It6601 mobile computing unit 4 questions
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This document contains exam questions about mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) for a class on the topic. It includes short answer questions testing definitions and key concepts, as well as longer questions exploring challenges in MANET routing protocols due to their dynamic topology. Popular MANET routing protocols like DSR and DSDV are discussed. The document also covers security issues and applications of VANETs, a special type of MANET used for vehicle communication.
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Mobile ad hoc networking: imperatives and challenges
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks formed dynamically by independent mobile nodes without using pre-existing infrastructure. MANETs have applications in tactical operations, sensor networks, emergency services, and more. Key challenges in MANETs include energy conservation to limit battery drain, providing network security without centralized administration, and ensuring quality of service for applications. Open research areas focus on developing secure routing protocols, improving quality of service, and enabling low power consumption in mobile ad hoc networks.
Thesis on Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)
The networks not present of any centralized or pre-established structure are known as Ad hoc networks. Ad hoc Networks are the class of wireless networks that use multiple hop radio relay. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a combination of wireless mobile nodes and connected other in a dynamic way. ThesisScientist.com
Ds35676681
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Wireless Mesh Networks
Introduction – Definitions
Technology & Network architecture
Advantages of WMNs
Critical Design factors
Research Challenges & problems
Applications of WMNs
Conclusion
Delay telerant network
Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) allow communication in networks with intermittent connectivity by using a store-carry-forward approach. DTNs employ a set of protocols that store messages during network disconnections and forward them when connectivity is available. They can provide communication even when end-to-end paths do not exist. Key properties of DTNs include high latency, low data rates, disconnection, long queuing delays, short contact ranges, and dynamic topologies. Potential applications of DTNs include telemedicine in remote areas, social networking, communication under censorship, file sharing, and sharing cellular minutes.
Analyzing the Impact of Eaves on Energy Consumption of AODV Routing Protocol ...
The document analyzes the impact of an eavesdropper on the energy consumption of the AODV routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Simulations were conducted using the QualNet simulator for 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 nodes. The results show that the presence of an eavesdropper degrades network performance and increases energy consumption compared to the standard AODV protocol. Specifically, throughput was lower, delay and jitter were higher, and transmit energy usage increased in scenarios with an eavesdropper node. The eavesdropper attracts network traffic, forcing nodes to transmit more and reducing overall efficiency.
Security threats in manets a review
Ad hoc networks are the special networks formed for specific applications. Operating in ad-hoc mode
allows all wireless devices within range of each other to discover and communicate in a peer-to-peer
fashion without involving central access points. Many routing protocols like AODV, DSR etc have been
proposed for these networks to find an end to end path between the nodes. These routing protocols are
prone to attacks by the malicious nodes. There is a need to detect and prevent these attacks in a timely
manner before destruction of network services.
AODV information
- Wireless ad-hoc networks are collections of wireless devices that can communicate directly with nearby devices or through intermediate devices to reach destinations further away without any centralized administration. They were first developed in the 1990s and have been widely researched.
- However, it is debated whether wireless ad-hoc networks are fundamentally flawed because they are rarely used in practice and wireless networks today typically connect to base stations or access points rather than communicating in a decentralized multi-hop fashion.
- This document will examine arguments for and against wireless ad-hoc networks being a flawed architecture, providing examples and analysis to support the position that technical limitations inherently make them unrealizable.
Recommended
Mobile ad hoc networking: imperatives and challenges
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks formed dynamically by independent mobile nodes without using pre-existing infrastructure. MANETs have applications in tactical operations, sensor networks, emergency services, and more. Key challenges in MANETs include energy conservation to limit battery drain, providing network security without centralized administration, and ensuring quality of service for applications. Open research areas focus on developing secure routing protocols, improving quality of service, and enabling low power consumption in mobile ad hoc networks.
Thesis on Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)
The networks not present of any centralized or pre-established structure are known as Ad hoc networks. Ad hoc Networks are the class of wireless networks that use multiple hop radio relay. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a combination of wireless mobile nodes and connected other in a dynamic way. ThesisScientist.com
Ds35676681
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Wireless Mesh Networks
Introduction – Definitions
Technology & Network architecture
Advantages of WMNs
Critical Design factors
Research Challenges & problems
Applications of WMNs
Conclusion
Delay telerant network
Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) allow communication in networks with intermittent connectivity by using a store-carry-forward approach. DTNs employ a set of protocols that store messages during network disconnections and forward them when connectivity is available. They can provide communication even when end-to-end paths do not exist. Key properties of DTNs include high latency, low data rates, disconnection, long queuing delays, short contact ranges, and dynamic topologies. Potential applications of DTNs include telemedicine in remote areas, social networking, communication under censorship, file sharing, and sharing cellular minutes.
Analyzing the Impact of Eaves on Energy Consumption of AODV Routing Protocol ...
The document analyzes the impact of an eavesdropper on the energy consumption of the AODV routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Simulations were conducted using the QualNet simulator for 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 nodes. The results show that the presence of an eavesdropper degrades network performance and increases energy consumption compared to the standard AODV protocol. Specifically, throughput was lower, delay and jitter were higher, and transmit energy usage increased in scenarios with an eavesdropper node. The eavesdropper attracts network traffic, forcing nodes to transmit more and reducing overall efficiency.
