The document describes a bus fleet management and tracking system that uses sensors and GPS modules installed on buses to track the buses' locations, monitor speeds, and count passengers. It aims to automatically track the 40 buses in a college's fleet to replace manual tracking and attendance. The system uses GPS to locate buses and check speeds, laser sensors at bus entrances to count passengers, and an emergency button to alert authorities to accidents. It sends data like passenger counts and emergency alerts to a central server to monitor the fleet remotely.

1. BUS FLEET MANAGEMENT
AND TRACKING SYSTEM
ARVINDH.S - 312211106009
AVINASH.M - 312211106011
N. GIRISH – 312211106032
S.KARTHIKEYAN – 312211106047
PROJECT SUPERVISOR – Dr. KISHORE RAJENDIRAN

2. MOTIVATION
• The institute has around 40 buses which run across various routes of the
city every day and it's difficult for the Transport officer to keep track of
all buses manually.
• So this system will take care of this bus fleet management in order to
keep track of all buses at desk. The system will not only track on each of
the buses live but also gives the transport officer an alert in case of any
emergency situations. It also provides him the number of students
travelling in each bus every day, thereby eliminating the manual
attendance taken in every bus.

3. OBJECTIVE
To locate every bus via GPS module and track its route,
monitor the speed of the bus etc.
 To eliminate the use of manual attendance sheets by
introducing an automatic attendance system in the bus
that transmits the attendance to a central server via GSM.
 To provide additional facilities such as Emergency button
in case of emergencies.

4. SIMPLIFIED MODULE ARCHITECTURE
Sensor 1
Sensor 2
Processing
Unit/Gateway Cloud server

5. COLLEGE BUS TRACKING AND MANAGEMENT
• The same system that was to be implemented on the machines at the factory,
can be demonstrated by installing the wireless nodes inside each bus in the
fleet.
• The aim is to achieve the following
– To locate every bus via GPS module and track its route, monitor the
speed of the bus etc.
– To eliminate the use of manual attendance sheets by introducing an
automatic attendance system in the bus that transmits the attendance to a
central server via GSM.
– To provide additional facilities such as Emergency button in case of
emergencies.

6. BUS TRACKING VIA GPS MODULE
• The wireless module inside each bus consists of a GPS module that
enables the bus to be located by anyone who has authorized access to the
cloud server.
• The admin can also monitor the speeds of various buses and if it exceeds
the speed limit set, the module automatically notifies both the driver as
well as the admin.
• The GPS module is also useful to determine if a given bus is following
its specified route and time taken etc.

7. ESTIMATION OF PASSENGER COUNT IN BUS
• Each bus is fitted with an laser tripwire pair to detect if a person
is getting on the bus or getting off the bus depending upon which
sensors are activated first.
• For each person who gets on the bus, a counter is incremented in
the system.
• Once the bus crosses the last stop, the number in the count register
(i.e. No. of passengers) is automatically sent to the central server
via GSM module.
• Similar data is acquired from all the buses and sent to the server
long before the bus reaches college and the data can be monitored
by authorized persons.

8. ADDITIONAL FEATURES
• An important additional feature would be provision of an “Emergency Button” on the
system module. This can be triggered by the driver in case of any accidents or
breakdowns etc.
• Once triggered, the corresponding module of that bus will send a signal to the central
server requesting services. The server which knows the position of every bus in the
map will automatically determine the nearest buses to the requesting bus and intimate
them to reach the bus in emergency and assist them.

9. BLOCK DIAGRAM
2

10. INDUINO R3 DEVELOPMENT BOARD

11. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SENSOR MODULE
• The two Light Dependent Resistors – LDR1 and LDR2 are
placed at the entrance of the bus. One laser beam is focused
on LDR1 forming the first laser tripwire and another laser
beam is focused on LDR2 and hence forms the second
laser tripwire.
• The first tripwire is placed close to the entrance of the bus
near the door. The second one is placed at the top of the
stairs leading into the bus.
• When entering the bus, the passenger will immediately
intercept the first beam near the door and this triggers a
subroutine in the code. This part of the code is a timer
which specifies a time in seconds within which the second
beam has to be intercepted by the passenger.
• If the passenger intercepts the second beam within the time
limit specified in the subroutine, the counter is incremented
and the count data is immediately transmitted via the Serial
port to the GSM/GPS module.

12. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SENSOR MODULE

13. SETUP OF THE BI DIRECTIONAL COUNTER

14. ESTIMATION OF PASSENGER COUNT USING BI-
DIRECTIONAL COUNTER
• Each bus is fitted with an sensor array pair to detect if a person is getting on
the bus or getting off the bus depending upon which sensors are activated
first.
• For each person who gets on the bus, a counter is incremented in the system.
• Once the bus crosses the last stop, the number in the count register (i.e. No.
of passengers) is automatically sent to the central server via GSM module.
• Similar data is acquired from all the buses and sent to the server long before
the bus reaches college and the data can be monitored by authorized persons.

15. BUS TRACKING USING GPS
 The wireless module inside each bus consists of a GPS module that enables
the bus to be located by anyone who has authorized access to the cloud
server.
 The admin can also monitor the speeds of various buses and if it exceeds the
speed limit set, the module automatically notifies both the driver as well as
the admin.
 The GPS module is also useful to determine if a given bus is following its
specified route and time taken etc.

16. MAP INTERFACE SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE
BUS

17. EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM
• In case of any emergencies such as an accident or
a breakdown or any other emergency, the driver of
the bus or anyone on the bus would be able to
trigger an emergency switch on the GSM/GPS
module.
• This switch when triggered will activate a part of
the code which immediately sends an Emergency
SMS to certain pre-configured numbers.
• Emergency SMS contains the location of the bus
along with other information such as the
registration number of the bus, date and time
when the emergency switch was activated,
ignition status and the speed. Screenshot of the
emergency SMS is shown.

18. EMERGENCY SMS FLOWCHART

19. CONCLUSION
• This project will keep track of the numerous buses running in various routes across the city.
• It also provides an alert message in case of any emergency situation.
• The head count of the passengers travelling in each bus can be seen in the database and can be used
for future analysis. This module will help to identify the bus routes with more number of passengers
and if needed, more number of buses can be provided on that route.
• If there are very less number of passengers on a single route, that particular route can have increased
stops or the route can be modified for better efficiency. The stored passenger data in the server can be
used to analyze patterns and be used for statistical analysis. This will help to determine at which time
of the year there is peak bus requirement on each route.
• This module also alerts the authorized person in case of any emergency situations like breakdown,
accidents etc., via SMS. The message gives the precise location of the bus so that the authorized
person can provide immediate assistance like re-routing the nearby buses.

20. REFERENCES
• Alexe, A., Ezhilarasie, R. (2011) ‘Cloud computing base vehicle tracking systems’. in proc. of
International Journal Of Computer Science and Technology (IJCST), pp 49-52.
• Al Rashed, M.A., Oumar, O.A. and Singh, D. (2013) ‘A real time GSM/GPS based tracking system
based on GSM mobile phone’, in proc. of Second International Conference on Future Generation
Communication Technology (FGCT), pp 65-68.
• Baviskar, J.J., Mulla, A.Y., Pandit, S.K., Naik, R.D. and Baviskar, A.J. (2014) ‘GPS based real time
Emergency Aid System with analysis of latency in satellite communication’, in proc. of Recent
Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), pp 1-7.
• Stojanovic, D., Predic, B., Antolovic, I. and Dordevic-Kajan, S. (2009) ‘Web information system for
transport telematics and fleet management’, in proc. of 9th International Conference on
Telecommunication in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services (TELSIKS ‘09), pp 314-
317.
• Zantout, R., Jrab, M., Hamandi, L. and Sibai, F.N. (2009) ‘Fleet management automation using the
global positioning system’, in proc. of International Conference on Innovations in Information
Technology (IIT’09), pp 30-34.

21. THANK YOU