variation for yield (t/ha) and other fourteen yield related characters like, plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), panicle weight (gm), total tillers/plant, productive tillers/plant, rachilla/panicle, sterile grain/panicle, total grain/panicle, 1000-grain weight (g), grain length (mm), grain breadth (mm), aroma content (%), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity was estimated. All the characters showed high heritability except sterile grain/panicle, indicated better progress under selection. High heritability (98.65%) was revealed by productive tillers/plant, suggested that the character would be less affected by environment. The cultivar, Ranjit produced the highest yield (4.96 t/h).The highest aroma contents in Kalozira (35%) and Kalosoru (30%) was estimated. The highest yield (4.96 t/h) was obtained from Ranjit and it was statistcally similar with the yields of Bolder (4.68 t/h), Malsira (4.25 t/h), Kalozira (4.33 t/h), BR-49 (4.26 t/h). The simultaneous consideration of yield potential and aroma emission from
rice grain, four cultivars viz. Kalozira, Radhunipagol, Badshabogh and Chinigura may be advanced for commercial cultivation by the farmers and agriculture entrepreneurs and may be incorporated in further breeding for the development of high yielding fine rice varieties but the highest amount of aroma emission (35%) and yield (4.33 t/h) indicated that Kalozira was the best aromatic rice cultivar. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Analysis of Yield Factors in Earliness Related Traits and Yield in Pigeonpeaijtsrd
Pigeonpea productivity is greatly constrained by poor plant ideotype of existing Indian cultivars. Enhancing pigeonpea yield demands a renewed focus on restructuring the ideal plant type by using more efficient approaches like genomic tools. Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. belongs to the tribe Phaseoleae in the family Leguminosae .Although conventional breeding in pigeonpea has delivered a range of cultivars catering to the demand of wider farming community, remodeling of plant type through deploying modern genomic tools has not yet been started . VB Singh | SS Kashyap | AK Singh "Analysis of Yield Factors in Earliness Related Traits and Yield in Pigeonpea" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42489.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/42489/analysis-of-yield-factors-in-earliness-related-traits-and-yield-in-pigeonpea/vb-singh
Genetic parameter estimates and diversity studies of upland rice (Oryza sativ...Innspub Net
Dearth of well-articulated information on genetic parameter estimates and diversity of upland rice limits the genetic improvement of rice. This study assessed the genetic parameter estimates and genetic diversity among 40 rice accessions using 26 agro-morphological traits. The trial was conducted in 2020 at the Njala University experimental site using 5 × 8 triple lattice design. The agro-morphological traits were analyzed using various multivariate and genetic parameter estimate techniques. Classification based on qualitative and quantitative traits grouped the germplasm into ten and five distinct clusters, respectively. Genotypes Buttercup-ABC, Buttercup-RARC, Jewulay, NERICA L4, Ndomawai, Sewulie and Painipainie produced earliest days to heading (81.8–97.2 days) and maturity (111.2 – 120.7 days). Genotypes Jasmine (3.036 t.ha-1), Rok 34 (3.238 t.ha-1) and Parmoi (2.663 t.ha-1) exhibited the highest grain yields. Principal component analysis (PCA) of qualitative traits exhibited four principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues > 1.0 and cumulative variation of 68.04%, whilst the PCA of quantitative traits had five PCs accounting for 81.73% of the total genetic variation. The findings indicate the presence of enough variability that could be exploited for the genetic improvement of rice varieties and the studied traits can be used for selection. Leaf blade length and width, culm diameter at basal internode, culm length, days to 50% heading, flag leaf girth, panicle number per plant, grain yield, and 100 grain weight had high heritability and genetic advance indicating the presence of additive gene action. Findings are relevant for conservation, management, short term recommendation for release and genetic improvement of rice.