Security threats in manets a review
Ad hoc networks are the special networks formed for specific applications. Operating in ad-hoc mode
allows all wireless devices within range of each other to discover and communicate in a peer-to-peer
fashion without involving central access points. Many routing protocols like AODV, DSR etc have been
proposed for these networks to find an end to end path between the nodes. These routing protocols are
prone to attacks by the malicious nodes. There is a need to detect and prevent these attacks in a timely
manner before destruction of network services.
AODV information
- Wireless ad-hoc networks are collections of wireless devices that can communicate directly with nearby devices or through intermediate devices to reach destinations further away without any centralized administration. They were first developed in the 1990s and have been widely researched.
- However, it is debated whether wireless ad-hoc networks are fundamentally flawed because they are rarely used in practice and wireless networks today typically connect to base stations or access points rather than communicating in a decentralized multi-hop fashion.
- This document will examine arguments for and against wireless ad-hoc networks being a flawed architecture, providing examples and analysis to support the position that technical limitations inherently make them unrealizable.
Security Enhancement in AODV Routing Protocol for MANETs
Adhoc networks are a new wireless networking paradigm for mobile hosts.
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks with absence of infrastructure
centralized support. Routing in MANETs is challenging task due to mobility of nodes.
Several routing protocols have been developed for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. This paper
describes concept of security enhancement in AODV routing protocol by detection and
tolerance of attacks using secure message transmission (SMT) protocol. Present AODV
routing protocol is not secure by malicious nodes. One main challenge in design of these
networks is their vulnerability to security attacks. In this paper we study how to make node
malicious and at same we will detect malicious node in AODV protocol using Network
Simulator-2(NS-2) tool.
A Survey of Security Approaches for Wireless Adhoc Networks
A Survey of Security Approaches for Wireless Adhoc NetworksInternational Journal for management Science and Technology - https://www.ijmst.com/
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 1, Manuscript 4
As the popularity of mobile devices and wireless networks significantly increased over the
past years. The wireless adhoc network has now become one of the most vibrant and active
fields of communication and networking research. These networks are a new generation of
networks offering unrestricted mobility without any underlying infrastructure. As their
principle application is in disastrous environments, security is critical. Various challenges are
faced in the adhoc environment, mostly due to the resource poorness of these networks. One
man confront in the design of these networks is their vulnerability to security attacks. The
solutions for conventional networks are usually not sufficient to provide efficient adhoc
operations. Just because of its wireless nature of communication and lack of any security
infrastructure raise several security problems and threats.
In this paper, we briefly review the threats an adhoc network faces and the security goals to
be achieved. Moreover, it also presents existing security schemes used in wireless adhoc
networks in order to handle security threats. Delay Tolerant Network - Presentation
These days, the interests in challenged networks are increasing and many researches are performed to seek a reliable end-to-end connectivity under harsh environments, which have a long propagation delay, high error rates, low data rate, and intermittent connectivity. Delay Tolerant Network was introduced to provide challenged networks with reliable transmission and interoperability with an overlay network concept. In this paper, we present comprehensive overview of Delay Tolerant Network and introduce a study case about the implementation of this network. This paper is designed to encourage the exploration of this field by giving basic concept and also motivate to investigate this area by presenting a study case at the end section.
---
Please contact to lailiaidi@gmail.com for download request
Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) Routing Protocols Analytical Study
This document provides an analytical study of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with definitions of MANETs and discusses their key characteristics including dynamic topology, limited energy/bandwidth, and security vulnerabilities. The document then examines the core functions and categories of MANET routing protocols. It analyzes several table-driven proactive protocols including DSDV and WRP, and on-demand reactive protocols including DSR, AODV, and TORA. Tables compare the protocols on metrics like routing structure, memory overhead, convergence time and advantages/disadvantages. The analysis found that different protocols have tradeoffs between overhead, adaptation to mobility, and scalability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The document summarizes a study on the Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledge (EAACK) scheme for detecting misbehaving nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses the limitations of existing acknowledgment-based intrusion detection systems like Watchdog, TWOACK, and AACK in handling receiver collisions. The key issues related to acknowledgment-based schemes for detecting misbehavior in MANETs are addressed. The focus is on analyzing the limitations of acknowledgment approaches like AACK and studying EAACK as an improved approach for addressing receiver collisions in MANETs.
A QoS Based MAC Protocol For Wireless Ad-hoc Network
Multimedia communication over wireless Ad-hoc networks has become the driving technology for many of the important applications, experiencing dramatic market growth and promising revolutionary experiences in personal communication, gaming, entertainment, military, security, environment monitoring, and more. The advances in wireless communications and growth of real-time applications have necessitated the development of wireless networks that can support high Quality of Service (QoS) and power control. A node in an ad hoc network is normally battery operated which poses a huge constraint on the power consumption of such a node. Hence, designing a power efficient MAC protocol for ad hoc wireless networks is a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a CDMA based power controlled medium access protocol for mobile and ad hoc network (MNA). The protocol conserves power and provides QoS guarantees for multimedia traffics. In that network one of the fundamental challenger in MANETs is how to increase the overall network throughputs well as reading the delay while maintaining how energy consumption for packet processing in communication. simulation results shows that the performance of the protocol with increase in traffic while QoS is better in terms of Energy consumption, throughput, & communication delay than existing protocol.
