The aim of this study was to develop competency indexes assessing nursing postgraduate’s tutor in China. Based on Iceberg competency theory, a Delphi survey was carried out. 30 nursing experts in 16 provinces of China were invited to rate the importance of indexes and give some comments on the content. There were 22 experts taking part in two rounds Delphi study. A Kendall's W test also demonstrated experts were well coordinated. During the first round, overall mean scores were high, except for 1 tertiary index. We also added and moved some indexes building on the experts’ suggestions. After two rounds, we developed competency indexes appropriate to assess tutots’ competencies, consisting of 5 preliminary indexes, 13 secondary indexes and 68 tertiary indexes. The competency indexes were validated and scientific, it can be used to assess tutors in China.
Preparing Junior High School Students in Science, Technology, Engineering and...IJAEMSJORNAL
The authors applied a one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design to one section of GVAHS with 45 students to look into the effectiveness of journal writing in mathematics performance consequently preparing the students to technical subjects in the STEM track of the K to 12 curricula. The findings of the study revealed that journals in mathematics produce better and improved scores for students in problem solving tasks. Likewise, journal writing helped the students communicate with their Math Teacher. It can improve their abilities on how to use mathematical tools, symbols and numbers, use math models, analyze, understand and solve problems preparing them for higher mathematics and other related sciences. Also, journal writing helped students to learn how to transfer ideas clearly and convey their feelings and thoughts effectively. Likewise, it enhanced different characteristics that they can use in pursuing the STEM track andin living in the globally competitive world of work.
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EFFECTIVE COVERAGE OF LEARNING DOMAINS IN STUDENTS ASSESSMENT BY LECTURERS OF...ijejournal
The study investigated the degree of coverage of the three domains of learning during assessment of students by lecturers in Cross River University of Technology Calabar, Nigeria. The three learning domains in education are the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. Cognitive learning domain behavior involves thinking, reasoning, memorizing, comprehension, calculation, analyzing. Affective learning involves feeling, valuing, interest, responding. While psychomotor includes physical activities such as coordination and use of motor skills measured in speed, precision, distance and procedures. Two
hypotheses were formulated to test the expected level coverage of learning domains by lecturers in Cross River University of Technology. The study population comprised all academic staff in Cross River University of Technology, and 100 lecturers were randomly selected as sample for this study. Data collection instrument was a facts finding questionnaire titled learning domain coverage questionnaire. The major findings were that learning domains coverage in continuous assessment tests by academics in Cross River University of Technology was not significantly higher than the expected. There was also no
significant difference in learning domain coverage among faculties in Cross River University of Technology. It was recommended that continuous assessment tests should ensure adequate coverage of the learning domain particularly the cognitive and psychomotor domains. Seminars and workshops should be organized for all academic staff by test experts.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analysis of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): Item and Test Statistics from a...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Preparing Junior High School Students in Science, Technology, Engineering and...IJAEMSJORNAL
The authors applied a one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design to one section of GVAHS with 45 students to look into the effectiveness of journal writing in mathematics performance consequently preparing the students to technical subjects in the STEM track of the K to 12 curricula. The findings of the study revealed that journals in mathematics produce better and improved scores for students in problem solving tasks. Likewise, journal writing helped the students communicate with their Math Teacher. It can improve their abilities on how to use mathematical tools, symbols and numbers, use math models, analyze, understand and solve problems preparing them for higher mathematics and other related sciences. Also, journal writing helped students to learn how to transfer ideas clearly and convey their feelings and thoughts effectively. Likewise, it enhanced different characteristics that they can use in pursuing the STEM track andin living in the globally competitive world of work.
`
EFFECTIVE COVERAGE OF LEARNING DOMAINS IN STUDENTS ASSESSMENT BY LECTURERS OF...ijejournal
The study investigated the degree of coverage of the three domains of learning during assessment of students by lecturers in Cross River University of Technology Calabar, Nigeria. The three learning domains in education are the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. Cognitive learning domain behavior involves thinking, reasoning, memorizing, comprehension, calculation, analyzing. Affective learning involves feeling, valuing, interest, responding. While psychomotor includes physical activities such as coordination and use of motor skills measured in speed, precision, distance and procedures. Two
hypotheses were formulated to test the expected level coverage of learning domains by lecturers in Cross River University of Technology. The study population comprised all academic staff in Cross River University of Technology, and 100 lecturers were randomly selected as sample for this study. Data collection instrument was a facts finding questionnaire titled learning domain coverage questionnaire. The major findings were that learning domains coverage in continuous assessment tests by academics in Cross River University of Technology was not significantly higher than the expected. There was also no
significant difference in learning domain coverage among faculties in Cross River University of Technology. It was recommended that continuous assessment tests should ensure adequate coverage of the learning domain particularly the cognitive and psychomotor domains. Seminars and workshops should be organized for all academic staff by test experts.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analysis of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): Item and Test Statistics from a...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Regression techniques to study the student performance in post graduate exam...IJMER
Aptitude of students entering into Post graduate courses in INDIA is an aspect to be studied.
Entrance Examinations do test the aptitude but to a certain extent. Post graduate students are expected to
have a certain level of aptitude and this aptitude should be sustained till the end of their course and
beyond. Therefore, it is a necessity to examine to what extent their aptitudes are getting tested. The marks
scored by the students in the entrance examination is an indicator of the aptitude but does not speak of the
ability of the students in all the aspects or the subject of their specialization in the post graduate courses.It
has been observed that a causal dependency exists between the degree marks and the entrance test marks.
This paper tries to investigate this dependency with linear regression techniques. On the whole , categories
of students are identified by studying the distribution of marks. A mapping between the marks and the
questions are being studied. Linear regression technique is being used to identify the groups of students
and to predict the expected marks that the future students would score.