Genetic parameter estimates and diversity studies of upland rice (Oryza sativ...Open Access Research Paper
Dearth of well-articulated information on genetic parameter estimates and diversity of upland rice limits the genetic improvement of rice. This study assessed the genetic parameter estimates and genetic diversity among 40 rice accessions using 26 agro-morphological traits. The trial was conducted in 2020 at the Njala University experimental site using 5 × 8 triple lattice design. The agro-morphological traits were analyzed using various multivariate and genetic parameter estimate techniques. Classification based on qualitative and quantitative traits grouped the germplasm into ten and five distinct clusters, respectively. Genotypes Buttercup-ABC, Buttercup-RARC, Jewulay, NERICA L4, Ndomawai, Sewulie and Painipainie produced earliest days to heading (81.8–97.2 days) and maturity (111.2 – 120.7 days). Genotypes Jasmine (3.036 t.ha-1), Rok 34 (3.238 t.ha-1) and Parmoi (2.663 t.ha-1) exhibited the highest grain yields. Principal component analysis (PCA) of qualitative traits exhibited four principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues > 1.0 and cumulative variation of 68.04%, whilst the PCA of quantitative traits had five PCs accounting for 81.73% of the total genetic variation. The findings indicate the presence of enough variability that could be exploited for the genetic improvement of rice varieties and the studied traits can be used for selection. Leaf blade length and width, culm diameter at basal internode, culm length, days to 50% heading, flag leaf girth, panicle number per plant, grain yield, and 100 grain weight had high heritability and genetic advance indicating the presence of additive gene action. Findings are relevant for conservation, management, short term recommendation for release and genetic improvement of rice.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Variability, heritability and genetic advance analysis for grain yield in rice
1. Girish Chandra Tiwari Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 7, (Part - 4) July 2015, pp.46-49
www.ijera.com 46 | P a g e
Variability, heritability and genetic advance analysis for grain
yield in rice
Girish Chandra Tiwari
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, PND Agriculture College, Gajsinghpur District-Sri Ganganagar
(Rajasthan) India-335024
ABSTRACT
Ten diverse genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were crossed in a diallel fashion to study variability , heritability
and genetic advance for 12 quantitative characters . A considerable amount of variability (gcv) varied from 5.95
for no. of leaves per tiller to 17.40 for grain yield per plant and the estimates of pcv varied from 7.08 for days to
50% flowering to 17.49 for grain yield per plant. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.721 for total
biological yield per plant to 1.000 for plant height . Since the heritability in broad sense was estimated ,
therefore . other parameters should also be considered for selecting the genotypes. The genetic advance varied
from 0.71 for no. of leaves per tiller to 46.23 for no. of spikelets per panicle. High estimates of genetic advance
was reported for plant height , days to maturity , days to 50% flowering and total biological yield per plant .
However, high heritability estimates was associated with high predicted genetic advance for plant height , days
to maturity ,days to 50% flowering and no. of spikelets per panicle. The situation is encouraging since selection
based on these characters being of additive in nature , is likely to be more effective for their improvement. As
such phenotypic selection for those traits is likely to be more effective for their improvement. The estimates of
phenotypic coefficient of variation were higher than those of genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits
except plant height. High estimates of heritability and genetic advance were obtained for plant height , number
of spikelets per panicle , days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity . These traits were mostly governed
by additive gene action. And these characters are important for the breeder to construct selection indices.
Key words: Diallel fashion, Variability, Heritability, Genetic advance
I. INTRODUCTION
Variation is the basis of plant breeding. Thus the
success of any improvement programme will largely
depend on the magnitude and range of variability in
the available genetic stocks. To increase productivity
and to bridge the gap between national average and
the potential available. Under the present
investigation a set of ten (10) genetic diverse stock of
rice was assessed for twelve quantitative characters
of economic importance to generate more basic
information on the nature of genetic variability which
will be great use to scientists in rice improvement
work . A quantitative assessment of available
germplasms for various yield and yield determining
traits like numbers of tillers , number of grains per
panicle , days to maturity , dry matter production ,
harvest index , etc. and their association with yield
as well as among themselves is the basic necessity for
a successful execution of any varietal improvement
programme.
The genetic variability and combining ability
provides the basis in selecting the suitable genotypes
in any breeding programme(Tiwari and Jatav 2014).
The effectiveness of selection depends on the
magnitude of heritability for the traits being selected.
The knowledge of heritability enables the breeder to
predict the genetic gain under selection which will
assist the breeder to formulate the suitable breeding
methodology. Heritability and genetic advance are
two selection parameters which were also estimated
during the course of present investigation.
Heritability estimates along with genetic advance are
normally more helpful in predicting the gain under
selection than heritability estimates alone. However,
it is not necessary that a character showing high
heritability will also exhibit high genetic advance
(Johnson, et. al. 1955). Heritability is a good index of
the transmission of character from parents to their
offspring (Falconer, 1981). The estimates of
heritability help the plant breeder in selection of elite
genotypes from diverse genetic populations.
