Raven’s Progressive Matrices are a group or individually administered tests that non-verbally assesses intelligence in children and adults through abstract reasoning.
The aim of this study was to develop competency indexes assessing nursing postgraduate’s tutor in China. Based on Iceberg competency theory, a Delphi survey was carried out. 30 nursing experts in 16 provinces of China were invited to rate the importance of indexes and give some comments on the content. There were 22 experts taking part in two rounds Delphi study. A Kendall's W test also demonstrated experts were well coordinated. During the first round, overall mean scores were high, except for 1 tertiary index. We also added and moved some indexes building on the experts’ suggestions. After two rounds, we developed competency indexes appropriate to assess tutots’ competencies, consisting of 5 preliminary indexes, 13 secondary indexes and 68 tertiary indexes. The competency indexes were validated and scientific, it can be used to assess tutors in China.
Raven’s Progressive Matrices are a group or individually administered tests that non-verbally assesses intelligence in children and adults through abstract reasoning.
The aim of this study was to develop competency indexes assessing nursing postgraduate’s tutor in China. Based on Iceberg competency theory, a Delphi survey was carried out. 30 nursing experts in 16 provinces of China were invited to rate the importance of indexes and give some comments on the content. There were 22 experts taking part in two rounds Delphi study. A Kendall's W test also demonstrated experts were well coordinated. During the first round, overall mean scores were high, except for 1 tertiary index. We also added and moved some indexes building on the experts’ suggestions. After two rounds, we developed competency indexes appropriate to assess tutots’ competencies, consisting of 5 preliminary indexes, 13 secondary indexes and 68 tertiary indexes. The competency indexes were validated and scientific, it can be used to assess tutors in China.
Creative Problem Solving Model for Promoting Achievement among Higher Seconda...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT The CPS frame of reference has evolved through more than five decades of work and has revised and remodeled. The present study determines the effectiveness of Creative Problem Solving Model for Promoting Achievement among Higher Secondary School Geography Students. For that the investigator used OsbornParness model of Creative Problem Solving. A quasi-experimental method with pre-test post-test two group design was adopted. The sample consisted of 269 XIth standard students from five different schools from Kottayam and Ernakulam district. Tools used are lesson design based on Osborn-Parness model of Creative Problem Solving, lesson design based on prevailing activity oriented approach, and achievement test in Geography. The result concludes that the select model is effective for promoting achievement among higher secondary school Geography students. Creative Problem Solving frame of reference elicit thoughtful, deliberate preference in which problem solvers choose and apply the method and tools that will be most applicable and advantageous for their learning task.
Hypothesis is usually considered as the principal instrument in research and quality control. Its main function is to suggest new experiments and observations. In fact, many experiments are carried out with the deliberate object of testing hypothesis. Decision makers often face situations wherein they are interested in testing hypothesis on the basis of available information and then take decisions on the basis of such testing. In Six –Sigma methodology, hypothesis testing is a tool of substance and used in analysis phase of the six sigma project so that improvement can be done in right direction
Assumptions of parametric and non-parametric tests
Testing the assumption of normality
Commonly used non-parametric tests
Applying tests in SPSS
Advantages of non-parametric tests
Limitations
Definition:- Association between two or more variable is termed as correlation.
The word correlation is made of co (meaning- together) and relation. Correlation is a single number that describes the degree of relationship between two variable.
Research Design, Concepts, Types, Sampling and sampling design, Measurement and Scaling, types, Error in scaling, criterion of good scale and classification of scaling
This is a North Central University essay about analyzing a statistical research sample. Components include research questions, null and alternative hypotheses, and types of statistical analysis. It is written in APA format, includes references, and has been graded by an instructor (A).
Grading Your Assessments: How to Evaluate the Quality of Your ExamsExamSoft
How satisfied are you with the last assessment you gave? Would you describe your exam as a highly effective evaluation tool? How much information does it reveal about individual student’s abilities, and the overall performance of your current class as compared to previous classes? Do you trust your assessment to accurately identify which students “get it,” and which ones clearly do not grasp the content, nor meet the expected standards required to pass your course?