Fuzzy Measurement of University Students Importance Indexes by Using Analytic...IRJESJOURNAL
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to apply a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process model FAHP for estimating students' importance indexes problem, where the measures of students' attitudes and responses are often uncertain or difficult to determine by using non-fuzzy model. Fuzzy set theory treats a kind of uncertainty called fuzziness. It shows that the boundary of “yes” or “no” is ambiguous and appears in the meaning of words or included in the subjunctives or recognition of human beings. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adapts FAHP to analysis students' satisfaction for the services submitted by the university to enhance learning process and circumstance environment for students, this area of researches is still out of university importance. For the purposes of the survey, questionnaires were designed for all the factors which are affecting in students' satisfaction and most probably all these factors are taken according to their suitable priority. There were five main criterions in the questionnaires. Criterion one focuses on administrative university services Si, the second criterion concentrate with teaching and learning process Ti, while the third criterion is university climate and student activities Ai, the fourth criterion covers the administrative facilities Fi, and the fifth criterion is learning facilities students Li, were asked to measure their perceived experiences with those criterions. Each criterion contains some of sub criteria. Findings: The results illustrate that the quality of teachers T1, Opportunities for recreational activities A1, fair evaluation for students T6, and remedial support A3 are the most important indexes for students. The proposed model would help decision-makers to enhancement the quality of the services and may be adding other facility to make the university more attractive. Research limitations/implications: This paper makes some assumptions such as the number of sample are taken from seven colleges only and not cover all colleges in the university and concentrated about the final levels. Originality/value: This paper introduces fuzzy theory with AHP approach to the research of university services as customers in public firms and it has reached some valuable conclusions, which has opened up a new field of study in the universities services area
Attitude of Students towards Integral Calculus through the Screening Examinat...ijtsrd
One thing that may affect the students’ perception of mathematics is the attitude of the students towards the subject. This study was conducted to assess the attitude of students towards integral calculus. The subjects of this study were the 94 second year students of the College of Engineering taking up BSAE, BSCE, BSEE and BSME who were enrolled in Integral Calculus. This group of students were a combination of the first timer and repeaters in Integral Calculus. This were the students who were not screened out from the screening examination conducted by the researcher. It employed the descriptive correlational method using the frequency counts, weighted means and analysis of variance.The instrument used in this study was the attitude scale. This instrument was administered to the students before the first screening examination and after the last screening examination.Results revealed that students have favourable attitudes towards integral calculus before and after the screening examination strategy. However, results also revealed that the profile of the students in terms of gender, number of times the student took the subject and the students’ performance on the prerequisite subject has nothing to do or did not influence the attitudes of the students towards the subject. Merewina Llanie A. Tapong | Benjamin D. Varela "Attitude of Students towards Integral Calculus through the Screening Examination Strategy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37935.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/37935/attitude-of-students-towards-integral-calculus-through-the-screening-examination-strategy/merewina-llanie-a-tapong
A Study on the Relationship between Scientific Reasoning and Achievement in C...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Reasoning in psychological perspective may be defined as set of mental processes used to derive inferences or conclusions from premises (Samarapungavan, 2009). Reasoning helps us to generate new knowledge and to organize existing knowledge making it more usable for future mental work. Reasoning therefore becomes central to many forms of thought such as scientific, critical, and creative thinking, argumentation, problem solving, and decision making. Reasoning is an inevitable part of the various aspects of academic inquiry. In this paper, the Investigators tried to find out the relationship between Scientific reasoning and Achievement in Chemistry of Secondary school students for total sample and for the subsample Gender. They also tried to find out whether there exists any significant difference in the Scientific reasoning and Achievement in Chemistry of Secondary school students based on their Gender. Proper statistical techniques were used to collect, standardize and Analyze the data
To evaluate the portfolio in assessing interprofessional learning between medical and midwifery students. The student portfolio is assessed using a rubric consisting of four assessment criteria. A total of 32 student portfolios were tested for reliability coefficients and interrater agreements. We conducted an in-depth interview with mentors and focus group discussion (FGD) with students for exploring their perceptions of the ability of the portfolio to assess the learning. Interview and FGD data were converted into verbatim transcripts then were analyzed by two coders using open coding techniques. The reliability coefficient is 0.808. Inter-rater agreements for each assessment criteria are ranging from moderate to high. Mentors and students have positive insights toward the assessment system. This study supports the use of portfolios as an interprofessional educational assessment tool.
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
Statistical Scoring Algorithm for Learning and Study Skillsertekg
İndirmek için Bağlantı > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/statistical-scoring-algorithm-for-learning-and-study-skills/
This study examines the study skills and the learning styles of university students by using scoring method. The study investigates whether the study skills can be summarized in a single universal score that measures how hard a student works. The sample consists of 418 undergraduate students of an international university. The presented scoring was method adapted from the domain of risk management. The proposed method computes an overall score that represents the study skills, using a linear weighted summation scheme. From among 50 questions regarding to learning and study skills, the 30 highest weighted questions are suggested to be used in the future studies as a learning and study skills inventor. The proposed scoring method and study yield results and insights that can guide educators regarding how they can improve their students’ study skills. The main point drawn from this study is that the students greatly value opportunities for interaction with instructors and peers, cooperative learning and active engagement in lectures.
Effectiveness of Lecture Cum Demonstration Method on Knowledge and Skill Rega...Vivek Jamnik
The study aims to find the effectiveness of lecture cum demonstration method on knowledge and skill
regarding cranial nerve assessment among under graduate nursing student in selected nursing college.
Communicative Skills Formation for Obstetrics and Gynecology InternsAJHSSR Journal
: The proposed article highlights the problem of young doctors’ communication skills formation.
Method for improving communication skills by using training "Communication is the key to successful
cooperation between women and doctor" was proposed. Was carried out a review and presented research results
of communication skills of interns from department of obstetrics and gynecology postgraduate education before
and after training.
Regression techniques to study the student performance in post graduate exam...IJMER
Aptitude of students entering into Post graduate courses in INDIA is an aspect to be studied.
Entrance Examinations do test the aptitude but to a certain extent. Post graduate students are expected to
have a certain level of aptitude and this aptitude should be sustained till the end of their course and
beyond. Therefore, it is a necessity to examine to what extent their aptitudes are getting tested. The marks
scored by the students in the entrance examination is an indicator of the aptitude but does not speak of the
ability of the students in all the aspects or the subject of their specialization in the post graduate courses.It
has been observed that a causal dependency exists between the degree marks and the entrance test marks.
This paper tries to investigate this dependency with linear regression techniques. On the whole , categories
of students are identified by studying the distribution of marks. A mapping between the marks and the
questions are being studied. Linear regression technique is being used to identify the groups of students
and to predict the expected marks that the future students would score.