Behavioral malware detection in delay tolerant network
This document proposes a system for detecting behavioral malware in delay tolerant networks. It presents a general behavioral characterization of proximity malware based on a naive Bayesian model. This model has been successfully used to detect malware in non-DTN settings. The system addresses challenges in extending this model to DTNs, including having insufficient evidence due to limited node contact and the risk of collecting evidence from infected nodes. It proposes techniques like look-ahead and adaptive look-ahead to balance these risks.
Achieving Transmission Fairness in Distributed Medium Access Wireless Mesh Ne...
Wireless mesh networking gained an international interest over the years as a result to high recognition in
the wireless industry as a cost effective, scalable, wider coverage and capacity capable wireless technology.
The contention based distributed medium access in wireless networks has advanced not only in supporting
the quality of multimedia but also achieving high throughput and to minimize packet delay overheads in
legacy systems. Unfortunately, the impact of such enhancement has not been fully justified with mesh
network environments yet. The medium access frames are required to be contended over multi-hops to
overcome the challenges of improving overall system performance through concurrent transmissions. The
goal of this paper is to discuss the issues and challenges of transmission fairness and the effect of
concurrent transmission on system performance. To mitigate transmission fairness issues, we review
existing open literature on mesh networking and provide guidelines for better system design and
deployment. Finally, we conclude the paper with future research directions. This study may help network
designer and planner to overcome the remaining challenging issues in the design and deployment of WMNs
worldwide.
Ad hoc networks introduction
This document provides an introduction to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and discusses associated research issues. It defines MANETs as infrastructureless, self-configuring networks formed spontaneously by wireless devices. Key characteristics of MANETs include dynamic topology, limited bandwidth, and lack of centralized management. The document outlines several research areas in MANETs, including power management, MAC layer protocols, routing, transport protocols, security, and data management. It discusses challenges in each area posed by the mobile and decentralized nature of MANETs.
Black-Hole and Wormhole Attack in Routing Protocol AODV in MANET
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network that is formed automatically via wireless links by a collection of mobile nodes without the help of a fixed infrastructure or centralized management. The mobile nodes allow communication among the nodes outside the wireless transmission range by hop to hop and the forward packets to each other. Due to dynamic infrastructure-less nature and lack of centralized monitoring points, the ad hoc networks are vulnerable to attacks. The network performance and reliability is break by attacks on ad hoc network routing protocols. AODV is a important on-demand reactive routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. There is no any security provision against a “BlackvHole” and “Wormhole” attacks in existing AODV protocol. Black hole nodes are those malicious nodes that conform to forward packet to destination. But they do not forward packet intentionally to the destination node. The black hole nodes degrade the performance of network eventually by participating in the network actively. The propose watchdog mechanism detect the black hole nodes in a MANET. This method first detects a black hole attack in the network and then provide a new route to this node. In this, the performance of original AODV and modified AODV in the presence of multiple black hole nodes is find
out on the basis of throughput and packet delivery ratio. In a wormhole attack, intruders tunnel the data from one end of the network to the other, leading distant network nodes to trust they are neighbors’ and making them communicate through the wormhole link.
Do black holes exist
In this thesis firstly we study the effects of Black hole attack in MANET using both Proactive and Reactive routing protocols and then discovering a Secure Path in MANET by Avoiding Black/Gray Holes. The impact of Black Hole attack on the performance of MANET is evaluated finding out which protocol is more vulnerable to the attack and how much is the impact of the attack on both protocols. blackhole route
Unit 7
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks without a fixed infrastructure. Each node acts as both a host and a router, forwarding packets for other nodes. MANETs have dynamic topologies as nodes can move freely. They are used in applications like military operations, emergency response, and conferences. Routing in MANETs is challenging due to the dynamic topology. Common routing protocols for MANETs include DSDV, AODV, DSR, and ZRP. DSDV adds sequence numbers to distance vector routing to avoid loops from topology changes. DSR is an on-demand routing protocol where the source determines the complete path to the destination.
Enhanced Quality of Service Based Routing Protocol Using Hybrid Ant Colony Op...
The main problem of QoS routing is to setup a multicast hierarchy that may meet particular QoS constraint. In order to reduce the constraints of the earlier work a new improved technique is proposed in this work. In the proposed technique the issue of multi-cast tree is eliminated using clustering based technique. First of all multi-radio and multichannel based clustering is deployed and these cluster head are responsible
for the multicasting. It will diminish the overall energy consumption of nodes and complexity of intelligent algorithms. The path will be evaluated based upon the ant colony optimization. Thus it has produced better results than other techniques.
50120140501004
The document summarizes an algorithmic approach for detecting selfish and malicious nodes in cluster-based ad hoc wireless networks. It discusses:
1) Mobile ad hoc networks can have nodes that are selfish and refuse to forward packets to save energy or disrupt the network. Clustering is proposed to detect misbehavior within each cluster.
2) The algorithm classifies nodes into clusters, allowing each cluster head to detect false accusations within the cluster. It also describes how clusters are constructed.
3) A 2ACK scheme is proposed where the source node sends a packet to the first node, which forwards it to the next node. Each node then sends an ACK to the previous node. This detects misbehaving nodes that drop
“Reducing packet loss in manet”
This document summarizes a research paper on reducing packet loss in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The paper discusses how MANETs are vulnerable to various security threats like black hole attacks that can cause packet dropping. It evaluates existing authentication schemes like ACK-based schemes that have overhead issues. The paper then proposes a modified ACK-based scheme using finite state automata to overcome decision ambiguity and minimize packet dropping while authenticating nodes in the MANET. Simulation results show that the proposed approach improves packet delivery ratio, throughput and reduces routing load compared to not using secure authentication.