The use of a 3-step item analysis method based on an item’s difficulty levels, discrimination values, and response frequencies provides a revealing look at the quality of your assessment by focusing your attention on the effectiveness of each test item and its contribution to the exam blueprint. Save time and effort in identifying exactly which exam questions need editing, and how much editing is required, before you take any action. You’ll likely find that replacing the item with a brand new question may not be necessary. Learn how your efforts to make small improvements within just a few exam items, guided by a systematic process of reviewing statistical results before you start editing, can drastically enhance the items’ quality, and eliminate the need to spend hours rewriting the entire exam. By using this item analysis method, your future assessments will be able to provide an accurate measurement of your students’ abilities to apply nursing content and solve clinical problems.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS ON THE TYPES OF GOAL SCALE FOR SPORTS PERSONSMeenakshi Singh
Goal setting, particularly different types of goal is a topic that has been of interest among sports psychologists, athletes and coaches. The types of goal scale (Meenakshi and Sharma, 2013) was developed for measuring the nature and frequency of the goals. The psychometric properties of the types of goal scale, however have not been tested on a sample of Indian athletes, which is an important component if researchers and applied sport psychologists have to use the scale for assessment purpose. A total of 592 athletes were considered for the analysis. Results shown that two-factor model of types of goal with few modifications provides an adequate fit to the data with the internal consistency of 0.48 and 0.57 respectively for the time bound goals and process goals subscale. The results provided the evidence for reliability and validity of the types of goal scale for targeted population.
Creative Problem Solving Model for Promoting Achievement among Higher Seconda...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT The CPS frame of reference has evolved through more than five decades of work and has revised and remodeled. The present study determines the effectiveness of Creative Problem Solving Model for Promoting Achievement among Higher Secondary School Geography Students. For that the investigator used OsbornParness model of Creative Problem Solving. A quasi-experimental method with pre-test post-test two group design was adopted. The sample consisted of 269 XIth standard students from five different schools from Kottayam and Ernakulam district. Tools used are lesson design based on Osborn-Parness model of Creative Problem Solving, lesson design based on prevailing activity oriented approach, and achievement test in Geography. The result concludes that the select model is effective for promoting achievement among higher secondary school Geography students. Creative Problem Solving frame of reference elicit thoughtful, deliberate preference in which problem solvers choose and apply the method and tools that will be most applicable and advantageous for their learning task.
Hypothesis is usually considered as the principal instrument in research and quality control. Its main function is to suggest new experiments and observations. In fact, many experiments are carried out with the deliberate object of testing hypothesis. Decision makers often face situations wherein they are interested in testing hypothesis on the basis of available information and then take decisions on the basis of such testing. In Six –Sigma methodology, hypothesis testing is a tool of substance and used in analysis phase of the six sigma project so that improvement can be done in right direction
Assumptions of parametric and non-parametric tests
Testing the assumption of normality
Commonly used non-parametric tests
Applying tests in SPSS
Advantages of non-parametric tests
Limitations
Definition:- Association between two or more variable is termed as correlation.
The word correlation is made of co (meaning- together) and relation. Correlation is a single number that describes the degree of relationship between two variable.
Research Design, Concepts, Types, Sampling and sampling design, Measurement and Scaling, types, Error in scaling, criterion of good scale and classification of scaling
This is a North Central University essay about analyzing a statistical research sample. Components include research questions, null and alternative hypotheses, and types of statistical analysis. It is written in APA format, includes references, and has been graded by an instructor (A).
Grading Your Assessments: How to Evaluate the Quality of Your ExamsExamSoft
How satisfied are you with the last assessment you gave? Would you describe your exam as a highly effective evaluation tool? How much information does it reveal about individual student’s abilities, and the overall performance of your current class as compared to previous classes? Do you trust your assessment to accurately identify which students “get it,” and which ones clearly do not grasp the content, nor meet the expected standards required to pass your course?