Fuzzy Measurement of University Students Importance Indexes by Using Analytic...IRJESJOURNAL
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to apply a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process model FAHP for estimating students' importance indexes problem, where the measures of students' attitudes and responses are often uncertain or difficult to determine by using non-fuzzy model. Fuzzy set theory treats a kind of uncertainty called fuzziness. It shows that the boundary of “yes” or “no” is ambiguous and appears in the meaning of words or included in the subjunctives or recognition of human beings. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adapts FAHP to analysis students' satisfaction for the services submitted by the university to enhance learning process and circumstance environment for students, this area of researches is still out of university importance. For the purposes of the survey, questionnaires were designed for all the factors which are affecting in students' satisfaction and most probably all these factors are taken according to their suitable priority. There were five main criterions in the questionnaires. Criterion one focuses on administrative university services Si, the second criterion concentrate with teaching and learning process Ti, while the third criterion is university climate and student activities Ai, the fourth criterion covers the administrative facilities Fi, and the fifth criterion is learning facilities students Li, were asked to measure their perceived experiences with those criterions. Each criterion contains some of sub criteria. Findings: The results illustrate that the quality of teachers T1, Opportunities for recreational activities A1, fair evaluation for students T6, and remedial support A3 are the most important indexes for students. The proposed model would help decision-makers to enhancement the quality of the services and may be adding other facility to make the university more attractive. Research limitations/implications: This paper makes some assumptions such as the number of sample are taken from seven colleges only and not cover all colleges in the university and concentrated about the final levels. Originality/value: This paper introduces fuzzy theory with AHP approach to the research of university services as customers in public firms and it has reached some valuable conclusions, which has opened up a new field of study in the universities services area
Attitude of Students towards Integral Calculus through the Screening Examinat...ijtsrd
One thing that may affect the students’ perception of mathematics is the attitude of the students towards the subject. This study was conducted to assess the attitude of students towards integral calculus. The subjects of this study were the 94 second year students of the College of Engineering taking up BSAE, BSCE, BSEE and BSME who were enrolled in Integral Calculus. This group of students were a combination of the first timer and repeaters in Integral Calculus. This were the students who were not screened out from the screening examination conducted by the researcher. It employed the descriptive correlational method using the frequency counts, weighted means and analysis of variance.The instrument used in this study was the attitude scale. This instrument was administered to the students before the first screening examination and after the last screening examination.Results revealed that students have favourable attitudes towards integral calculus before and after the screening examination strategy. However, results also revealed that the profile of the students in terms of gender, number of times the student took the subject and the students’ performance on the prerequisite subject has nothing to do or did not influence the attitudes of the students towards the subject. Merewina Llanie A. Tapong | Benjamin D. Varela "Attitude of Students towards Integral Calculus through the Screening Examination Strategy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37935.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/37935/attitude-of-students-towards-integral-calculus-through-the-screening-examination-strategy/merewina-llanie-a-tapong
A Study on the Relationship between Scientific Reasoning and Achievement in C...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Reasoning in psychological perspective may be defined as set of mental processes used to derive inferences or conclusions from premises (Samarapungavan, 2009). Reasoning helps us to generate new knowledge and to organize existing knowledge making it more usable for future mental work. Reasoning therefore becomes central to many forms of thought such as scientific, critical, and creative thinking, argumentation, problem solving, and decision making. Reasoning is an inevitable part of the various aspects of academic inquiry. In this paper, the Investigators tried to find out the relationship between Scientific reasoning and Achievement in Chemistry of Secondary school students for total sample and for the subsample Gender. They also tried to find out whether there exists any significant difference in the Scientific reasoning and Achievement in Chemistry of Secondary school students based on their Gender. Proper statistical techniques were used to collect, standardize and Analyze the data
To evaluate the portfolio in assessing interprofessional learning between medical and midwifery students. The student portfolio is assessed using a rubric consisting of four assessment criteria. A total of 32 student portfolios were tested for reliability coefficients and interrater agreements. We conducted an in-depth interview with mentors and focus group discussion (FGD) with students for exploring their perceptions of the ability of the portfolio to assess the learning. Interview and FGD data were converted into verbatim transcripts then were analyzed by two coders using open coding techniques. The reliability coefficient is 0.808. Inter-rater agreements for each assessment criteria are ranging from moderate to high. Mentors and students have positive insights toward the assessment system. This study supports the use of portfolios as an interprofessional educational assessment tool.
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
Statistical Scoring Algorithm for Learning and Study Skillsertekg
İndirmek için Bağlantı > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/statistical-scoring-algorithm-for-learning-and-study-skills/
This study examines the study skills and the learning styles of university students by using scoring method. The study investigates whether the study skills can be summarized in a single universal score that measures how hard a student works. The sample consists of 418 undergraduate students of an international university. The presented scoring was method adapted from the domain of risk management. The proposed method computes an overall score that represents the study skills, using a linear weighted summation scheme. From among 50 questions regarding to learning and study skills, the 30 highest weighted questions are suggested to be used in the future studies as a learning and study skills inventor. The proposed scoring method and study yield results and insights that can guide educators regarding how they can improve their students’ study skills. The main point drawn from this study is that the students greatly value opportunities for interaction with instructors and peers, cooperative learning and active engagement in lectures.
Effectiveness of Lecture Cum Demonstration Method on Knowledge and Skill Rega...Vivek Jamnik
The study aims to find the effectiveness of lecture cum demonstration method on knowledge and skill
regarding cranial nerve assessment among under graduate nursing student in selected nursing college.
Communicative Skills Formation for Obstetrics and Gynecology InternsAJHSSR Journal
: The proposed article highlights the problem of young doctors’ communication skills formation.
Method for improving communication skills by using training "Communication is the key to successful
cooperation between women and doctor" was proposed. Was carried out a review and presented research results
of communication skills of interns from department of obstetrics and gynecology postgraduate education before
and after training.
ENGY 730 – Assignment #1April 04, 2021This assignment is markeTanaMaeskm
ENGY 730 – Assignment #1
April 04, 2021
This assignment is marked, and weight of
the assignment is 10%.
Dr. Keshtkar
Note: To get full credit from this assignment, the student MUST implement, analyze, answer, and discuss each section of the assignment properly.
Introduction
HVAC systems typically consume around 70% of a base building’s energy usage, with 25-35% of energy consumed by chillers producing chilled water for air-conditioning. Therefore, the efficiency of chillers and the optimization of their performance within the HVAC systems they operate are important in achieving high performance.
Purpose of the Assignment
In this assignment a one-year historical data (refer to Daily Chilled water-1 excel file attached) for a chiller within a building has been measured. The main aims of this assignment are that students
· Taste the flavor of forecasting methods within buildings.
· Understand basic concepts of short-term/midterm forecasting.
· Learn how to
· capture the salient features using different regression models
· build regression models using Excel
· justify how well the models have fitted the data
· develop a model for one day ahead load forecasting
Questions
Students must answer the following question in details.