Efficient and stable route selection by using cross layer concept for highly...
Efficient and stable route selection by using cross layer concept for highly mobile network with predictive features by Rupali Singh, Gajendra Singh Dhakad
published in International Journal of Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4_November_2015
MOBILE IP ON MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS: AN IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUA...
Mobile computing devices equipped with transceivers form Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), when two
or more of these devices find themselves within transmission range. MANETs are stand-alone (no existing
infrastructure needed), autonomous networks that utilise multi-hop communication to reach nodes out of
transmitter range. Unlike infrastructure networks e.g. the Internet with fixed topology, MANETs are
dynamic. Despite the heterogeneous nature of these two networks, integrating MANETs with the Internet
extends the network coverage area of the Internet, and adds to the application domain of MANETs. One of
the many ways of combining MANETs with the Internet, is the use of Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile IP)
alongside a MANET routing protocol, to route packets between the Internet and the MANET, via Gateway
agents. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Mobile IP on MANET in Network Simulator 2 (NS2).
We have implemented Mobile IP on Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad hoc On-demand
Multiple Distance Vector (AOMDV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing
protocols, and compared performances based on Throughput, End-to-End Delay (E2ED), Packet Delivery
Ratio (PDR) and Normalized Packet Ratio (NPR). The simulation results suggest that, on-demand routing
within the MANET better serves Mobile IP on MANETs.
It6601 mobile computing unit 4
UNIT IV MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
Ad-Hoc Basic Concepts – Characteristics – Applications – Design Issues – Routing – Essential of Traditional Routing Protocols –Popular Routing Protocols – Vehicular Ad Hoc networks ( VANET) – MANET Vs VANET – Security
IT6601 Mobile Computing
This document contains 26 questions and answers related to mobile computing. It covers topics such as the definition of mobile computing, types of mobility, applications of mobile computing, obstacles in mobile communications, wireless local area networks, mobile middleware, logical channels in GSM networks, and the definition of wireless telecommunications. The document provides detailed explanations and examples for each question.
IT6601 MOBILE COMPUTING
MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOL AND TRANSPORT LAYER
Overview of Mobile IP – Features of Mobile IP – Key Mechanism in Mobile IP – route Optimization. Overview of TCP/IP – Architecture of TCP/IP- Adaptation of TCP Window – Improvement in TCP Performance.
It6601 mobile computing unit 5
UNIT V MOBILE PLATFORMS AND APPLICATIONS
Mobile Device Operating Systems – Special Constrains & Requirements – Commercial Mobile Operating Systems – Software Development Kit: iOS, Android, BlackBerry, Windows Phone – M-Commerce – Structure – Pros & Cons – Mobile Payment System – Security Issues.
It6601 mobile computing unit2
1. The document discusses various aspects of mobile internet protocol and transport layer protocols.
2. It provides an overview of Mobile IP including its key components like mobile node, home agent, foreign agent and correspondent node. It also describes how Mobile IP works through agent discovery, registration and tunneling.
3. The document also discusses TCP/IP architecture including its four layers and compares it to the OSI model. It describes various techniques to improve TCP performance over mobile networks like indirect TCP, snooping TCP and mobile TCP.
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Security Enhancement in AODV Routing Protocol for MANETs
Adhoc networks are a new wireless networking paradigm for mobile hosts.
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks with absence of infrastructure
centralized support. Routing in MANETs is challenging task due to mobility of nodes.
Several routing protocols have been developed for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. This paper
describes concept of security enhancement in AODV routing protocol by detection and
tolerance of attacks using secure message transmission (SMT) protocol. Present AODV
routing protocol is not secure by malicious nodes. One main challenge in design of these
networks is their vulnerability to security attacks. In this paper we study how to make node
malicious and at same we will detect malicious node in AODV protocol using Network
Simulator-2(NS-2) tool.
A Survey of Security Approaches for Wireless Adhoc Networks
A Survey of Security Approaches for Wireless Adhoc NetworksInternational Journal for management Science and Technology - https://www.ijmst.com/
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 1, Manuscript 4
As the popularity of mobile devices and wireless networks significantly increased over the
past years. The wireless adhoc network has now become one of the most vibrant and active
fields of communication and networking research. These networks are a new generation of
networks offering unrestricted mobility without any underlying infrastructure. As their
principle application is in disastrous environments, security is critical. Various challenges are
faced in the adhoc environment, mostly due to the resource poorness of these networks. One
man confront in the design of these networks is their vulnerability to security attacks. The
solutions for conventional networks are usually not sufficient to provide efficient adhoc
operations. Just because of its wireless nature of communication and lack of any security
infrastructure raise several security problems and threats.
In this paper, we briefly review the threats an adhoc network faces and the security goals to
be achieved. Moreover, it also presents existing security schemes used in wireless adhoc
networks in order to handle security threats. Delay Tolerant Network - Presentation
These days, the interests in challenged networks are increasing and many researches are performed to seek a reliable end-to-end connectivity under harsh environments, which have a long propagation delay, high error rates, low data rate, and intermittent connectivity. Delay Tolerant Network was introduced to provide challenged networks with reliable transmission and interoperability with an overlay network concept. In this paper, we present comprehensive overview of Delay Tolerant Network and introduce a study case about the implementation of this network. This paper is designed to encourage the exploration of this field by giving basic concept and also motivate to investigate this area by presenting a study case at the end section.