The use of a 3-step item analysis method based on an item’s difficulty levels, discrimination values, and response frequencies provides a revealing look at the quality of your assessment by focusing your attention on the effectiveness of each test item and its contribution to the exam blueprint. Save time and effort in identifying exactly which exam questions need editing, and how much editing is required, before you take any action. You’ll likely find that replacing the item with a brand new question may not be necessary. Learn how your efforts to make small improvements within just a few exam items, guided by a systematic process of reviewing statistical results before you start editing, can drastically enhance the items’ quality, and eliminate the need to spend hours rewriting the entire exam. By using this item analysis method, your future assessments will be able to provide an accurate measurement of your students’ abilities to apply nursing content and solve clinical problems.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS ON THE TYPES OF GOAL SCALE FOR SPORTS PERSONSMeenakshi Singh
Goal setting, particularly different types of goal is a topic that has been of interest among sports psychologists, athletes and coaches. The types of goal scale (Meenakshi and Sharma, 2013) was developed for measuring the nature and frequency of the goals. The psychometric properties of the types of goal scale, however have not been tested on a sample of Indian athletes, which is an important component if researchers and applied sport psychologists have to use the scale for assessment purpose. A total of 592 athletes were considered for the analysis. Results shown that two-factor model of types of goal with few modifications provides an adequate fit to the data with the internal consistency of 0.48 and 0.57 respectively for the time bound goals and process goals subscale. The results provided the evidence for reliability and validity of the types of goal scale for targeted population.
Analysis of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): Item and Test Statistics from a...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Final Project ScenarioA researcher has administered an anxiety.docxAKHIL969626
Final Project Scenario
A researcher has administered an anxiety survey to students enrolled in graduate level statistics courses. The survey included three subscales related to statistics anxiety: (a) interpretation anxiety, (b) test anxiety, and (c) fear of asking for help. For the items that comprised the scales, students were asked to respond using a 5 point likert-type scale ranging from (1) No Anxiety to (5) High Anxiety. Therefore, higher scores on the anxiety subscales implied higher levels of anxiety.
In addition to the statistics anxiety subscales, the survey contained a subscale related to the use of statistical software and a subscale related to self-perceived confidence concerning general computer use. Students responded to items on the statistical software subscale using a response range from (1) Strongly Disagree to (7) Strongly Agree. For the computer confidence subscale, students responded to items using a range from (1) Strongly Disagree to (5) Strongly Agree. For each of these subscales, higher scores implied higher levels of confidence.
The researcher determined the score for each subscale by computing the mean response for the items associated with the subscale. This technique resulted in subscales that had the same possible range and the items that made up the subscale.
A subsample of the researcher’s dataset contains the following variables that should be used for completing the four final projects. The variables included in the dataset are:
Variable name:
Label:
Values:
gender
1: Female
2: Male
race
1: White
2: Non-White
age
courses
Number of online courses completed
1: 0-2 courses
2: 3-7 courses
3: 8 or more courses
interpret
Anxiety associated with reading and interpreting output from analyses
test
Anxiety associated with taking a test in a statistics course
help
Anxiety associated with asking for help during a statistics course
software
Self-reported level of confidence is using statistical software
computer
Self-reported confidence in general computer use
Final Project 1:
Use SPSS to conduct the necessary analysis of the Age variable and answer each of the following questions.
Questions:
1. What is the value of n?
2. What is the mean age?
3. What is the median age?
4. What was the youngest age?
5. What was the oldest age?
6. What is the range of ages?
7. What is the standard deviation of the ages?
8. What is the value of the skewness statistic?
9. What are the values of the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles?
10. Present the results as they might appear in an article. This must include a table and narrative statement that provides a thorough description of the central tendency and distribution of the ages.
Final Project 2
One of the researcher’s questions involved the difference in scores on the Interpretation Anxiety subscale between male and female respondents. Use SPSS to conduct the analysis that is appropriate for this research question and answer each o ...
Test anxiety gender and academic achievementsDr.Nasir Ahmad
Objectives: To investigate undergraduate students’ test anxiety level; to measure
the correlation between undergraduate students test anxiety with their
academic achievement; and to measure the correlation of undergraduate students’
test anxiety from the perspective of their gender.
Methodology: Students of eight departments at University of Swat constituted
the study sample. Among these, 126 undergraduate level students were selected
through simple random sampling technique. The tool used for the study was
Westwide Test Anxiety Scale. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 21.
Results: Among the selected respondents, there were 89 (70.63%) male and
37 (29.37%) female students. Our results revealed that 39.7% of undergraduate
university students were suffering from moderately high test anxiety. Male students
had 44.9% while female students had 27% moderately high test anxiety.