Genetic advance is the measure of genetic gain under
selection. The success of genetic advance under
selection depends on genetic variability, heritability
and selection intensity.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten diverse parental line viz.( i )Basmati 370 (ii)
Dular( iii )Govind( iv) H.U.R.52 (v ) U.P.R. 79 (vi)
I.R. 50(vii) Jaya (viii) Ratna (ix) Saket -4( x )Pusa
150 were crossed in all possible combinations to
produce 45 F1 s ( excluding reciprocals) during the
rainy season of year 1996 . In the next season , that is
, in rainy season of 1997, F1 plants along with their
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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parents were grown in a randomized block design
with three replications at Research Farm of the
Department of Agricultural Botany Kisan (Post
Graduate) College Simbhaoli, Ghaziabad, UP India.
F1s and parents were planted in a single and three
rows respectively of 4 meter length. Obviously , there
were 45 rows of F1s and 30 rows of parental lines so,
there were 75 rows in each replication. All together,
there are overall 225 rows in the entire experiment.
The row spacing was maintained at 20 cm and plant
to plant 15 cm . During transplanting single seedling
were planted per hill for recording observations on 12
quantitative characters viz., days to 50 % flowering ,
days to maturity, plant height , number of leaves per
tiller, number of spikelets per panicle , panicle length
, panicle number per plant , 1000 grain weight , grain
yield per plant , straw yield per plant , total biological
yield per plant and harvest index .
Variance as given by Panse and Sukhatme
(1967). The genetic parameters were calculated as :
MSt- MSe
g=------------------
r
where MSt= mean squares due to treatment
MSe=mean squares due to error
r=number of replications
and ²p=
where ,
²p=estimates of phenotypic variance
= estimates of genotypic variance
and =estimates of error variance
Phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) and
genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) were
calculated using the formulae suggested by Burton
(1952).
PCV=-------------------------------X100
-
X
GCV=-------------------------------X100
-
X
X=is the mean of the character .
Heritability (h²) in broad sense was calculated
according to Burton( 1952).
h²= p
The customary symbol h² stands for the
heritability it self and not for its square. The symbol
derives from Wright (1921) terminology, where h²
stands for the corresponding ratio of standard
deviation.
The expected genetic advance at 5% intensity of
selecting defferential was calculated for each
character by following the formula .
GA= K.
Where
K= constant value of selection intensity e.g. 2.06 at
5% selection intensity Lush (1949).
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The 55 genotypes of rice exhibited highly
significant differences for all the 12 characters
(depicted in Table 1) indicating the presence of
genetic variability among the genotypes studied
during the course of present investigation.
The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of
variation (pcv) ranged from (7.08) for days to 50%
flowering to (17.49) for grain yield per plant.The
other characters which had high phenotypic
coefficient of variation (pcv) were plant hight
(17.12),panicle number per plant (14.21),total
biological yield (13.37),panicles number per plant
(14.21) and number of spicletes per panicle (13.52).
Similarly the genotypic coefficient of variation
(gcv)ranged from (5.95) for number of leaves per
tiller to (17.40) for grain yield per plant . The other
characters which showed high genotypic coefficients
of variation were plant height (17.12),panicle number
per plant (14.20),number of spikelets per panicle
(12.87),straw yield per plant (11.89) and total
biological yield (11.35).It was also revealed from the
Table 2 that the estimates of phenotypic coefficient
of variation were slightly higher than the genotypic
coefficient of variation for all the characters exept
plant height virtually both genotypic coefficient of
variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation
were found equal ,that is (17.12)during the present
study.
The heritability was also estimated for all the 12
characters. The estimate of heritability was highest
for plant height (1.000), while, the lowest estimate of
heritability was observed for total biological yield
(0.721). Obviously, it is observed that most of the
characters had high estimates of heritability.
The highest estimates of genetic advance was
reported for number of spikelets per panicle (46.23),
whereas it was lowest for number of leaves per tiller
(0.71).The other characters which showed high to
moderate estimates of genetic advance were days to
maturity (19.32), plant height (41.5), days to 50%
flowering (14.18), total biological yield per plant
(8.50) and harvest index (8.33).
Analysis of variance indicated that means sum
of squares for all the characters were highly
significant (table1) , indicating, thereby , that
varieties differ among for all the characters during
the present study similar results were also reported by
Singh et. al. 1980. The estimates of phenotypic
coefficient of variation were higher than those of
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genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits
except plant height, which was also reported earlier
by Lal et. al., (1983), Singh et. al. (1986) and
Sundaram et. al., (1988).
The data on different characters along with the
estimates on variability indicating genotypic
coefficient of variation(GCV) and phenotypic
coefficient of variation(PCV) , heritability ,genetic
advance as per cent mean are presented (table 2).