---
Please contact to lailiaidi@gmail.com for download request
Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) Routing Protocols Analytical Study
This document provides an analytical study of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with definitions of MANETs and discusses their key characteristics including dynamic topology, limited energy/bandwidth, and security vulnerabilities. The document then examines the core functions and categories of MANET routing protocols. It analyzes several table-driven proactive protocols including DSDV and WRP, and on-demand reactive protocols including DSR, AODV, and TORA. Tables compare the protocols on metrics like routing structure, memory overhead, convergence time and advantages/disadvantages. The analysis found that different protocols have tradeoffs between overhead, adaptation to mobility, and scalability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The document summarizes a study on the Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledge (EAACK) scheme for detecting misbehaving nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses the limitations of existing acknowledgment-based intrusion detection systems like Watchdog, TWOACK, and AACK in handling receiver collisions. The key issues related to acknowledgment-based schemes for detecting misbehavior in MANETs are addressed. The focus is on analyzing the limitations of acknowledgment approaches like AACK and studying EAACK as an improved approach for addressing receiver collisions in MANETs.
A QoS Based MAC Protocol For Wireless Ad-hoc Network
Multimedia communication over wireless Ad-hoc networks has become the driving technology for many of the important applications, experiencing dramatic market growth and promising revolutionary experiences in personal communication, gaming, entertainment, military, security, environment monitoring, and more. The advances in wireless communications and growth of real-time applications have necessitated the development of wireless networks that can support high Quality of Service (QoS) and power control. A node in an ad hoc network is normally battery operated which poses a huge constraint on the power consumption of such a node. Hence, designing a power efficient MAC protocol for ad hoc wireless networks is a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a CDMA based power controlled medium access protocol for mobile and ad hoc network (MNA). The protocol conserves power and provides QoS guarantees for multimedia traffics. In that network one of the fundamental challenger in MANETs is how to increase the overall network throughputs well as reading the delay while maintaining how energy consumption for packet processing in communication. simulation results shows that the performance of the protocol with increase in traffic while QoS is better in terms of Energy consumption, throughput, & communication delay than existing protocol.
Behavioral malware detection in delay tolerant network
This document proposes a system for detecting behavioral malware in delay tolerant networks. It presents a general behavioral characterization of proximity malware based on a naive Bayesian model. This model has been successfully used to detect malware in non-DTN settings. The system addresses challenges in extending this model to DTNs, including having insufficient evidence due to limited node contact and the risk of collecting evidence from infected nodes. It proposes techniques like look-ahead and adaptive look-ahead to balance these risks.
Achieving Transmission Fairness in Distributed Medium Access Wireless Mesh Ne...
Wireless mesh networking gained an international interest over the years as a result to high recognition in
the wireless industry as a cost effective, scalable, wider coverage and capacity capable wireless technology.
The contention based distributed medium access in wireless networks has advanced not only in supporting
the quality of multimedia but also achieving high throughput and to minimize packet delay overheads in
legacy systems. Unfortunately, the impact of such enhancement has not been fully justified with mesh
network environments yet. The medium access frames are required to be contended over multi-hops to
overcome the challenges of improving overall system performance through concurrent transmissions. The
goal of this paper is to discuss the issues and challenges of transmission fairness and the effect of
concurrent transmission on system performance. To mitigate transmission fairness issues, we review
existing open literature on mesh networking and provide guidelines for better system design and
deployment. Finally, we conclude the paper with future research directions. This study may help network
designer and planner to overcome the remaining challenging issues in the design and deployment of WMNs
worldwide.
Ad hoc networks introduction
This document provides an introduction to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and discusses associated research issues. It defines MANETs as infrastructureless, self-configuring networks formed spontaneously by wireless devices. Key characteristics of MANETs include dynamic topology, limited bandwidth, and lack of centralized management. The document outlines several research areas in MANETs, including power management, MAC layer protocols, routing, transport protocols, security, and data management. It discusses challenges in each area posed by the mobile and decentralized nature of MANETs.
Black-Hole and Wormhole Attack in Routing Protocol AODV in MANET
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network that is formed automatically via wireless links by a collection of mobile nodes without the help of a fixed infrastructure or centralized management. The mobile nodes allow communication among the nodes outside the wireless transmission range by hop to hop and the forward packets to each other. Due to dynamic infrastructure-less nature and lack of centralized monitoring points, the ad hoc networks are vulnerable to attacks. The network performance and reliability is break by attacks on ad hoc network routing protocols. AODV is a important on-demand reactive routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. There is no any security provision against a “BlackvHole” and “Wormhole” attacks in existing AODV protocol. Black hole nodes are those malicious nodes that conform to forward packet to destination. But they do not forward packet intentionally to the destination node. The black hole nodes degrade the performance of network eventually by participating in the network actively. The propose watchdog mechanism detect the black hole nodes in a MANET. This method first detects a black hole attack in the network and then provide a new route to this node. In this, the performance of original AODV and modified AODV in the presence of multiple black hole nodes is find
out on the basis of throughput and packet delivery ratio. In a wormhole attack, intruders tunnel the data from one end of the network to the other, leading distant network nodes to trust they are neighbors’ and making them communicate through the wormhole link.