1. Plot the data and apply the simple linear regression (SLR) model and second order regression (SOR) model for the chilled water and HDD. In both cases, find the mathematical models for producing daily chilled water as well.
2. Use the obtained models above to forecast the chilled water that you would expect for the next January (2014) if the HDD varies as shown in Table 1 (attached).
3. Apply multiple linear regression (MLR) model for the chilled water and all parameters impacting the amount of chilled water. Find the mathematical model for producing daily chilled water as well.
4. Use the obtained MLR model above to forecast the chilled water that you would expect for the next January (2014) if the RH, Tdew-C and HDD vary as shown in Table 1.
5. Calculate MAPE and RMSE for each model (SLR, SOR, and MLR) and discuss which model(s) is more fitted with the historical data?
Evidence-Based Project, Part 2: Advanced Levels of
Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews
Presented by:
Name: Ariel Cordova Lopez
Date: April 10, 2021
Workplace Related Stress among the Nurses
Workplace stress is an important for healthcare administrators.
Workplace stress can result from factors such as staffing ratios, demanding tasks, and the environment.
An environment free of stressors is recommended for efficient delivery of care (Alenezi et al., 2018).
This promotes efficiency, promotes a culture of safety, and achieve better health outcomes from patients (Javadi-Pashaki & Darvishpour, 2019).
Job satisfaction levels by nurses highly impacted by level of stress and affects the quality of services provided by nurses.
Development of PICOT Question
P– population= Patients in critical care unit
I - Intervention = nursing under s ...
Evaluating the quality of quality improvement training in healthcareDaniel McLinden
Quality Improvement (QI)in healthcare is an increasingly important approach to improving health outcomes, improving system performance and improving safety for patients. Effectively implementing QI methods requires knowledge of methods for the design and execution of QI projects. Given that this capability is not yet widespread in healthcare, training programs have emerged to develop these skills in the healthcare workforce. In spite of the growth of training programs, limited evidence exists about the merit and worth of these programs. We report here on a multi-year, multi-method evaluation of a QI training program at a large Midwestern academic medical center. Our methodology will demonstrate an approach to organizing a large scale training evaluation. Our results will provide best available evidence for features of the intervention, outcomes and the contextual features that enhance or limit efficacy.
Assessmentof Nursing Students’ Attitude toward Learning Communication Skills ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
To maintain equality in higher education level both in private and public universities are very diverse both in function and in nature in Bangladesh. Quality teaching Initiatives and go-long-maintenance-and-continuation are basically an interesting issue in higher education landscape and found enormous difficulty with increasing diversity in the factors’ influence. The study focused on the factors by which effective teaching quality be enhanced in higher education level along with considerations for perfection in teaching methodology. This paper determines the research area of critical success factors of quality enhancement and assurance in higher education level which has potential to be explored and generate new knowledge, to improve the quality education practices and outcome. By using Factor Analysis and ranking of the factors, it has found that Teacher’s Distinctiveness, Human Resources Development, Teaching Approach and Quality of Teachers, Interpersonal and Pedagogy Skills are worth considerable to determine appropriateness in ensuring quality in higher education level.
Closing the Loop on Clinical Competency Based AssessmentsExamSoft
Presented by Karen Bobak, DC, EdD, Dean of Chiropractic, and Wendy Maneri, MS, DC, Associate Dean of Chiropractic Clinical Education and Health Centers, of New York Chiropractic College, discussed ways to effectively assessing student competency in a clinical setting is an essential element in professional healthcare education.
Effectively assessing student competency in a clinical setting is an essential element in professional healthcare education. Moreover, the use of assessment data to improve student learning is essential in order to meet program goals, professional standards, and provide quality patient care. Examples of strategies used to develop and implement a process of assessment / analysis / communication and change will be shared. Participants will be encouraged to develop a process framework while considering the challenges and opportunities that exist within their programs.
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion...Kailash Nagar
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion on Respiratory Assessment in Terms of Knowledge and Critical Thinking Abilities Among Nursing Students
We composed a lecture for students entering their first clinical year at UCL, chiefly to attempt to alleviate exam -related anxiety and analysed the feedback received to determine its efficacy.
This was presented as a poster at IAMSE, June 2013 (182), and adapted for an electronic poster at AMEE, August 2013 (5GG/7) and a short communication at FRAMPEIK, October 2013.
This study aims to reveal the profile of open-start problem-solving with ethnomathematics regarding student learning styles. This research is a qualitative research study on 3 out of 31 students of Junior High School of 3 Magetan taken by purposive sampling. The three students carried out four stages: understanding the problem, planning problem-solving strategies, implementing problem-solving strategies, and reviewing again. The results of the research show that students with a visual learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked and drawing illustrations, planning problem-solving strategies by making examples, carrying out solving strategies by working on the calculation process; students with an auditory learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked, planning strategies by making problems and formulating formulas used, implementing solutions by doing calculations and reviewing; students with a kinesthetic learning style solve problems by understanding issues through writing known and being asked, making examples and writing the formulas used, carrying out solving strategies by applying the calculation process and reviewing the results obtained. However, of the three styles, the results of the accepted work were not correct because they did not write down the conclusions and were not thorough enough.
The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's α. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.
Digital history-based project-based learning (PjBL) in history learning is a learning medium that can provide a special attraction for students who can improve historical concept skills and historical awareness. However, there are still many teachers who have not used it, so it is very important to study it. This research aims to analyze the influence of the digital history based PJBL model in improving historical concept skills and historical awareness. The method used is quasi-experimental with two classes, experimental and control. The population used class XI high school students in Lampung, Indonesia and the sample size was 213. Cluster random sampling was used to determine sampling, while data collection was in the form of test instruments. The test instrument questions were analyzed using the gain score and Kruskal-Walli’s test to determine the increase in historical concept skills and historical awareness with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26. The research results confirmed that digital history based PjBL was effective in increasing historical concept skills and historical awareness with a high score, making it the best choice to overcome obstacles in history learning.
This study aims to determine how using an active learning model based on the three higher education principles can improve students' active learning. Qualitative research methods were applied in this study, with data collection through interviews, literature study, and observation. The results showed that active learning based on the three higher education principles was included in the "good" or "acceptable" category. The application of this model can make this campus a place with a positive academic atmosphere that enhances and supports collaboration, discussion, and positive and critical thinking. The novelty of this research lies in the use of active learning with mini-research projects, which are developed based on university principles and embody it. The hope is that this can help solve problems in the student learning process at the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The expected implication is that the university's policy supports applying the model to resolve learning problems and build real scientists for students.
Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teacher education is a means to support the teaching and learning process. Good teaching by utilizing technology certainly requires changes, especially in the realm of pedagogy, but teachers apparently do not have enough ability to optimize ICT in the learning process. In fact, ICT has the potential to provide various benefits for teachers and students, including joint learning areas, cooperative and collaborative learning opportunities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the use of mobile learning application (MLA) and its impact as a form of ICT integration in learning. The method used is literature study, by taking data from various relevant scientific articles and books. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis from the results of the synthesis of several literature reviews obtained. The research results show that a number of 10 main articles and 15 relevant supporting articles as well as several book sources show that mobile-based learning with smartphone devices is becoming a trend at various levels of education, both academic and vocational.
Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students’ worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students’ worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students’ responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students’ worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students’ responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students’ problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
This research aimed to assess the readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers by examining their perceptions of impending challenges, desired competencies, and anticipated instructional methodologies in preparing for the challenges of Society 5.0. Using a quantitative survey research methodology, 884 pre-service science teachers from 16 universities were surveyed. The research instrument's validity and reliability were assessed utilizing the Rasch model. Inferential statistics were employed to assess the readiness of pre-service science teachers for future challenges, taking into account their backgrounds. The test outcomes showed the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient reached 0.92, is deemed "excellent", affirming the instrument's high reliability. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of teachers share a consistent perception of future challenges and recognize the importance of mastering 21st-century skills, particularly critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration. However, respondents believe that the current learning process does not adequately train these skills. They expressed a desire for an alternative learning method that can enhance their skills while accommodating their diverse backgrounds, including place of residence, economic background, and technological proficiency. Further research is needed to identify alternative teaching methods that can effectively foster these abilities in diverse backgrounds.
The issue of psychological well-being in education has emerged as an increasingly critical topic in recent years. This is due to the significance of psychological well-being in enhancing the performance of e ducational institutions, encompassing students, teachers, and the process of formulating school policies. This study sought to discover recent research on psychological well-being from an academic perspective. A total of 27 research articles were successfully gathered and reviewed based on the established criteria. This article review was conducted utilizing two databases (SCOPUS and WoS) and the following keywords: "psychological well-being" combined with "AND" and other search terms such as "school", "teacher", and "student". This systematic review offers a synthesis of results that can serve as the initial step in developing constructs of psychological well-being in educational institutions, thus implying the importance of psychological well-being for teachers and students. The results of the analysis from this systematic literature review have been discussed and concluded in this study.
This study aims to investigate Indonesian senior high school teachers’ perceptions of using the first language (L1) when teaching English because Indonesian teachers tend to have negative perceptions toward the application of the L1, while the L1 is needed in a situation where Indonesian students have limited skills in English. The semi-structured interview was applied to collect data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse it. The result showed that the teachers have three different positions in perceiving the use of the L1: the virtual position, maximal, and optimal positions. Although they have different perceptions toward the application of the L1, a major insight can be concluded about the limited use of the L1 for specific reasons, such as considering teachers’ and students’ English abilities, learners’ needs, and the type and the difficulty of the given task or assignment. The L1 can be functioned as scaffolding in three aspects: when teaching grammar, vocabulary, and when giving instructions. Teachers may consider this study’s results as the information to use the L1 in classrooms. This may also be beneficial for Indonesian educational stakeholders and the government to specifically define what type of scaffolding that teachers can use the L1 to teach English.
The Smile project is an engineering service-learning initiative carried out through collaboration between Chouaib Doukkali University in Morocco and Pusan National University in South Korea. Since 2016, this project has been conducted annually for engineering students from both universities. Participants are selected through an oral interview, ensuring representation from different majors, years, and genders. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the project transitioned to an online mode starting from 2020. The objective of this article is to investigate the impact of the service-learning approach on learning and its potential for enhancing engineering education. This study aims to compare the face-to-face and online implementations of the Smileproject as examples of this educational approach. The analysis demonstrates a strong positive effect of engineering service-learning as a learning approach, leading to the improvement of engineering students' skills and competencies. Notably, there is minimal difference between the two implementation modes of this learning approach.
Assessment is an important component of learning which aims to determine student achievement in learning. However, the pandemic has changed how assessment is carried out, prompting teachers to look for new strategies in carrying out mathematics learning assessments under any conditions, whether in normal conditions or during a pandemic. This study described the strategies used by high school mathematics teachers in assessing mathematics learning during the pandemic towards the post-pandemic period. This type of research is descriptive exploratory research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were three mathematics teachers, three principals, and three vice principals from a public senior high school in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Qualitative data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively according to Bogdan and Biklen. The results of the study reveal that the mathematics teacher’s strategy for carrying out assessments during a pandemic includes: i) determining the appropriate online assessment platform that suits the needs; ii) assessment based on student participation; iii) using various of online assessment methods; iv) prioritizing academic integrity and honesty in the assessment implementation; and v) carry out the management and reporting of data on the results of the assessment in accordance with established procedures.
This study examined the role of technology integration and teachers' professional competence in developing 21st-century learning. Present studies show a significant gap between technology integration and teachers’ competency in developing 21st-century learning. This study highlights the pivotal roles of technology integration and teacher competence in modern education. In an era where technology has transformed teaching and learning, understanding the synergy between these two factors is crucial for educational advancements. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach. It seeks to understand the current state of technology integration and teacher competence by collecting data from in-service teachers within the English teacher's forum. The data collection methods encompass questionnaires and interviews to gain comprehensive insights into the subject matter. The research design of this study primarily relies on a descriptive approach, which involves the systematic collection and analysis of data to describe and understand the existing situation. The data-gathering process, through questionnaires and interviews, ensures a comprehensive exploration of the research questions. The results show that technology integration and teacher competency significantly influence the development of 21st-century learning.
Aware of the various issues involved in assessing learning, but also of the difficulties encountered in classroom practice of this pedagogical act, we set out in this article to explore and analyze the assessment practices of secondary school mathematics teachers and the conceptions they underlie. The study was conducted from a systemic perspective. We therefore targeted three aspects in our study: the conceptual, the institutional, and the docimological. Analysis of the attitudes declared by a random sample of mathematics teachers enabled us to confirm that pedagogical, and in particular cognitive, issues do not represent a priority for them in assessment practices. They focus more on the organizational aspect of examinations, with a remarkable lack of concern for docimological considerations to give credibility to the assessments carried out.
This study aimed to investigate decreasing student academic stress in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, transition period, and new normal era by giving a self-help module to students. This research employed an experimental approach with a group pre-test post-test design with quantitative analytics. The perceived academic stress scale (PASS) and module evaluation scale were utilized to assess students' academic stress levels and their understanding of the module. The subjects consisted of one male student and thirty-seven female students, as the school was dominated by female students. This study indicated that students' academic stress levels during the pandemic and the new normal were in the medium range (18.82 - 19.97). The results showed that there was no significant difference in academic stress between the pandemic and the transition period (t = 1.322, p > 0.05) and the data between the pandemic and the new normal (t = -1.426, p > 0.05), while between the transition period and the new normal, it showed a significant difference (t = -4.189, p < 0.05). The study recommends that schools develop future guidance and counseling programs to help students cope with stress and build resilience. This study's findings can inform policy decisions and academic interventions to support students' mental health and academic success during challenging times.
The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of flipbook learning media, learning interest, and learning motivation on junior high school students' learning outcomes. The method used is the regression method with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted at Junior High School1 Yogyakarta with a sample of 64 class VIII social studies students. Data collection consists of interviews, observations, and documentation. Prerequisite test analysis consists of tests for normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Hypothesis testing using simple regression, and multiple regression. The research results show that there is an influence: i) flipbook learning media on learning outcomes with a tcount of 73.33, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, ii) interest in learning on learning outcomes with a tcount of 33.678, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, iii) learning motivation on learning outcomes with a tcount of 30.678, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, and iv) flipbook learning media, learning interest, and learning motivation together on learning outcomes with Fcount 47.879 > Ftable 2.77 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.005. The conclusion is that the use of flipbook learning media, increasing interest in learning, and strengthening learning motivation can support each other to achieve optimal learning outcomes for students.
Hybrid project-based learning effectively develops academic writing skills in preparation for a gradual return to face-to-face instruction after a two-year pandemic triggered by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since this hybrid project-based learning initiative is a pioneering effort, it is essential to reflect on the program's successes and identify areas for improvement. This case study aims to explore the lecturers' and students' reflections on using hybrid project-based learning in academic writing courses. In-depth interviews and end-of-semester reflection were utilized to obtain data. Thematic analysis was conducted using the qualitative data analysis (QDA)miner lite software for data reduction. the findings revealed three prominent themes that emerged in this lecturers’ reflections: i) integrating varied learning modalities; ii) fostering critical thinking and involvement; and iii) improving competencies, as they were also crucial to boosting professional development. Meanwhile, students portray hybrid project-based learning as challenging and rewarding and fosters a sense of value and acceptability among students. This research has transformative implications for curriculum development and instructional practices in higher education, especially academic writing.
Intrapreneurship skill has considered as the alternative learning outcomes of entrepreneurship education. However, entrepreneurship teachers need a complex learning program to develop intrapreneurship among business students. At the same time, The Ministry of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia recommends university teachers implement case methods to deliver complex learning environments and build critical skills among students. Therefore, this study aims to i) examine the effect of micro small medium enterprise (MSME) cases on the intrapreneurship of business students, ii) investigate the influence of MSME cases on flow experience in entrepreneurship education and iii) investigate the effect of flow experience during entrepreneurship education on intrapreneurship skill. We used field experiments on entrepreneurship and digital business student in business development courses. The result indicates that the case method effectively developed student intrapreneurship skill and flow experience during the course positively impacting student intrapreneurship skill.
Mathematical beliefs and metacognitive knowledge play significant roles in solving mathematical problems; thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of middle school students' beliefs on their metacognitive knowledge when solving geometry problems. This study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A linear regression test was used to determine the effect of middle school students' beliefs on their metacognitive knowledge. The results of the quantitative research analysis were followed up with a qualitative research approach to describe the metacognitive knowledge of students who have high and low confidence in solving geometric problems. This research involved 352 middle school students in the Tarakan area. Based on the results of linear regression, it is known that the beliefs of middle school students have a positive effect on their metacognitive knowledge when solving geometric problems. In addition, it was found that students with different beliefs could solve a given geometry problem, but the approach to solving it varied among subjects. Middle school students have diverse beliefs, but these variations do not affect their capacity to apply their metacognitive knowledge at every stage
of solving mathematical problems.
A comprehensive examination of the impact of instructional leadership provided by school principals on teacher commitment was carried out across different nations, including Indonesia. This research employed a literature review approach, scrutinizing journal articles that delved into the connection between the instructional leadership of school principals and teacher commitment. After applying predefined criteria to 120 chosen articles in this domain, only 15 articles met the specified criteria and were subsequently incorporated into the review. The findings of the literature review revealed that the instructional leadership of school principals and the resulting organizational commitment have a positive, and mostly said statistically significant, effect on teacher organizational commitment in various countries.
Because women in Indonesian society gain more experience in the family, one of which is education instilled through family gender culture, women's
career aspirations are believed to have their own characteristics. In today's
society, the current condition of female students' career expectations is apprehensive. Most of the female students do not have any professional
characteristics, such as career aspirations. This research involving 109 female students from various cultural contexts will divide their findings into
two categories: patriarchal family education and matriarchal family education. The main objective of this research is to investigate the career expectations of female students in relation to patriarchal and matriarchal
family education, and to compare the two household categories. As a result,
the majority of female students from societies that place a patriarchal emphasis on gender have expectations of career self-efficacy, whereas those
from societies that place a matriarchal emphasis on gender have expectations
of outcomes. Parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for
comparative analysis. The test results show F = 75.011 for career expectations on self-efficacy and F = 145.467 for outcome expectation (OE).
0.000 is a significant value for both variations.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. Design
We carried out a Delphi-survey on e-mail to collect opinions from a wide range of experts for
developing a consensus about the assessment indexes. Delphi survey were supposed to offer quantitative
estimates through qualitative methods, characterized by anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback, and
statistical group response [14]. The competency indexes were presented to an expert panel.
2.2. Delphi Expert Panel
Expert selection was built on the following criteria: at least bacholar 's degree in nursing; at least
senior professional titles; at least ten-year working experience in nursing, participating in the education/
management of nursing postgraduates and active support for our research. 30 experts in 16 provinces of
China were selected to participate in the study. And we carried out two rounds of Delphi survey by E-mail.
2.3. Delphi Procedure
Two researchers designed the Delphi questionnaire based on competency framework-‘Competence
iceberg theory’. Among them, skill and knowledge are threshold competency, motives and traits are
differentiating competence, which are key to distinguish achievers from mediocrity; self-concept is in-
between. Beisdes, we searched PubMed, EBSCO, CNKI, Wanfang Database, as well as educational web sites
about tutors’ competency by the following search terms: “nursing mentor/nursing supersivor/nursing
teacher/nursing educator”, “competency/competency evaluation”, On the basis of group discussion, we
developed competency indexes preliminarily, including 5 preliminary indexes, 13 secondary indexes and 64
tertiary indexes. In two consecutive Delphi rounds, experts were asked to comment on the content by giving
ratings, building on a likert-5 scale (1=least important, 5=most important).
2.4. Delphi Data Analysis
Data were recorded with Excel by two persons and re-checked , then, they were imported into IBM
SPSS Statistics for Windows (version 19.0) for analysis. The mean, standard deviation, coefficient of
variation for overall indexes were calculated. Index selection were based on mean scores greater than 3.5,
coefficient of variation not greater than 0.25 as well as expert suggestions. Descriptive statistic were used to
summarise sample characteristics. Besides, a kendall “w test were used to demenstrate experts” coordinated
degree.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1. Results
Twenty-five of 30 experts actively responded in the first Delphi round (effective response rate of
83.33%). In the second Delphi round, 22 experts (88%) completed the survey. They all were females, 3
experts (13.64%) were aged 30~39 years, 9 experts (40.91%) were 40~49 years, and 10 experts (45.45%)
were over 50 years; 5 experts (22.73%) were bachelor degree, 11 experts (50%) were master degree, and 6
experts (27.27%) were doctoral degree; 8 experts(36.36%) were with secondary senior titles, and 14 experts
(63.64%) were with senior titles; 6 experts (27.27%) worked as tutor for less than 2 years, 3 experts (13.64%)
worked for 3~5 years, 13 experts (59.09%)worked for more than 6 years. The number of experts from school
and hospital were close (Table 1).
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Table 1. Affliations of Consultation Experts (N=22)
3.2. Delphi Round 1
Mean scores and coefficient of variation reflected that all indexes were perceived as important and
feasible for assessing tutor (mean scores >3.5, coefficient of variation≤0.25)After the first Delphi survey, 1
tertiary index: emotional persistence, was removed, due to its variation coefficient was 0.26.
Interesting, many suggestions were presented. Some experts raised concerns about different
competency indexes assessing two types of nursing postgraduates’ tutor: academic nursing postgraduates and
master of nursing specialist (MNS). Some experts thought many tutors lacked communication with students
and did not help them plan career.
Based on the comments, the researchers decided to remove 1 tertiary index: emotional persistence,
added 7 tertiary indexes: ability to acquire expertise in depth, breadth and new progress, ability to innovate,
the evaluation of employer to postgraduates, postgraduates’ score of professional courses, ability to acquire
information, showing ethics, serving in various academic societies and academic journals; adjusted the way
of expression for 19 indexes and moved 3 indexes among tertiary index.
3.3. Delphi Round 2
During the second round, all indexes resulting from the first round were presented again to the
panel. The experts were invited to give some suggestions. They were additionally informed about the
changes based on the results from the first round. In this final Delphi-round, all assessment indexes turned
out to be validated and consensus was obtained. A Kendall's W test demonstrated the results were statistically
significant (p<0.01), meaning that experts were well coordinated after two rounds.
Building on the two rounds, the final validated competency indexes assessing nursing
postgraduates’ tutor consists of 5 preliminary indexes, 13 secondary indexes and 68 tertiary indexes (Table 2)
Table 2. Competency Indexes for Tutor
Indexes Mean scores
( 𝑥̅ ± s )
Coefficient of
variation
A Nursing professional level 5.00±0.00 0.00
A1 Nursing abilities 4.86±0.35 0.07
A1a Ability to communicate effectively 4.77±0.43 0.09
A1b Ability to observe sharply 4.86±0.35 0.07
A1c Ability to analyze and judge 4.91±0.29 0.06
A1d Ability to make decisions 4.77±0.43 0.09
A1e Ability to deal with emergency 4.77±0.43 0.09
A1f Showing ethics 4.73±0.55 0.12
A1g Knowing nursing law and regulations 4.55±0.60 0.13
A1h Ability to work with others 4.73±0.46 0.10
A1i Ability to coordinate interpersonally 4.64±0.49 0.11
A1j Ability to manage and organize 4.50±0.51 0.11
A1k Ability to acquire expertise in depth, breadth and new progress 4.82±0.59 0.12
A1l Ability to innovate 4.86±0.35 0.07
A2 Professional development ability 4.91±0.29 0.06
A2a Ability to reflect 4.82±0.39 0.08
A2b Evidence-baesd nursing ability 4.86±0.35 0.07
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Indexes Mean scores
( 𝑥̅ ± s )
Coefficient of
variation
A2c Critical thinking ability 4.91±0.29 0.06
A2d Ability to seek resources to solve clinical problem 4.95±0.21 0.04
A2e Self-learning and self-education ability 4.86±0.35 0.07
A2f Professional influence 4.41±0.73 0.17
B Teaching and guiding ability 4.95±0.21 0.04
B1 Teaching ability 4.86±0.35 0.07
B1a Strict teaching attitude 4.73±0.46 0.10
B1b Rich teaching content 4.23±0.81 0.19
B1c Diversified teaching method 4.73±0.46 0.10
B1d Good teaching effect 4.36±0.66 0.15
B2 Guiding ability 4.95±0.21 0.04
B2a Cultivation of postgraduates’ innovative thought 4.68±0.65 0.14
B2b Instruction of postgraduate professional learning 4.91±0.29 0.06
B2c Cultivation of postgraduate professional ability 4.86±0.35 0.07
B2d Cultivation of postgraduate research ability 4.95±0.21 0.04
B2e Cultivation of postgraduate teaching ability 4.64±0.49 0.11
B2f Guidance for development 4.68±0.48 0.10
B3 Postgraduate quality 4.45±0.74 0.17
B3a Quality and quantity of papers postgraduate published 4.50±0.60 0.13
B3b Quality of postgraduates’ dissertation 4.82±0.39 0.08
B3c Postgraduates’ work ability 4.73±0.46 0.10
B3d Postgraduates’ comprehensive qualities. 4.64±0.49 0.11
B3e The evaluation of employer to postgraduates 4.36±0.66 0.15
B3f Postgraduates’ score of professional courses 4.23±0.53 0.12
C Research ability 5.00±0.00 0.00
C1 Research base and literacy 4.91±0.29 0.06
C1a Scientific knowledge 4.77±0.43 0.09
C1b Foreign language proficiency 4.64±0.49 0.11
C1c Science research spirit 4.77±0.43 0.09
C1d Sensitivity to research 4.95±0.21 0.04
C1e Research direction 4.32±0.78 0.18
C1f Project level 4.27±0.63 0.15
C1g Research funds 4.27±0.63 0.15
C1h Research team 4.68±0.48 0.10
C1i Ability to acquire information 4.82±0.50 0.10
C1j Academic ethics and norms 4.91±0.29 0.06
C2 Scientific research output 4.68±0.48 0.10
C2a Academic influence 4.32±0.72 0.17
C2b Serving in various academic societies and academic journals 4.23±0.69 0.16
D Motivations as tutor 4.27±0.70 0.16
D1 External motivations 4.09±0.68 0.17
D1a Self-worth 4.41±0.67 0.15
D1b Professional ideal 4.50±0.74 0.16
D1c Sense of achievement 4.36±0.73 0.17
D2 Internal motivations 4.32±0.72 0.17
D2a Love for teaching 4.73±0.46 0.10
D2b Professional value 4.86±0.35 0.07
D2c Like students 4.73±0.46 0.10
D2d Aggressive 4.77±0.43 0.09
E Personality traits 4.27±0.77 0.18
E1 Cognitive features 4.55±0.51 0.11
E1a Objective 4.55±0.60 0.13
E1b Comprehensive 4.50±0.60 0.13
E1c Independent 4.27±0.70 0.16
E1d Simple 4.09±0.61 0.15
E1e Agile 4.41±0.67 0.15
E2 Emotion 4.45±0.60 0.13
E2a Emotional intensity 4.09±0.68 0.17
E2b Emotional stability 4.59±0.50 0.11
E2c Positive emotion 4.23±0.69 0.16
E3 Attitude 4.50±0.67 0.15
E3a Interpersonal attitude(honesty,compassion) 4.55±0.67 0.15
E3b Work attitude(responsible) 4.86±0.35 0.07
E3c Self-attitude (self-esteem, confidence) 4.64±0.58 0.13
E4 Will quality 4.45±0.67 0.15
E4a Initiative 4.55±0.51 0.11
E4b Decisive 4.36±0.66 0.15
E4c Tough 4.45±0.60 0.13
E4d Self control 4.68±0.48 0.10
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3.4. Disscussion
The present study aimed to develop the competency-based indexes assessing tutors’ competencies in
China, we adopted a Delphi-survey to collect expert opinions. In total, two rounds of consultation were
needed to validate the competency-based indexes. It demonstrated that all competency indexes, except 1
tertiary index, were already considered important in the first round (mean scores >3.5, coefficient of
variation ≤0.25), Besides, after two round, there was an increasing consensus among experts. We dealt with
a large amount of comments related to the competency indexes by deleting, adding and moving some indexes
during the two rounds.
Building on the comments, we develop 5 preliminary indexes. Firstly, Nursing professional level
was the basic competency for tutor, its mean scores was 5.00, and coefficient of variation is 0.00,
demonstrating the index was considered most important. Nursing was an applied subject, and hospital was
the main place for practice. So nursing professional level was signifcant. Besides, research ability was core,
so mean score was the same as nursing professional level, scored highest, and coefficient of variation is 0.00.
The big difference between undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education is research, tutor is instructor
of scientific research for nursing postgraduates. And scientific research was the significant way of promoting
development of nursing profession and improving the level of clinical care, so it could not be emphasized no
longer for postgraduates’ education [15], the result meaned experts’ high expectations for it. Tutor should
focus on their research ability, use their own rich resources to create a good scientific environment for
nursing postgraduates, and give some guidances on project declaration, implementation and thesis writing
[16]. Then, teaching and guiding ability was important, its mean scores was 4.95, and coefficient of variation
was 0.04. it was stressed by nursing educators in foreign countries [17]. In deed, teaching and guiding were
tutors’ duty. so they should treat nursing postgraduates as individuals, besides, teaching activities should be
learner-centered [18], proper teaching methods should be used, such as interaction teaching [19]. Except
theoretical study, postgraduates’ life and social pratice were all changed in the tutor's words and deeds, so
tutor’s guidance should be comprehensive [16]. Next, motivation as tutor could not be ignored, its mean
scores was 4.27, and coefficient of variation is 0.16. Compared with Shang Linping’s research, we added it
on delphi survey [20], motivation was a psychological tendency or impetus which triggered and maintained
individuals’ activities, and instructed individuals make efforts for a goal, including internal motivation and
external motivation. Motivation can differentiate out standing performer and average one, and measure a
tutor's competence. It also can stimulate tutor to work better, determine tutor’s participation and continuity of
cultivating nursing postgraduates directly, determine effort level of cultivating postgraduates, and affect the
quality of postgraduates in the end. Although work motivation was hard to change, it can be influenced by
environment [21], so we can not ignore function of internal and external motivation, and make great efforts
to create good external environment to improve tutor’s enthusiasm of cultivating postgraduates. Finally,
personality trait was prerequisites for tutor. Its mean score was not low, tutor not only setted us an example
of scientific research, but also inflenced our behaivors. As a tutor, morality and personality trait were basic.
So they should pay more attention to moral trait, responsibility and dedication; besides, they should take
good care of postgraduates, communicate more with them, respect them and treat them equally to develop
harmonious relationship with nursing postgraduates [22]-[23].
3.5. Limitations
The study had also some limitations about Delphi study. On the one hand, the study, as Delphi
study, possibly did not provide a space for discussion and debate. Notwithstanding its shortcoming, we just
remove 1 tertiary index considered “least unimportant”. On the other hand, the dropout of experts also
needed be explained. We invited 30 experts, reached the following effective response rates (N=25/22), a
dropout percentage of 27%. This may be due to the length of the survey for each round (1/1 month) and some
experts may be too busy. In the future, we would investigate if the competency-based assessment indexes
will improve the competencies of nursing postgraduates’ tutor in China.
4. CONCLUSION
Competent tutors were key to maintain quality of nursing postgraduates’ education. The present
Delphi-study validated indexes to assess nursing postgraduates’ tutors in China. After two rounds Delphi
survey, the competency indexes assessing tutors was established, including 5 preliminary indexs:nursing
professional level, teaching and guiding ability, research ability, motivation as tutor and personality trait, 13
secondary indexes and 68 tertiary indexes. This competency research can provide a reference to assess tutor.
6. ISSN: 2089-9823
EduLearn Vol. 12, No. 1, February 2018 : 1 – 6
6
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