In this study, high estimates of heritability and
genetic advance were obtained for plant height and
number of spikelets per panicle, which supports the
results of.Similar observations were reported for
plant height by Singh et. al. (1986) and Kaul and
Kumar (1982) and grains per panicle by
(Paramasivam, 1980 and Shamsuddin, 1982).
Plant height and number of spikelets per panicle
recorded high heritability in broad sense coupled with
high genetic advance. This indicated that, the
environmental effect was low on these characters
and these traits were mostly governed by additive
gene action, therefore, these traits offers an ample
scope for further improvement by excecising
selection . Similar results were reported by (Das and
Borthakur, 1974 and Chaudhary et. al. 1973).
High heritability coupled with high genetic advance
was also recorded for days to 50% flowering and
days to maturity. Hence there is ample scope of
improvement for these traits as well through selection
. These results are in conformity with earlier findings
(Unnikrishnan, 1980). High heritability coupled with
low genetic advances was recorded for harvest index.
This indicate that both additive and non- additive
gene actions are involved in controlling harvest index
and, hence, this traits offers little scope for
improvement by selection . Similar results was
reported by earlier workers (Vijay Kumar, 1990 and
Minidas 1990).
Among all the characters, plant height, number of
spikelets per panicle, days to maturity and days to
50% flowering recorded high heritability as well as
moderate to high genetic advance. These characters
are important for the breeder to construct selection
indices. According, the heritability estimates in
combination with genetic advance were more useful
than heritability alone for predicting the resultant
effect of selection in a segregating population. Thus,
in the present case selection based on plant height,
number of spikelets per panicle, days to maturity and
days to 50% flowring will be more effective. Maurya
(1976) and Chaudhray et. al. (1980) also observed
that selection based on spikelets, panicle weight and
test weight is more effective.
TABLE - 1: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 12 quantitative characters (involving 55 genotypes) in
rice.
Sourc
e of
Varia
tion
D.F. Mean Sum of Squares
Days
to
50%
flower
ing
Days
to
maturi
ty
Plant
height
(cm.)
Numbe
r of
leaves
per
tiller
Number
of
spikelet
s per
panicle
Panicle
length
(cm.)
Panic
le
numb
er per
plant
1000
grain
weight
(gm.)
Grai
n
yield
per
plant
(gm.)
Stra
w
yield
per
plant
(gm.)
Total
biolo
gical
per
plant
(gm.)
Harve
st
index
Repli
cation
2 0.500 1.000 0.375 0.0456 2.7500 0.0312 0.00
39
0.0039 0.1250 0.04
29
0.1250 0.56
25
Treat
ment
54 143.64
3**
268.2
14**
1197.5
09**
0.5512
**
1726.5
833**
21.46
60**
7.83
49**
9.7138
**
25.87
77**
29.71
91**
79.96
89
51.755
8**
Error 108 0.380 1.080 0.0902 0.0597 57.953
7
0.013
0
0.004
6
0.0523 0.089
6
0.05
73
9.118
5
0.68
55
** Significant at 1% level of probability.
TABLE - 2: Estimates of coefficient of variation, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations,
heritability and genetic advance for 12 metric characters in rice.
S.No. CHARACTER CV GCV PCV h2
GA GA (% mean)
1 Days to 50% flowering 0.6301 7.06 7.08 0.992 14.18 14.47
2 Days to maturity 0.8405 7.53 7.58 0.988 19.32 15.43
3 Plant height (cm.) 0.2575 17.12 17.12 1.000 41.15 35.27
4 Number of leaves per tiller 4.8008 5.95 9.29 0.733 0.71 13.95
5 Number of spikelets per panicle 4.1546 12.87 13.52 0.906 46.23 25.23
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6 Panicle length (cm.) 0.4268 9.97 9.98 0.998 5.50 20.52
7 Panicle number per plant 0.600 14.20 14.21 0.998 3.33 29.27
8 1000 grain weight (gm.) 0.9808 7.69 7.76 0.984 3.67 15.73
9 Grain yield per plant (gm.) 1.7769 17.40 17.49 0.990 6.01 35.66
10 Straw yield per plant (gm.) 0.9051 11.89 11.92 0.994 6.46 24.42
11 Total biological yield per plant (gm.) 7.0540 11.35 13.37 0.721 8.50 19.86
12 Harvest index 2.1290 10.61 10.82 0.961 8.33 21.42
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