Do black holes exist
In this thesis firstly we study the effects of Black hole attack in MANET using both Proactive and Reactive routing protocols and then discovering a Secure Path in MANET by Avoiding Black/Gray Holes. The impact of Black Hole attack on the performance of MANET is evaluated finding out which protocol is more vulnerable to the attack and how much is the impact of the attack on both protocols. blackhole route
Unit 7
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks without a fixed infrastructure. Each node acts as both a host and a router, forwarding packets for other nodes. MANETs have dynamic topologies as nodes can move freely. They are used in applications like military operations, emergency response, and conferences. Routing in MANETs is challenging due to the dynamic topology. Common routing protocols for MANETs include DSDV, AODV, DSR, and ZRP. DSDV adds sequence numbers to distance vector routing to avoid loops from topology changes. DSR is an on-demand routing protocol where the source determines the complete path to the destination.
Enhanced Quality of Service Based Routing Protocol Using Hybrid Ant Colony Op...
The main problem of QoS routing is to setup a multicast hierarchy that may meet particular QoS constraint. In order to reduce the constraints of the earlier work a new improved technique is proposed in this work. In the proposed technique the issue of multi-cast tree is eliminated using clustering based technique. First of all multi-radio and multichannel based clustering is deployed and these cluster head are responsible
for the multicasting. It will diminish the overall energy consumption of nodes and complexity of intelligent algorithms. The path will be evaluated based upon the ant colony optimization. Thus it has produced better results than other techniques.
50120140501004
The document summarizes an algorithmic approach for detecting selfish and malicious nodes in cluster-based ad hoc wireless networks. It discusses:
1) Mobile ad hoc networks can have nodes that are selfish and refuse to forward packets to save energy or disrupt the network. Clustering is proposed to detect misbehavior within each cluster.
2) The algorithm classifies nodes into clusters, allowing each cluster head to detect false accusations within the cluster. It also describes how clusters are constructed.
3) A 2ACK scheme is proposed where the source node sends a packet to the first node, which forwards it to the next node. Each node then sends an ACK to the previous node. This detects misbehaving nodes that drop
“Reducing packet loss in manet”
This document summarizes a research paper on reducing packet loss in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The paper discusses how MANETs are vulnerable to various security threats like black hole attacks that can cause packet dropping. It evaluates existing authentication schemes like ACK-based schemes that have overhead issues. The paper then proposes a modified ACK-based scheme using finite state automata to overcome decision ambiguity and minimize packet dropping while authenticating nodes in the MANET. Simulation results show that the proposed approach improves packet delivery ratio, throughput and reduces routing load compared to not using secure authentication.
Efficient and stable route selection by using cross layer concept for highly...
Efficient and stable route selection by using cross layer concept for highly mobile network with predictive features by Rupali Singh, Gajendra Singh Dhakad
published in International Journal of Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4_November_2015
MOBILE IP ON MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS: AN IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUA...
Mobile computing devices equipped with transceivers form Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), when two
or more of these devices find themselves within transmission range. MANETs are stand-alone (no existing
infrastructure needed), autonomous networks that utilise multi-hop communication to reach nodes out of
transmitter range. Unlike infrastructure networks e.g. the Internet with fixed topology, MANETs are
dynamic. Despite the heterogeneous nature of these two networks, integrating MANETs with the Internet
extends the network coverage area of the Internet, and adds to the application domain of MANETs. One of
the many ways of combining MANETs with the Internet, is the use of Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile IP)
alongside a MANET routing protocol, to route packets between the Internet and the MANET, via Gateway
agents. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Mobile IP on MANET in Network Simulator 2 (NS2).
We have implemented Mobile IP on Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad hoc On-demand
Multiple Distance Vector (AOMDV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing
protocols, and compared performances based on Throughput, End-to-End Delay (E2ED), Packet Delivery
Ratio (PDR) and Normalized Packet Ratio (NPR). The simulation results suggest that, on-demand routing
within the MANET better serves Mobile IP on MANETs.
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This document summarizes research on mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how MANETs have dynamic, unpredictable topologies due to nodes' mobility. It also describes common security attacks on MANETs like black hole and gray hole attacks where nodes falsely claim to have the shortest path to drop packets. The document proposes a method to detect and isolate such attacks by having the sender switch routes after detecting an attack. It evaluates the method's performance using the same simulation scenarios and parameters used to simulate the attacks.
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A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a self configuring network which consists of
mobile nodes with no permanent infrastructure. In a MANETs, there is no difference between a host
node and a router so that all nodes can be source plus forwarders of traffic. The task of finding routes
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MANET has been around for more than two decades. Ad hoc network deployment, ability to cater emergent
requirements on-the-spot and providing infrastructure less utility makes Ad hoc networks a play field for
testing dynamics and applications. Wireless medium as medium for communication and lack of
centralized control renders MANETs a favorable victim of hackers and intruders. Other features like
change in the topology due to node’s movements, battery depletion at nodes and coverage hampering due
to obstacles in random terrains etc. adds to miseries of Ad hoc networks. With lots of proposals in recent
times to cater the routing and security requirements in Ad hoc, this works presents a review of historic and
current perspective in secure routing schemes in recent times.
SECURE ROUTING PROPOSALS IN MANETS: A REVIEW
MANET has been around for more than two decades. Ad hoc network deployment, ability to cater emergent
requirements on-the-spot and providing infrastructure less utility makes Ad hoc networks a play field for
testing dynamics and applications. Wireless medium as medium for communication and lack of
centralized control renders MANETs a favorable victim of hackers and intruders. Other features like
change in the topology due to node’s movements, battery depletion at nodes and coverage hampering due
to obstacles in random terrains etc. adds to miseries of Ad hoc networks. With lots of proposals in recent
times to cater the routing and security requirements in Ad hoc, this works presents a review of historic and
current perspective in secure routing schemes in recent times.
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Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks is one of the attractive research field that growing exponentially in the
last decade. it surrounded by much challenges that should be solved the improve establishment of such
networks. Failure of wireless link is considered as one of popular challenges faced by Mobile Ad-Hoc
Networks (MANETs). As this type of networks does not require any pre-exist hardware. As well as, every
node have the ability of roaming where it can be connected to other nodes dynamically. Therefore, the
network internal structure will be unpredictably changed frequently according to continuous activities
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model puts the functionality of routing operation in crucial angle in the area of research under mobile adhoc
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routing techniques to settle these challenges. Thereafter, tremendous amount of routing protocols proposed
to argue with ad-hoc nature. Thus, it is quite difficult to specify which protocols operate efficiently under
different mobile ad-hoc scenarios. This paper examines some of the prominent routing protocols that are
designed for mobile ad-hoc networks by describing their structures, operations, features and then
comparing their various characteristics.
Comparative Review for Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks is one of the attractive research field that growing exponentially in the
last decade. it surrounded by much challenges that should be solved the improve establishment of such
networks. Failure of wireless link is considered as one of popular challenges faced by Mobile Ad-Hoc
Networks (MANETs). As this type of networks does not require any pre-exist hardware. As well as, every
node have the ability of roaming where it can be connected to other nodes dynamically. Therefore, the
network internal structure will be unpredictably changed frequently according to continuous activities
between nodes that simultaneously update network topology in the basis of active ad-hoc nature. This
model puts the functionality of routing operation in crucial angle in the area of research under mobile adhoc
network field due to highly dynamic nature. Adapting such kernel makes MANET indigence new
routing techniques to settle these challenges. Thereafter, tremendous amount of routing protocols proposed
to argue with ad-hoc nature. Thus, it is quite difficult to specify which protocols operate efficiently under
different mobile ad-hoc scenarios. This paper examines some of the prominent routing protocols that are
designed for mobile ad-hoc networks by describing their structures, operations, features and then
comparing their various characteristics.
Performance and statistical analysis of ant colony route in mobile ad-hoc ne...
Research on mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) is increasing in popularity due to its rapid, budget-friendly, and easily altered implementation, and relevance to emergencies such as forest firefighting and health care provisioning. The main concerns that ad-hoc networks face is dynamic topology, energy usage, packet drop rate, and throughput. Routing protocol selection is a critical point to surmount alterations in topology and maintain quality in MANET networks. The effectiveness of any network can be vastly enhanced with a well-designed routing protocol. In recent decades, standard MANET protocols have not been able to keep pace with growing demands for MANET applications. The current study investigates and contrasts ant colony optimization (ACO) with various routing protocols. This paper compares ad-hoc on-demand multi-path distance vector (AOMDV), dynamic source routing protocol (DSR), ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV), and AntHocNet protocols regarding the quality of service (QoS) and statistical analysis. The current research aims to study the behavior of the state-of-the-art MANET protocols with the ACO technique. The ACO technique is a hybrid technique, integrating a reactive route maintaining technique with a proactive method. The reason and motivation for including the ACO algorithm in the current study is to improve by using optimization algorithms proved in other domains. The ACO algorithm appears to have substantial use in large-scale MANET simulation.
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This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Secure multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, offering energy efficient and secure multicast routing is a difficult and challenging task. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and use different mechanisms.
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Deterministic channel models have been widely used in simulation and modeling of ad hoc network for a long time. But, deterministic channel models are too simple to represent a real-world ad hoc network scenario. Recently, random channel models have drawn considerable attention of the researchers in this field. The results presented in the literature show that random channel models have a grave impact on the
performance of an ad hoc network. A comprehensive investigation on this issue is yet to be available in the
literature. In this investigation, we consider both deterministic and random channel models to investigate their effects on ad hoc networks. We consider two different types of routing protocols namely single path and multipath routing protocols. We choose Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR), and Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) as the single path routing protocols. On the other hand, we choose Ad-hoc On-Demand Multiple Path Distance Vector (AOMDV) as the multipath routing protocol. The results show that some single path routing protocol can outperform multipath routing protocol under both deterministic and random channel conditions. These results surprisingly contradict the popular claim that multipath routing protocol always outperforms single path routing protocol. A guideline for choosing an appropriate routing protocol for adhoc network has also been provided in this work.
3 a survey analysis on manet routing protocols and mobility models for variou...
3 a survey analysis on manet routing protocols and mobility models for variou...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Ad-hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure. It may connect hundreds to thousands of mobile nodes. The primary goal of such an ad-hoc network is correct and efficient route establishment between a pair of nodes so that message can be delivered easily and in a timely manner. The main objective of this paper is to address different MANET routing protocols and different types of mobility models used in MANETs. This paper also put emphasis on the work done by various researches using routing protocols and mobility models. This paper would be great help for the people who are conducting research for the problems in MANETs. Comparative Performance Evaluation of Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routin...
