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Chapter 2 The Components of the System Unit Prepared By: Humeyra Saracoglu
The System Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next system unit system unit system unit system unit
The System Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next power supply ports drive bays processor memory sound card video card modem card network card
The System Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next processor chip adapter cards memory chips memory slots motherboard Expansion slots for  adapter cards
The System Unit ,[object Object],dual inline  packages (DIP)  holds memory  chips pin grid  array (PGA)  package  holds processor  chips ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Click to view animation
Central Processing Unit ,[object Object],Arithmetic  Logic Unit (ALU) Input Devices Storage Devices Output Devices ,[object Object],Memory Data Information Control  Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Processor Control  Unit Arithmetic  Logic Unit (ALU) Next Information Data Information Information Data Information
Central Processing Unit ,[object Object],Step 1.   Fetch   Obtain program instruction   or data item from memory Step 2.   Decode   Translate instruction into commands Step 4.   Store   Write result to memory Step 3.   Execute   Carry out command ,[object Object],Processor Control Unit Memory ALU Next
The CPU Machine Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Inside the Chip” by Intel Video Clip Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Making Computers Faster ,[object Object],Fetch  Decode  Execute  Store  Fetch  Decode  Execute  Store  Instruction 1 Instruction 2 Nonpipelined CPU Fetch  Decode  Execute  Store  Fetch  Decode  Execute  Store  Fetch  Decode  Execute  Store  Fetch  Decode  Execute  Store  Instruction 1 Instruction 2 Instruction 3 Instruction 4 Pipelined CPU Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Cache Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Central Processing Unit ,[object Object],Stores location  from where instruction  was fetched Stores  instruction while it is  being decoded Stores data  while ALU  computes it Stores results  of calculation ,[object Object],Next
Central Processing Unit ,[object Object],Next Comparison of Widely Used Personal Computer Processors Name Date Clock Introduced Speed Itanium  2 2002 1 GH Z and up Xeon 2001 1.4–2.4 GH Z Itanium 2001 733–800 MH Z Pentium  4 2000  1.4–2.53 GH Z Pentium  III Xeon 1999  500–900 MH Z Pentium  III 1999  400 MH Z –1.2 GH Z Celeron 1998 266 MH Z –1.8 GH Z Operon 2003 To come Athlon  MP 2002 1.53–1.6 GH Z Athlon  XP 2001 1.33–1.73 GH Z Athlon  1999  500 MH Z –1.4 GH Z ® ™ ® ® ® ™ ® ® ™ ™ ™ ™ Click to view video
Data Representation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Data Representation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Data Representation ,[object Object],Step 2. An electronic signal for the capital letter  D  is sent to the system unit. Step 3. The signal for the capital letter  D  is converted to its ASCII binary code (01000100) and is stored in memory for processing. Next Step 1. The user presses the capital letter  D  (shift+D key) on the keyboard. Step 4. After processing, the binary code for the capital letter  D  is converted to an image, and displayed on the output device.
Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Seat #2B4 Seat #2B3 Next
Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],Next Term Abbreviation Approximate Size Kilobyte KB or K 1 thousand bytes Megabyte MB 1 million bytes Gigabyte GB 1 billion bytes Terabyte TB 1 trillion bytes
Memory ,[object Object],The more RAM a  computer has, the  faster it responds Also called  main memory   or  primary  storage Most RAM is  volatile , it is lost  when computer’s  power is  turned off Memory chips that can be  read from and written  to by processor Next
Memory ,[object Object],Step 1.   When you start the computer, certain operating system files load into RAM from the hard disk. The operating system displays the user interface on the screen. Operating system instructions Web browser  instructions Word processing program instructions Operating system interface Web browser  window Word processing program window Web browser program instructions are removed from RAM Web browser window no longer is displayed on desktop Step 2.   When you start a Web browser, the program’s instructions load into RAM from the hard disk. The Web browser window is displayed on the screen. Step 3.   When you start a word processing program, the program’s instructions load into RAM from the hard disk. The word processing program, along with the Web Browser and certain operating system instructions are in RAM. The word processing program window is displayed on  the screen. Step 4.   When you quit a program, such as the Web browser, its program instructions are removed from RAM. The Web browser no longer is displayed on the screen. Next RAM RAM
Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],Next RAM Use 128 to 256 MB 256 to 1 GB 1 GB and up ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Memory ,[object Object],Memory chips that store  permanent data  and instructions Nonvolatile memory , it is not  lost when computer’s  power is turned off Three types: Firmware — Manufactured with  permanently written  data, instructions,  or information EEPROM   ( e lectrically  e rasable  p rogrammable  r ead- o nly  m emory)— Type of PROM  containing microcode  programmer  can erase PROM   ( p rogrammable  r ead- o nly  m emory)— Blank ROM  chip onto which  a programmer  can write permanently Next
Ports ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Buses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next

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ITBIS105 6

  • 1. Chapter 2 The Components of the System Unit Prepared By: Humeyra Saracoglu
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