The correlation coefficient between CGPA and test anxiety of students was -.317
which shows inverse relationship. The average CGPA of male students was 2.8
while female students had a CGPA of 3.19. The mean test score of male undergraduate
students was 3.25 ±0.60 and female under graduate students was
3.13 ±0.77, p value .366.
Conclusion: Moderately high test anxiety was found in undergraduate university
students which was similar in both male and female students. Female students
showed better performance as compared to male students.
Key Words: Test anxiety, Academic achievement, Undergraduate students
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Item Analysis
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Within psychometrics, Item analysis refers to statistical methods
used for selecting items for inclusion in a psychological test. The
concept goes back at least to Guildford (1936). The process of item
analysis varies depending on the psychometric model. For
example, classical test theory or the Rasch model call for different
procedures. In all cases, however, the purpose of item analysis is to
produce a relatively short list of items (that is, questions to be
included in an interview or questionnaire) that constitute a pure but
comprehensive test of one or a few psychological constructs.
3. Item Analysis
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
To carry out the analysis, a large pool of candidate items, all of which
show some degree of face validity, are given to a large sample of
participants who are representative of the target population. Ideally,
there should be at least 10 times as many candidate items as the
desired final length of the test, and several times more people in the
sample than there are items in the pool. Researchers apply a variety
of statistical procedures to the responses to eliminate unsatisfactory
items. For example, under classical test theory, researcher discard
items if the answers:
4. Item Analysis
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
• Show little variation within the sample
• Are strongly correlated with one or more other items
• Weakly correlate with the totality of the remaining items, reflected in an
increase in Cronbach's alpha if the item is eliminated from the test
In practical test construction, item analysis is an iterative process, and
cannot be entirely automated. The psychometrician's judgement is required
to determine whether the emerging set of items to be retained constitutes a
satisfactory test of the target construct. The three criteria above do not
always agree, and a balance must be struck between them in deciding
whether or not to include an item.
5. PREPARATION OF WEIGHTAGE TABLES FOR PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL CRITERION TEST ON TAMIL FOR IX STANDARD
STUDENTS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
S.No. Content
1. Kambaramayanam- Arimugam
2. Kambaramayanam- padapPorul
3. Kambaramayanam- Sorporul
4. Kambaramayanam- Ilakkanakurippu
5. Kambaramayanam-Pahupatha Uruppilakkanam
6. Kambaramayanam-NoolKurippu
7. Kambaramayanam- Asiriyar Kurippu
8. Dhiravida Mozhigal- Arimugam
9. Mozhium Mozhikkudumbamum
10. India Mozhikkudumbangal
11. Dhiravida Mozhikkudumbam
12. Dhiravidam
13. Dhiravida Mozhihalul Thamizhikkuriya Idam
14. Thonmai Sirappu
15. Thalaimai Sirappu
6. PREPARATION OF WEIGHTAGE TABLES FOR PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL CRITERION TEST ON TAMIL FOR XI STANDARD
STUDENTS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
S.No. Content
16. Sevviyal Sirappu
17. Ezhthu – Ezhuthin Vagai
18. Alabedai- Alabedain Vagaigal
19. Uiralabedai- Vagaigal
20. Ottralabedai
21. Sirupanchamoolam – Arimugam
22. Sirupanchamoolam- Padaporul
23. Sirupanchamoolam - Ilakkanakurippu
24. Sirupanchamoolam- Pahupatha Uruppilakkanam
25. Sirupanchamoolam- Asiriyar Kurippu
26. Sirupanchamoolam- Nool Kurippu
7. WEIGHTAGE TO CONTENT OF THE PRELIMINARY
DRAFT OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
CONTENT TOTAL
(Marks)
fk;guhkhazk(Kamba
Ramayanam)
18
jpuhtplnkhopfs;(Dravidian
Languages)
24
msngil ( Alabadai) 33
rpWgQ;r%yk;( Siru Panja
Moolam)
16
Total 91
8. WEIGHTAGE TO OBJECTIVES OF THE PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF
THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
OBJECTIVES MARKS
KNOWLEDGE 29
UNDERSTANDING 54
APPLICATION 8
TOTAL 91
9. WEIGHTAGE TO QUESTIONS OF THE PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF
THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
QUESTIONS MARKS
OBJECTIVE TYPE 91
SHORT ANSWER TYPE -
ESSAY TYPE -
TOTAL 91
10. BLUE PRINT-TWO DIMENSIONAL CHART OF THE PRELIMINARY
DRAFT OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
CONTENT KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING APPLICATIO
N
TOTAL
(Marks)
fk;g uhkhazk (Kamba
Ramayanam)
9(1) 9 (1 - 18(1)
jpuhtpl nkhopfs; (Dravidian
Languages)
3(1) 21(1) - 24(1)
msngil ( Alabadai) 13(1) 12(1) 8(1) 33(1)
rpW gQ;r %yk; ( Siru Panja
Moolam) 4(1) 12(1) 16(1)
TOTAL 29(1) 54(1) 8(1) 91
11. THE PILOT STUDY
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
The Preliminary Draft of the Criterion test Tool was prepared and it
consists of 91 items. Specific instructions for the learners, mentioning
time limit, method of answering etc., were instructed. The items were
presented to 50 students in XI Standard Tamil subject in the form of a
test and the scores were computed. One mark was given to each
correct responses and zero mark was given to each wrong response.