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Analysis of Multicast Routing Protocols: Puma and Odmrp
This document summarizes and compares two multicast routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: PUMA and ODMRP. It begins with an introduction to ad hoc networks and multicast routing. It then provides details on PUMA, a receiver-initiated protocol where receivers elect a core node to reduce flooding. PUMA establishes a mesh structure along shortest paths from the core to group members. ODMRP is a mesh-based protocol that maintains multiple paths between sources and receivers through periodic control messages. It is more resilient to failures but has higher overhead than PUMA. The document analyzes the algorithms, advantages, and disadvantages of each protocol.
BEHAVIOUR OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS INVESTIGATED FOR EME...
Mobile Ad hoc Networks are open, shared, dynamic and self-organized networks. These distinct nature
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order to share information within the network, a proper routing protocol is required to establish routes
between nodes. This article discusses which of the routing protocols such as reactive or proactive has
better performance in such scenario. In order to implement the test bed, we choose a real area in
Uttarakhand state, India where the disaster occurred recently hence so many civilizations had vanished
due to lack of communication and failure in recovery. Our aim is to choose an optimum routing protocol
that is correct and used for efficient route establishment between nodes so that message could be delivered
on time without loss and it will be implemented and used in future based on the model that we propose.
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This document contains sample questions for the CS6703 GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING Regulation 2013 exam. It includes multiple choice questions covering topics related to security in grid and cloud computing, including definitions of trust, certificate authorities, authorization models, transport layer security, identity management, data security, and privacy. It also includes short and long answer questions requiring explanations of authentication and authorization methods, grid and cloud security infrastructures, identity and access management architecture, and trust models.
GE6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING Unit 1
Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence – Character – Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional excellence and stress management.
Cs6703 grid and cloud computing unit 5
This document discusses security concepts related to grid and cloud computing, including trust models, authentication and authorization methods, and the grid security infrastructure (GSI). It describes reputation-based and PKI-based trust models, different authorization models, and the layers and functions of GSI, including message protection, authentication, delegation, and authorization. It also discusses risks and security concerns related to cloud computing.
Cs6703 grid and cloud computing unit 4 questions
This document contains sample questions for the subject "Grid and Cloud Computing". It includes questions ranging from 2 to 16 marks related to grid middleware packages like Condor-G, Sun Grid Engine, Globus GT4, Hadoop framework, HDFS, MapReduce and other associated concepts. The questions cover topics such as the components, advantages and usage of different middleware, file transfer mechanisms, job scheduling, data storage and processing using MapReduce.
Cs6703 grid and cloud computing unit 4
Open source grid middleware packages – Globus Toolkit (GT4) Architecture , Configuration – Usage of Globus – Main components and Programming model - Introduction to Hadoop Framework - Mapreduce, Input splitting, map and reduce functions, specifying input and output parameters, configuring and running a job – Design of Hadoop file system, HDFS concepts, command line and java interface, dataflow of File read & File write.
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It6601 mobile computing unit 4 questions
- 1. Dr Gnanasekaran Thangavel, Professor and Head, RMK College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai Page1 IT6601 MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT IV MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS 2 MARKS 1. Name any two characteristics of MANET. 2. Write any two design issues of MANET. 3. Differentiate ad hoc network and MANET. 4. What is VANET? 5. Name any two advantages of MANET. 6. Write any two limitations of MANET. 7. Name some operational constraints of MANET. 8. What is routing? 9. Why traditional routing not suitable for MANET? 10. Name any two limitations of Link state Protocol. 11. Differentiate Link State Protocol and Distance Vector Protocol. 12. What are three types of communications in a network? 13. Name any two popular MANET routing protocols. 8 MARKS 1. What is an ad hoc network? Why the traditional routing strategies cannot be deployed in a MANET straightaway? Compare the MANET routing strategies with the routing. 2. Define the characteristics of MANETs that are important determinants in the design of an effective ad hoc network. 3. Describe the applications of mobile ad hoc networks. 4. What are the important design constraints on a MANET? Explain the implications of these constraints. 5. What do you mean by dynamic topology of a MANET? What problems does it cause in the design of a routing protocol? How are these problems addressed in a popular MANET protocols? 6. What is “counting-to-infinity” problem? How is this problem addressed in a MANET? 7. What are the competing issues that are addressed by a routing protocol in a MANET? How are these achieved? 8. What do you mean by unicast, multicast and broadcast communications in a MANET? Give examples of typical applications of each of these types of communication. 9. What is a hybrid routing protocol? What is its advantage over the other classes of routing protocols? 10. Explain the working of the Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) routing protocol using suitable examples. 11. Explain how the security threats in MANETs are different from a wired network. 12. Explain Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). Clearly highlight the route discovery and route maintenance operations. 13. Write short notes on: (a) Characteristics of a secure ad-hoc network (b) Security attacks in ad-hoc networks 14. What is a VANET? Explain how does it differ from a Traditional MANET? Explain any one application of a VANET.
- 2. Dr Gnanasekaran Thangavel, Professor and Head, RMK College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai Page2 16 MARKS 1. Briefly explain why the traditional packet routing protocols for wired networks cannot be used straightaway in a MANET. Discuss how the routing protocols for traditional wired networks have been extended to work in a MANET. 2. Discuss why routing is a more challenging problem in MANETs when compared to wired networks. Explain the different types of routing protocols in MANETs. 3. Briefly explain the important classes of MANET routing protocols and compare their relative advantages with respect to network overhead, routing quality and routing time. For slideshare presentations visit http://www.slideshare.net/drgst/presentations