DIMTS has implemented an integrated IT system to modernize and manage bus services in Delhi. Key components include: 1. An Operations Control Center uses an automatic vehicle location system and electronic ticketing to monitor bus locations, schedules, and fare collection in real time. 2. A bus management system integrates data from various subsystems for fleet management, revenue tracking, driver performance monitoring, and billing. 3. Data analytics tools analyze ridership patterns, bus schedules, and driver behavior to improve efficiency and service quality. 4. Mobile apps and bus stop displays provide real-time transit information to riders. The system aims to increase transparency, optimize operations, and enhance the passenger experience through

1. Talking Transit: Use of Information Technology
(IT) in Modernizing City Bus Services
Presentation on
ITS Implementation in Public Transport Companies-
Delhi Cluster Bus Experience
C K Goyal, Associate Vice President
Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit
System Limited (DIMTS)

2. What is Cluster Scheme-Formation of Route Clusters
• With the objective of citywide operationalization, 657 scheduled
routes were grouped under 17 distinct clusters based on following
criteria:-
o Routes with 10 km or more of common path put in one cluster
o Routes on contiguous alignment to provide network benefits.
• Each cluster has a combination of high, medium and low demand
routes (the idea being that the high demand route can generate
enough revenue to compensate for the medium and low demand
routes)
• Identified clusters published on DoT website for suggestions/objections
• Based on responses, proposed clusters revised and notified

3. Characteristics of the Corporatization of Private Stage
Carriage Scheme
Public Operator (DTC) and Private Operator (Concessionaire) will
run the operation in the ratio of 50:50.
Resource contract with Ops risk
No transfer of revenue risk
Fare Box Collection to Govt.
Payments
to
Concessionaire
FareBox
Collection
Funding
Key Facts
Contract Type – Gross
Cost
Unified Time Table
(UTT)
Public and Private operators will follow Unified Time Table to ensure timely
and reliable bus service to public on common network and notified fare.
3
Conforms to
Bus Code,
Rolling stock is
investment
intensive.
Doesn’t
Conform to Bus
Code,
Compromised
Safety, less
expensive

4. Responsibility of State Govt. towards management of stage
carriage operation during contract period
4
Monitoring of trip-wise service kms,
service hours and other service
level parameters with a lot of
PRECISION and authentication of
service kms. and service hours of
operation of each trip
Monitoring departure of buses from
the depot/terminal as per Service
Plan .Incident/Accident
Management.
Realtime passenger Information
System about route and time
table, ETA, seat availability etc.
Inspection of buses for
COMPLIANCE of standards &
technical specifications
Ensure compliance of the
performance standards, apply
performance adjustments on the
Concessionaire
REAL-TIME monitoring of operation
of buses on each route for various
operational parameters:
→ Bunching of buses of the same
route plying in the same direction.
→ Route deviation
Driver empanelment &
quality/performance Monitoring.
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING of
Service Plan including timetable, its
periodic review based on travel-
time analysis & traffic conditions in
order to make route-timings
RESPONSIVE to passenger
demand.
To manage Govt. receipts/
expenditure through designated
account including payment to the
concessionaire(s) in terms of
concession agreement.

5. The need is now being felt – more than ever!
When will the
bus arrive?
Which bus
should I take
to reach my
destination?
When should
I reach the
bus stop?
Is the next
stop my
destination?
Maybe I
should try a
different mode
next time!
To effectively
monitor the
operations
- Over-speeding,
route deviations,
missed bus stops?
Validation of
service trips with
audit trail
How do we improve
ridership?

6. Implementing ITS in Bus Operations
– From Theory to Practice
DIMTS Experience…
Real-time Vehicle Tracking Real-time Electronic Ticketing Operations Control Center

7. Fleet Operations Management-
Essential Components
• Operations Control Centre (OCC) with ITS capability.
• GPS-based REALTIME Automatic Vehicle Location System (AVLS)
with Passenger Information System enabling performance monitoring
including speed limits, dwell-time at stops, route deviation and
management of bunching of buses of the same routes.
• Online Electronic Ticketing Machines have replaced pre-printed
tickets. Ticketing data transmitted to back-end in real-time enabling
efficient consolidation, monitoring, and data-bank for improved and
appropriate provisioning to meet travel demands.
• Bus Management System (BMS) is a collective term which will include
a web based enterprise level solution and MIS application linked with
reconciliation of daily receipts and validation of legitimate payments to
service provider.

8. DIMTS has a state-of-the-
art Operations Control
Centre & Data Center at
ISBT, Delhi for efficient
management of Public
Service Vehicles.
Real time monitoring of the
Cluster Bus VTS and AFCS
Operations Control Centre (OCC) of DIMTS at ISBT
Universal Backbone
Interoperable
Vendor
Neutral
Device
Agnostic
Scalable

9. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System
GPS based Realtime Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System has been deployed on all the
buses. System is being used to monitor operations of the fleet with high precision to optimize
fleet efficiency.
Alerts: Dashboard manages alerts and
responds to deviation/violations
• Over-speeding reports
• Bunching of buses on same route
• Missed stops reports
• Route deviation reports
• Trip status reports (Cut/Short/Missed)
• Trip-wise Distance travelled by each bus
• Depot, vehicle and route wise reports

10. Solution in action- At a Glance
• AVL Application
− Tracking on GIS maps @ 1:2000 scale
− Route wise tracking and vehicle running
information
− Monitor out shedding and route deviation of the
fleet.
− Assign vehicles to groups for easy monitoring
• Senior management Dashboard:
− Complete fleet management and current status
dashboard for the senior management and
department .
• MIS reports :
− Various graphical reports on vehicle utilization,
schedule adherence etc.
− Alerts dashboard to manage alerts, and respond to
deviation violations)
− Vehicle operation statistics and key performance
parameters like utilization, on time performance
reports.
− Exceptional Reporting

11. Solution Detailed Features: Reports
• Alerts/notification reports:
Alerts dashboard to manage alerts, and
respond to deviation violations)
− Over Speeds reports
− Route Deviation
− Trip Status( Cut/Short/Missed)
• Performance Reports:
Vehicle operation statistics and key
performance parameters like utilization, on
time performance reports.
− Fleet Utilization report
− Distance Travelled report.
− Duty performance report
− Travel time analysis
− Delayed departures
− Early departures
Vehicle Speed Graph
Missed Stops

12. AVLS Application- Challenges and Solutions
• Bus stop detection…..
Push the bus stop lat, long in device over the air and device send an additional LU to
backend when vehicle pierce the bus stop lat long.
• In shed and Out shed detection…
Push the geo-fence of depot gate in device: device send the alert LU packet to backend
when vehicles pierce the gate.
• Distance calculation(initially it was computed scalar distance between to LU and sum up
them)
Now, Configured device to send cumulative ODO distance to back end with each LU
packet, Now, this distance is being used for computing the distance in AVL for example trip
distance.
• Device health/tempering monitoring
Power disconnect and GPS outage live alerts are being displayed on home page.
• Route deviation Authorization:
User could authorize a route deviation with location, date and time
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13. DIMTS has deployed New Generation
Electronic Ticketing Machines (ETMs)
• Real Time data transfer through GPRS
− Real time monitoring of ETM Health
− Real time fraud detection
− Theft of ETM – No loss of transaction
− Remote ETM Blocking
• Over the air configuration of new routes,
changes to routes, software updates
• Any ETM can be deployed on any route, can
be issued to any conductor
• Contactless Smart Card Enabled
• EMV Level 1 & 2 PCI certified. With 3 SAM
slots
• Security Feature-3DES and AES for smart
card
• 1800 mAH, Li-ion Battery
Automated Fare Collection System (AFCS)

14. Innovative Features of DIMTS ETM Solution
• Completely online, real-time solution
• ETMs have data of all routes, fare-stages, conductors and all business
rules - ANY ETM CAN BE DEPLOYED ON ANY ROUTE, CAN BE
ISSUED TO ANY CONDUCTOR
• No need for configuration of ETMs before issue - NO DEPENDENCY
ON COMPUTER AND OPERATOR IN DEPOT IN 3 SHIFTS
• The transaction data is downloaded through GPRS in real-time mode –
REAL TIME REVENUE REPORTS

15. ETM based AFCS Application- Challenges and Solutions
• Errant conductors removing the battery while the ticket is being dispensed and
pocket the ticket money.
Solution: The ETM started to dispense the ticket in one command and register the ticket
only after the ticket is completely dispensed.
• Errant conductors fraudulently giving tickets of lower denomination by selecting
“Child” as user type (Child commuters are given discounted tickets).
Solution: The ETM portal checks if the ticketing pattern on a trip deviates from a pre –
defined pattern then it raises alarm.
• ENTER key remaining pressed in by the ETM case (when conductor leave the ETM
at the ticket dispensing screen) and tickets being dispensed. This was possible
because ticket can be dispensed with a minimum keystrokes (1) and result in multiple
tickets dispensed though printout does not happen as the tickets does not move out.
Solution: Monitor the speed of dispensing tickets and preventing it if exceeds the human
speed of dispensing tickets.
• ETMs being stolen from the field and then errant conductors do shifts on the stolen
ETMs and pocket the revenue.
• Solution: ETM can be blocked over –the – air. If the ETM is out of network then only a
limited number of tickets can only be dispensed from such ETMs. If there are 1000 un-
send frames (including ticket, shift, trip, battery status, etc), then ETM would not allow any
more transaction. Thus actual exposure would be much less than 1000 tickets.
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16. Bus Management System (BMS) has been developed inhouse – creating
a backend in a single application for integration of all the sub-systems of
cluster operation, such as AVLS, AFCS, Waybill Submission, Biometric
verification, infraction monitoring, DQM(Driver Quality Monitoring) etc.
Billing Process is done based on these inputs.
Bus Management System– Comprehensive IT Backbone

17. Bus Management System – Comprehensive IT Backbone
In-house Developed Modules:
• Biometric verification of staff & Web Based Duty Allocation
• Waybill Submission Module (WBS)-Revenue Recording system maintains-
− Web Based Online System
− Records Complete Revenue Collection data
− ETM Revenue details pinging Backend, No need to Download
− Pre-printed tickets (fall back arrangement) records in electronic form.
− Fine Recoveries recording system.
− Revenue Reconciliation
− Reduces manpower size in depots - enables cutting costs & fast processing.
• Infraction Monitoring-Records Deviations from Benchmark Standards.
• DQM(Driver Quality Monitoring)-Records Complete Details & Performance
of Drivers.
• Billing process module
• On Time Performance Reporting

18. Bus Management System – Trip Processing
Information from AVL and ETM is available on single screen for Trip Processing

19. • Cluster Bus Analytics
• Bus Behavioural Analysis
• Space Time Graph
• Trip Analysis - Real-time analysis of trips of various routes
• Differential Scheduling
Analysis Tools

20. Detailed Analysis of Low
Ridership Sectors
Cluster Bus System – Business Analytics

21. Detailed Analysis of Low
Ridership Sectors
Cluster Bus System – Business Analytics-Contd

22. Bus Behavioural Analysis
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23. Graphical Representation of Data for Route Analysis

24. Mobile Apps for
commuters
Web-based Journey Planner
Benefits – Information in the hands of the commuter…
BQBS-Mounted-PIS-boardsBus-Mounted-PIS-Boards