Then, the scores were arranged in the decreasing order. Using the
50 answer sheets, item – wise analysis was done. 27 percentage in
50 is 13.5. So, we have to take 14 students from right upper and 14
students from right lower.
12. ITEM ANALYSIS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Item analysis is done in order to improve the reliability and validity of the test. Item
analysis consists of two parts. They are: i) Difficulty level ii) Discriminative Index.
Difficulty level indicates the percentage of students who found difficult to answer the
particular items. Discriminative index indicates the degree to which an item
distinguishes between the high achievers and the low achievers. The effectiveness
of a test can be increased by selection of items with suitable difficulty and
discriminative value. For carrying out item analysis the investigator followed the
following steps.
The valued answer sheets were arranged in the descending order of scores. After
the arrangement it was divided into three groups. The top 27 percent and the bottom
27 percent of the scores were considered for item Analysis. 27 percentage in 50 is
13.5. So, we have to take 14 students from right upper and 14 students from right
lower.
13. ITEM ANALYSIS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
The difficulty level and discriminative index for each item was calculated using the
formula.
Difficulty Level = (RH+RL) / N *100
Discriminative Index = (RH-RL) / ( N/2)
Where
RH refers to the number of students answered correctly from high achievement
group.
RL refers to the number of students answered correctly from low achievement
group.
N refers to the total number of students from both high and low achievement
groups.
In the present study, items with difficulty level ranging from 30 % to 80% and
discrimination index ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 were selected. The total number of the
selected items in the final test was 60.
22. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF
THE FINAL DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
SL.NO. ITEM
NUMBER CONCEPT
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION
41 79 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
42 82 ,, 27.27272727 0.381818182 Accepted
43 83 ,, 31.81818182 0.272727273 Accepted
44 84 ,, 22.72727273 0.272727273 Accepted
45 86 ,, 45.45454545 0.290909091 Accepted
46 87 ,, 31.81818182 0.454545455 Accepted
47 88 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
48 89 ,, 27.27272727 0.363636364 Accepted
49 90 ,, 22.72727273 0.454545455 Accepted
50 91 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted
23. WEIGHTAGE TO OBJECTIVES OF THE FINAL
DRAFT OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
OBJECTIVES MARKS
KNOWLEDGE 15
UNDERSTANDING 31
APPLICATION 4
TOTAL 50
24. WEIGHTAGE TO QUESTIONS OF THE FINAL DRAFT
OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
QUESTIONS MARKS
OBJECTIVE TYPE 50
SHORT ANSWER TYPE -
ESSAY TYPE -
TOTAL 50
25. WEIGHTAGE TO CONTENT OF THE FINAL DRAFT OF
THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
CONTENT TOTAL
(Marks
)
fk;guhkhazk(Kamba Ramayanam) 11
jpuhtplnkhopfs;(Dravidian Languages) 12
msngil ( Alabadai) 16
rpWgQ;r%yk;( Siru Panja Moolam) 11
TOTAL 50
26. BLUE PRINT-TWO DIMENSIONAL CHART OF THE
FINAL DRAFT OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
CONTENT KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDI
NG
APPLICATIO
N
TOTAL
(Marks)
fk;guhkhazk(Kamba
Ramayanam)
6 (1) 5 (1) - 11
jpuhtplnkhopfs;(Dravidian
Languages)
1(1) 11(1) - 12
msngil ( Alabadai) 7(1) 5(1) 4(1) 16
rpWgQ;r%yk;( Siru Panja
Moolam)
1(1) 10(1) 11
TOTAL 15 31 4 50
28. CRONBACH’S ALPHA FOR SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
SCALE
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Cronbach’s Alpha Cronbach’s Alpha
based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.89 .89 50
31. ITEM TOTAL STATISTICS FOR SCHOOL
ENVIRONMENT
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Item Number
Scale Mean if Item
Deleted
Scale Variance if Item
Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
31 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .74
32 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
33 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
34 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
35 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
36 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
37 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
38 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
39 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .74
40 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
32. ITEM TOTAL STATISTICS FOR SCHOOL
ENVIRONMENT
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Item Number
Scale Mean if Item
Deleted
Scale Variance if Item
Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
41 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .71
42 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
43 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
44 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
45 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
46 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
47 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
48 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
49 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .74
50 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
33. School Environment
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Sl.No. PARTICULARS SA A U DA SDA
I PHIYSICAL FACILITIES
1 Adequate classrooms with required space to accommodate students
are available in the school.
2 Separate toilets and bathrooms facilities are available for gents and
ladies staff.
3 Separate toilets and bathrooms facilities are available for boys & girls
students.
4 Ground facility is adequate in the school
5 Adequate vehicle parking is available in the school.
6 School campus is provided with fencing / compound wall to avoid
external disturbances.
7 Canteen facility is available in the school.
8 Stationary shop is there in the school which supplies all necessary
items
9 Separate staffroom for gents and ladies teachers.
10 School has an auditorium to conduct functions, celebrations and
prayers etc.
11 School has well equipped physical education room.
12 School has separate room for library
13 School has separate rooms for labs such as Physics,
Chemistry, and Botany and Zoology.
34. School Environment
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
II
INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITY SA A U DA SDA
14 Classroom is equipped with blackboard, chalk piece and
duster
15 Classroom is equipped with adequate benches, chairs, tube
lights and dustbin.
16 Adequate water facilities are available in the school.
17 School has adequate games items
18 Number of computers available in the computer
Lab. is adequate.
19 Internet facility is available in the school.
20 Library is equipped with dailys, journals, books
and reference materials.
21 Labs. are equipped with adequate instruments and teaching
aids.
22 School has adequate facilities for extra-curricular activities
like activity rooms, coaching classes etc.
35. School Environment
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
III
TEACHING – LEARNING SA A U DA SDA
23
School has qualified and experienced teachers for all
subjects.
24
Maximum utilization of library is encouraged for students.
25
Gifted are encouraged by providing in-depth information.
26
Field trips are organized by the school at regular intervals.
27
Subject related projects are given to students.
28
Student’s seminars, quiz etc. are organized now and then.
29
Low achievers are given extra coaching with special attention.
30
Experts in various fields like Education, Psychology and
subjects of different kinds are brought to school to create
awareness.
31
Regular attendance is made compulsory for students.
32
Teachers use teaching aids for teaching.
33
Doubt clearing sessions are arranged whenever needed.
36. School Environment
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
34
Notes taking habit is encouraged during teaching.
35 Pupils are honored for their academic excellence.
36 Teachers are encouraged to attend professional enrichment
programmes like in-service programmes, seminars etc.
37 During intervals subject related information are played
through tape recorders.
IV EVALUATION SA A U DA SDA
38 Tests [Term, Unit, Weekly, and Monthly] are conducted
periodically.
39 Corrected papers are returned with necessary comments.
40 Students are directed to get the parents signature in the
corrected test papers.
41 Performance card is given for each test.
42 Student’s individual performance is compared with their
previous performance only.
37. Review Questions
1. What is the use of item analysis?
2. What is the purpose of finding out
discrimination index?
3. What is the purpose of difficulty level?
4. What is the formula for difficulty level?
5. What is the formula for discrimination index?
6. What do you mean by item total correlation?
7. What do you mean by item to item
correlation?
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan