Presented by Hiwot Desta, Biruk Alemu, WoWielandle Kinati, Annet Mulema and Barbara Wieland at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
Zoonotic diseases in livestock—Mitigating risk behaviourILRI
This document discusses zoonotic diseases in livestock and strategies for mitigating risk behaviors. It notes that understanding livestock keeping traditions and roles is important for preventing disease transmission. Women play a large role in small ruminant management in Ethiopia, including caring for sick animals. However, awareness of zoonoses is low. For example, boiling milk is not common practice among the Borana people in Ethiopia due to traditions and perceptions that it destroys nutrients or makes milk "dead". However, small, culturally sensitive changes and improved communication around prevention, detection and treatment of diseases could help mitigate risks.
Urban perspectives on zoonotic diseases in livestockILRI
Eric Fèvre discussed urban perspectives on zoonotic diseases from livestock. He explained that urbanization is creating interfaces where pathogens can be transmitted from livestock to humans. His research in Nairobi examines the livestock value chain and uses E. coli as a model to map transmission routes from farms to households through landscape genetics. Understanding how people and pathogens move through the urban system can help predict and manage emerging disease risks.
A critical social analysis of poverty and zoonotic disease riskNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Jo Sharp of the University of Glasgow at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
One Health for the Real World: partnerships and pragmatismNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Sarah Cleaveland of the University of Glasgow at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Framework for assessing the economic costs and burdens of zoonotic diseaseILRI
Presented by Alexandra Shaw, Ian Scoones, Melissa Leach, Francis Wanyoike and Delia Grace at the EcoHealth 2014 conference, Montreal, Canada, 11-14 August 2014.
This document discusses malaria facts, effects, actions taken to address it, and challenges faced. It notes that in 2008, 247 million malaria cases and 655,000 deaths occurred, mostly in African children under 5. Malaria causes 20% of childhood deaths in Africa and claims thousands of lives in Brazil yearly. Young children, pregnant women, and those with HIV/AIDS are most at risk. Organizations working to reduce malaria include USAID, RBM, WHO, UNICEF, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which invests in research despite facing financial challenges to deliver vaccines and medicine.
This document summarizes key facts and statistics about malaria around the world. It notes that in 2008, there were 247 million cases of malaria and nearly 1 million deaths, mostly among children in Africa. Several organizations are working to fight malaria, including USAID, WHO, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Individuals can help by raising awareness on World Malaria Day and by advocating for better health and hygiene globally.
Zoonotic diseases in livestock—Mitigating risk behaviourILRI
This document discusses zoonotic diseases in livestock and strategies for mitigating risk behaviors. It notes that understanding livestock keeping traditions and roles is important for preventing disease transmission. Women play a large role in small ruminant management in Ethiopia, including caring for sick animals. However, awareness of zoonoses is low. For example, boiling milk is not common practice among the Borana people in Ethiopia due to traditions and perceptions that it destroys nutrients or makes milk "dead". However, small, culturally sensitive changes and improved communication around prevention, detection and treatment of diseases could help mitigate risks.
Urban perspectives on zoonotic diseases in livestockILRI
Eric Fèvre discussed urban perspectives on zoonotic diseases from livestock. He explained that urbanization is creating interfaces where pathogens can be transmitted from livestock to humans. His research in Nairobi examines the livestock value chain and uses E. coli as a model to map transmission routes from farms to households through landscape genetics. Understanding how people and pathogens move through the urban system can help predict and manage emerging disease risks.
A critical social analysis of poverty and zoonotic disease riskNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Jo Sharp of the University of Glasgow at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
One Health for the Real World: partnerships and pragmatismNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Sarah Cleaveland of the University of Glasgow at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Framework for assessing the economic costs and burdens of zoonotic diseaseILRI
Presented by Alexandra Shaw, Ian Scoones, Melissa Leach, Francis Wanyoike and Delia Grace at the EcoHealth 2014 conference, Montreal, Canada, 11-14 August 2014.
This document discusses malaria facts, effects, actions taken to address it, and challenges faced. It notes that in 2008, 247 million malaria cases and 655,000 deaths occurred, mostly in African children under 5. Malaria causes 20% of childhood deaths in Africa and claims thousands of lives in Brazil yearly. Young children, pregnant women, and those with HIV/AIDS are most at risk. Organizations working to reduce malaria include USAID, RBM, WHO, UNICEF, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which invests in research despite facing financial challenges to deliver vaccines and medicine.
This document summarizes key facts and statistics about malaria around the world. It notes that in 2008, there were 247 million cases of malaria and nearly 1 million deaths, mostly among children in Africa. Several organizations are working to fight malaria, including USAID, WHO, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Individuals can help by raising awareness on World Malaria Day and by advocating for better health and hygiene globally.
Understanding zoonotic impacts: the added value from One Health approachesNaomi Marks
This document discusses the benefits of mass vaccination programs for animal diseases that can infect humans (zoonoses).
It first presents data showing that mass vaccinating 25 million livestock animals in Mongolia against brucellosis would provide over $30 million in total societal benefits, including public health benefits, private health benefits, reduced household income loss, and agricultural benefits.
It then uses a mathematical model to show that mass dog vaccination is less costly than human post-exposure prophylaxis for controlling rabies transmission between dogs and humans.
Finally, it references a study that found an approach combining dog and human vaccination for rabies control in N'Djaména to be more cost-effective than human
Malaria remains a significant global health issue, with young children and pregnant women being most at risk. In 2008, there were over 247 million malaria cases worldwide resulting in nearly one million deaths, mostly among African children. Several organizations are working to reduce the burden of malaria, including USAID, Roll Back Malaria, WHO, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation which funds malaria prevention and control programs. Raising awareness through events like World Malaria Day and improving sanitation and hygiene are also important strategies in fighting the disease.
The document summarizes various statistics related to poverty, access to water and sanitation, disease, child labor, malnutrition, and illiteracy around the world. Nearly half of the world's population lives on less than $2 per day, while over 1 billion people live in extreme poverty, surviving on less than $1 daily. Additionally, over 800 million people lack access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities. Diseases caused by unsafe water and lack of hygiene claim millions of lives each year. Many other statistics outline the widespread issues of child labor, malnutrition, and lack of education faced globally.
The document discusses the challenges faced by HIV-positive youth in Kisumu, Kenya, including poverty, lack of family support, stigma, and discrimination in schools and healthcare settings. HIV infection rates in Kisumu are high, with over 12,000 new cases reported in 2013. Fear of disclosure, stigma, poverty, mental health issues, and lack of support networks can prevent youth from continuing healthcare and lead to poor outcomes. The pandemic affects individuals, communities, and countries through loss of life and skills.
Maternal Health Care Availability In The Developing WorldCaitlin Mabe
Maternal mortality rates are significantly higher in developing countries compared to industrialized nations, with 1 in 76 pregnancies in developing areas ending in death versus 1 in 8,000 in industrialized countries. One of the Millennium Development Goals aims to reduce maternal mortality by 75% by 2015 through improving access to family planning, antenatal care, and empowering women's control of their reproductive health. However, factors like cultural practices, travel times to hospitals, wait times to see doctors, and lack of healthcare resources limit access to care, especially in rural areas. While urban populations have closer proximity to care, poverty still prevents many urban women from receiving adequate maternal healthcare. Expanding healthcare resources and making care culturally acceptable and
Doctors Without Borders (MSF) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1971 that provides medical assistance in areas affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters, or lack of healthcare access. With over 65,000 staff worldwide, MSF is guided by principles of medical ethics to ensure quality care, patient confidentiality, and prioritizing the patient's health. MSF operates numerous programs for medical services, research, logistics, and more to assist vulnerable populations around the world.
Venezuela is facing a triple threat of HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria due to an unprecedented humanitarian crisis created by the government's denial of problems and classification as an upper-middle income country. The health system has collapsed with 76% of essential drugs absent, increasing child mortality, and epidemics of measles and diphtheria. Malaria cases have increased 205% since 2000, especially affecting indigenous communities who are not receiving adequate treatment. HIV/AIDS treatment is also lacking, with only 27% of pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals in August 2017. Key populations and indigenous groups have little data on infections but studies show high HIV prevalence with limited access to care.
Understanding maternal and child healthcarecuretips24
When it comes to understanding maternal healthcare, a lot of factors need to be taken into consideration. Another report reveals that the past decades have displayed a tremendous decline in the maternal mortality ratio.
Act Against AIDS Leadership Initiative Community Art Project zamaka7
Share knowledge. Take Action. Description of community art project for National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day 2014 lead by Farmworker Justice.
The Real World: One Health - zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeingNaomi Marks
Opening keynote presentation by Professor Jeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome Trust, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Dr. Kavuludi presented to Idaho State University Medical Students in more depth than the dinner address.
Warning: this presentation is a medical presentation and includes graphic pictures of the body that is not suitable for children or sensitive audiences.
HIV/AIDS is caused by the HIV virus and weakens the immune system. It can be transmitted from mother to child and has spread dramatically in some areas. This has led to problems like decreased school attendance and more orphaned children who have to take care of sick family members. The most affected area is Africa where many people have died or lived with health issues due to HIV/AIDS.
Livestock and human health: The good, the bad, the gapsILRI
Livestock can impact human health both positively and negatively. On the negative side, most human diseases originate in animals, emerging infectious diseases tend to be zoonotic, and overuse of drugs in animals can lead to antibiotic resistance in humans. However, animal source foods also provide important nutrition that helps prevent disease. A "One Health" approach is needed to manage complex interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health. Knowledge gaps remain regarding risk assessment, emerging disease management, and applying multisectoral cooperation in practice.
Dr. Kavuludi was well received by Boise area Rotary clubs who have helped support Genesis World Mission's efforts. The Burangi project already has an established connection to the Malindi Kenya Rotary.
Social entrepreneurship first emerged in the 1960s and 1970s to promote social change. Today, non-profits, foundations, governments, and individuals work to fund and advise social entrepreneurs worldwide. While social entrepreneurship aims to create both social and economic value, its definition remains unclear and overlaps with other fields. However, this lack of definition provides an opportunity for researchers from different disciplines to rethink key concepts.
Action Against Hunger is a global humanitarian organization that focuses on tackling the causes and effects of hunger. They served over 14 million people in 50 countries last year. Their programs are highly effective, with 93 cents of every dollar going towards direct humanitarian aid. Undernutrition affects over 800 million people globally and is a leading cause of child deaths, though it is predictable, preventable and treatable. For almost 40 years, Action Against Hunger has been leading the fight against hunger in nearly 50 countries, saving lives and helping communities become self-sufficient. In 2016 alone, they improved food security for over 2.6 million people worldwide.
The document summarizes a study on measuring women's potential for food security and market empowerment in Senegal using a human development and capabilities approach. The study finds that the World Food Programme's (WFP) data collection and analysis in Senegal lacks relevant gender analysis, missing opportunities to improve food security equitably. It recommends adapting the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index to shift WFP's conceptual framework towards human development and empowerment, in order to make interventions more efficient, equitable and promote gender equality and food sovereignty. Failing to incorporate appropriate gender analysis risks reinforcing inequality.
Gender roles in ruminant disease management in Uganda and implications for co...ILRI
Poster by Jane Namatovu, Peter Lule, Marsy Asindu, Zoë A. Campbell, Henry Kiara, Bernard Bett, Kristina Roesel and Emily Ouma presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
Impact of small ruminant diseases on different household members in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Barbara Wieland, Biruk Alemu, Hiwot Desta, Wole Kinati, Shiferaw Tafesse, Anouka Van Eerdewijk and Annet A. Mulema at the First joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016
One Health research at ILRI to address neglected tropical diseases, zoonoses ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee, Johanna Lindahl, Thang Nguyen, Bernard Bett, Eric Fèvre, Sothyra Tum, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Arshnee Moodley and Delia Grace at a webinar by the One Health Collaborating Center Universitas Gadjah Mada, ‘World Zoonoses Day 2020: Lessons learned and future directions’, 7 July 2020.
Malaria parasitaemia and socioeconomic status of selected residents of Emohua...IOSRJPBS
The document summarizes a study that investigated the prevalence of malaria and socioeconomic status of residents in Emohua Community, Rivers State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 200 subjects aged 0-17 years old and tested for malaria parasites. The main findings were:
1) The overall malaria prevalence was 53%, with higher rates among females, young children aged 0-6 years, and individuals from lower socioeconomic classes.
2) Subjects not using mosquito nets or using untreated nets had higher infection rates compared to those using treated nets.
3) Most individuals had non-formal education and sought treatment from patent drug sellers rather than hospitals. Treatment-seeking behaviors differed based on education levels.
Presentation by Delia Grace, Bernard Bett, Christine Atherstone, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Sinh Dang-Xuan at the Australian Veterinary Association Annual Conference, Perth, Australia, 5–10 May 2019.
Understanding zoonotic impacts: the added value from One Health approachesNaomi Marks
This document discusses the benefits of mass vaccination programs for animal diseases that can infect humans (zoonoses).
It first presents data showing that mass vaccinating 25 million livestock animals in Mongolia against brucellosis would provide over $30 million in total societal benefits, including public health benefits, private health benefits, reduced household income loss, and agricultural benefits.
It then uses a mathematical model to show that mass dog vaccination is less costly than human post-exposure prophylaxis for controlling rabies transmission between dogs and humans.
Finally, it references a study that found an approach combining dog and human vaccination for rabies control in N'Djaména to be more cost-effective than human
Malaria remains a significant global health issue, with young children and pregnant women being most at risk. In 2008, there were over 247 million malaria cases worldwide resulting in nearly one million deaths, mostly among African children. Several organizations are working to reduce the burden of malaria, including USAID, Roll Back Malaria, WHO, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation which funds malaria prevention and control programs. Raising awareness through events like World Malaria Day and improving sanitation and hygiene are also important strategies in fighting the disease.
The document summarizes various statistics related to poverty, access to water and sanitation, disease, child labor, malnutrition, and illiteracy around the world. Nearly half of the world's population lives on less than $2 per day, while over 1 billion people live in extreme poverty, surviving on less than $1 daily. Additionally, over 800 million people lack access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities. Diseases caused by unsafe water and lack of hygiene claim millions of lives each year. Many other statistics outline the widespread issues of child labor, malnutrition, and lack of education faced globally.
The document discusses the challenges faced by HIV-positive youth in Kisumu, Kenya, including poverty, lack of family support, stigma, and discrimination in schools and healthcare settings. HIV infection rates in Kisumu are high, with over 12,000 new cases reported in 2013. Fear of disclosure, stigma, poverty, mental health issues, and lack of support networks can prevent youth from continuing healthcare and lead to poor outcomes. The pandemic affects individuals, communities, and countries through loss of life and skills.
Maternal Health Care Availability In The Developing WorldCaitlin Mabe
Maternal mortality rates are significantly higher in developing countries compared to industrialized nations, with 1 in 76 pregnancies in developing areas ending in death versus 1 in 8,000 in industrialized countries. One of the Millennium Development Goals aims to reduce maternal mortality by 75% by 2015 through improving access to family planning, antenatal care, and empowering women's control of their reproductive health. However, factors like cultural practices, travel times to hospitals, wait times to see doctors, and lack of healthcare resources limit access to care, especially in rural areas. While urban populations have closer proximity to care, poverty still prevents many urban women from receiving adequate maternal healthcare. Expanding healthcare resources and making care culturally acceptable and
Doctors Without Borders (MSF) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1971 that provides medical assistance in areas affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters, or lack of healthcare access. With over 65,000 staff worldwide, MSF is guided by principles of medical ethics to ensure quality care, patient confidentiality, and prioritizing the patient's health. MSF operates numerous programs for medical services, research, logistics, and more to assist vulnerable populations around the world.
Venezuela is facing a triple threat of HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria due to an unprecedented humanitarian crisis created by the government's denial of problems and classification as an upper-middle income country. The health system has collapsed with 76% of essential drugs absent, increasing child mortality, and epidemics of measles and diphtheria. Malaria cases have increased 205% since 2000, especially affecting indigenous communities who are not receiving adequate treatment. HIV/AIDS treatment is also lacking, with only 27% of pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals in August 2017. Key populations and indigenous groups have little data on infections but studies show high HIV prevalence with limited access to care.
Understanding maternal and child healthcarecuretips24
When it comes to understanding maternal healthcare, a lot of factors need to be taken into consideration. Another report reveals that the past decades have displayed a tremendous decline in the maternal mortality ratio.
Act Against AIDS Leadership Initiative Community Art Project zamaka7
Share knowledge. Take Action. Description of community art project for National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day 2014 lead by Farmworker Justice.
The Real World: One Health - zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeingNaomi Marks
Opening keynote presentation by Professor Jeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome Trust, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Dr. Kavuludi presented to Idaho State University Medical Students in more depth than the dinner address.
Warning: this presentation is a medical presentation and includes graphic pictures of the body that is not suitable for children or sensitive audiences.
HIV/AIDS is caused by the HIV virus and weakens the immune system. It can be transmitted from mother to child and has spread dramatically in some areas. This has led to problems like decreased school attendance and more orphaned children who have to take care of sick family members. The most affected area is Africa where many people have died or lived with health issues due to HIV/AIDS.
Livestock and human health: The good, the bad, the gapsILRI
Livestock can impact human health both positively and negatively. On the negative side, most human diseases originate in animals, emerging infectious diseases tend to be zoonotic, and overuse of drugs in animals can lead to antibiotic resistance in humans. However, animal source foods also provide important nutrition that helps prevent disease. A "One Health" approach is needed to manage complex interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health. Knowledge gaps remain regarding risk assessment, emerging disease management, and applying multisectoral cooperation in practice.
Dr. Kavuludi was well received by Boise area Rotary clubs who have helped support Genesis World Mission's efforts. The Burangi project already has an established connection to the Malindi Kenya Rotary.
Social entrepreneurship first emerged in the 1960s and 1970s to promote social change. Today, non-profits, foundations, governments, and individuals work to fund and advise social entrepreneurs worldwide. While social entrepreneurship aims to create both social and economic value, its definition remains unclear and overlaps with other fields. However, this lack of definition provides an opportunity for researchers from different disciplines to rethink key concepts.
Action Against Hunger is a global humanitarian organization that focuses on tackling the causes and effects of hunger. They served over 14 million people in 50 countries last year. Their programs are highly effective, with 93 cents of every dollar going towards direct humanitarian aid. Undernutrition affects over 800 million people globally and is a leading cause of child deaths, though it is predictable, preventable and treatable. For almost 40 years, Action Against Hunger has been leading the fight against hunger in nearly 50 countries, saving lives and helping communities become self-sufficient. In 2016 alone, they improved food security for over 2.6 million people worldwide.
The document summarizes a study on measuring women's potential for food security and market empowerment in Senegal using a human development and capabilities approach. The study finds that the World Food Programme's (WFP) data collection and analysis in Senegal lacks relevant gender analysis, missing opportunities to improve food security equitably. It recommends adapting the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index to shift WFP's conceptual framework towards human development and empowerment, in order to make interventions more efficient, equitable and promote gender equality and food sovereignty. Failing to incorporate appropriate gender analysis risks reinforcing inequality.
Gender roles in ruminant disease management in Uganda and implications for co...ILRI
Poster by Jane Namatovu, Peter Lule, Marsy Asindu, Zoë A. Campbell, Henry Kiara, Bernard Bett, Kristina Roesel and Emily Ouma presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
Impact of small ruminant diseases on different household members in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Barbara Wieland, Biruk Alemu, Hiwot Desta, Wole Kinati, Shiferaw Tafesse, Anouka Van Eerdewijk and Annet A. Mulema at the First joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016
One Health research at ILRI to address neglected tropical diseases, zoonoses ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee, Johanna Lindahl, Thang Nguyen, Bernard Bett, Eric Fèvre, Sothyra Tum, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Arshnee Moodley and Delia Grace at a webinar by the One Health Collaborating Center Universitas Gadjah Mada, ‘World Zoonoses Day 2020: Lessons learned and future directions’, 7 July 2020.
Malaria parasitaemia and socioeconomic status of selected residents of Emohua...IOSRJPBS
The document summarizes a study that investigated the prevalence of malaria and socioeconomic status of residents in Emohua Community, Rivers State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 200 subjects aged 0-17 years old and tested for malaria parasites. The main findings were:
1) The overall malaria prevalence was 53%, with higher rates among females, young children aged 0-6 years, and individuals from lower socioeconomic classes.
2) Subjects not using mosquito nets or using untreated nets had higher infection rates compared to those using treated nets.
3) Most individuals had non-formal education and sought treatment from patent drug sellers rather than hospitals. Treatment-seeking behaviors differed based on education levels.
Presentation by Delia Grace, Bernard Bett, Christine Atherstone, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Sinh Dang-Xuan at the Australian Veterinary Association Annual Conference, Perth, Australia, 5–10 May 2019.
A team of veterinarians and public health students from the U.S. and Uganda worked with Veterinarians Without Borders to study trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) in humans and livestock in Moyo, Uganda. They collected blood samples from over 800 people and 1500 cattle to test for trypanosomiasis and other diseases. Their results found 127 human cases and 98 cattle cases of trypanosomiasis. In 9 households both humans and cattle tested positive, with little difference between male and female cases. While cattle were the only livestock found to be infected, the results were not significant enough to determine relationships between animal and human disease transmission. Improved surveillance, treatment access and t
This document summarizes the global burden of tuberculosis (TB) in 2011. Some key points:
- An estimated 1.4 million people died from TB that year, with over 80% of TB/HIV co-infections occurring in Africa.
- TB incidence rates were highest in Africa, linked to high HIV infection rates. People living with HIV are 20-40 times more likely to develop active TB.
- About 630,000 cases of multi-drug resistant TB were estimated, with over 60% occurring in 5 countries: India, China, Russia, Philippines, and Pakistan.
- 500,000 women and 65,000 children died from TB in 2011, and 10 million children were left orphaned
The document summarizes a study on the etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among refugees and host populations in Lebanon. Some key findings:
- Viruses accounted for 81% of lower respiratory tract infections, with influenza alone causing 30%. Vaccine-preventable pathogens contributed to 43% of cases.
- Etiologies varied between seasons and by age, suggesting treatment guidelines may need to change. It was difficult to determine the likelihood of viral vs. bacterial infections without point-of-care testing.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for only 6% of cases, compared to higher rates in other studies. Pneumococcal vaccination started in 2016 and covered 44% of S
The document discusses the threat of agroterrorism in Southeast Asia. It defines agroterrorism and outlines several animal diseases that could be used for this purpose, including foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza, Rift Valley fever, and Ebola. It notes the vulnerability of the region's livestock industry and food system. Several viruses are highlighted as potential bioweapons, such as Zika, that could have devastating economic and public health impacts through the agricultural sector. Close monitoring is needed to prevent the deliberate or accidental spread of dangerous diseases.
26th International Papillomavirus Conference: Satellite Symposium
Enhancing HPV Prevention among Indigenous Populations: International Perspectives on Health and Well-Being
Montreal, Quebec
July 5, 2010
Opening Address
Impact of neglected diseases on animal productivity and public health in AfricaILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Mwansa Songe and Theo Knight-Jones at the 21st conference of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) regional commission for Africa, Rabat, Morocco, 16-20 February 2015.
This study evaluated the prevalence of malaria parasite among pregnant and non pregnant women attending Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri Imo State Nigeria within the age range of 21-50 years. The molecular identification and speciation of the malaria parasites were carried out using different diagnostic techniques. The blood samples were analyzed using microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results using the microscopy for pregnant women was 181(90.5%) and for non pregnant women, it was 185(92.5%) within the age range of under 21, 41 and above. The result of RDT for pregnant women was 58(32.0%) and for non pregnant women were 46(24.9%). However, the age group of pregnant women that had the highest occurrence of malaria using microscopy was (21-25yrs) with 100% of persons tested positive and (41-45yrs) with 78.8% had the lowest occurrence. For non pregnant women, the age group that had the highest occurrence of malaria parasite was (31-35yrs) with 95.3%of persons reporting tested reporting positive while, (21-25yrs) with 84.6% had the lowest occurrence. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used for the speciation of the parasites and the result revealed that Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women within the ages of 46-50yrs had the highest (96.0%) prevalent followed by Plasmodium vivax for women within the ages of 21-25yrs had the highest (13.6%) occurrence, Plasmodium malariae for women within the ages 21-25yrs and had the highest (9.4%) occurrence. In this study, Polymerase Chain Reaction was very sensitive, takes more large samples at a time and specific for both P. falciparum and non falciparum Plasmodium infections and has many diagnostic advantages over microscopy. Out of 400 venous blood samples collected from both pregnant and non-pregnant women, 27 blood samples had mixed malaria parasite infections. Therefore, following this study, it will be recommended that we urge the pharmaceutical companies to improve on the manufacturing of broad-spectrum antimalarial drugs to cover all species of Plasmodium as it’s done with antimicrobials not only concentrating on the drugs for the treatment of P. falciparum alone.
Miranda effective surveillance for rabies elimination 2016 miranda for subm...Perez Eric
Effective surveillance strategies are needed for human and canine rabies elimination programs. Traditional surveillance involves systematically collecting and analyzing health information from official reports, hospital records, and laboratories. Innovative surveillance leverages non-traditional sources like social media and community reporting to detect outbreaks faster. A One Health approach integrating human, animal, and environmental surveillance is important for zoonotic diseases like rabies. Regional cooperation is also critical for rabies elimination given the risk of reintroduction from neighboring endemic countries. Surveillance guidelines and cross-border control strategies can support coordinated regional rabies elimination efforts.
A gendered analysis of constraints to cattle production in Ijara KenyaILRI
This study analyzed constraints to cattle production in Ijara sub-county, Kenya from the perspectives of men and women livestock keepers. Through focus group discussions and interviews using participatory methods, diseases, drought, and wildlife were identified as the top constraints. Both men and women ranked diseases as the most important constraint, though women also ranked drought highly. Trypanosomosis and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia were perceived to have the greatest impact on livelihoods. The study found differences in how men and women viewed constraints and recommends that interventions consider both perspectives to effectively address gaps.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Simon Ndungu Nyokabi at the Euroleague for Life Sciences Scientific Student Conference 2014 on bio-security risks, perceptions, and control of zoonotic diseases along meat and milk value chains. The presentation discusses the importance of zoonotic diseases, defines biosecurity, outlines the livestock value chain, presents a case study of Bura sub-county in Kenya, and considers future trends and implications. Key findings from the case study include poor sanitation, lack of biosecurity measures, high disease prevalence, and low knowledge of transmission risks. Recommendations include improved surveillance, climate change adaptation, and a one health approach to control zoonotic diseases.
The Infectious Diseases of East Africa Livestock (IDEAL) ILRI
The IDEAL project was a 3-year study of 500 calves in western Kenya that monitored the calves for multiple infectious diseases from birth to one year. Over 60 pathogens were identified with calves typically co-infected with an average of 6 pathogens. The project found that co-infections can reduce growth rates by interacting to increase or decrease disease impacts. Mortality from infectious diseases was 13% with three diseases (ECF, haemonchosis and heartwater) accounting for two-thirds of deaths. The project trained students, provided technical skills to staff, and shared findings with the local community to build capacity in the region.
HIV Epidemiology: Progress, challenges and Human Rights implications Vih.org
This document summarizes trends in the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and discusses the link between epidemiology and human rights. It finds that while new infections and deaths have decreased due to prevention efforts, human rights abuses continue to impede epidemiological understanding and response. Vulnerable groups like migrants, men who have sex with men, and injecting drug users face disproportionate risks due to criminalization and lack of targeted programming. Strengthening health information systems and promoting universal human rights access are seen as essential to further containing the epidemic.
This document provides an overview of tropical medicine and global health issues. It discusses diseases that disproportionately impact those living in tropical regions, including neglected tropical diseases. It also covers non-communicable diseases, trauma, urbanization, vector-borne diseases, influenza, avian influenza, measles, malaria, Ebola virus disease, and long-term consequences of the 2014-2015 West Africa Ebola outbreak. Health worker migration is also briefly discussed. The document contains detailed information on the transmission, epidemiology, and impact of various tropical and global health challenges.
Similar to Awareness of zoonoses among smallholder livestock producers in Ethiopia (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
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Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
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Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
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Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
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Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Awareness of zoonoses among smallholder livestock producers in Ethiopia
1. Awareness of zoonoses among smallholder
livestock producers in Ethiopia
Hiwot Desta, Biruk Alemu, Wole Kinati, Annet Mulema and
Barbara Wieland
15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and
Economics Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
2. Background
• Small ruminants key for livelihoods of smallholder farmers
• Close interactions of people with livestock
• High level of zoonotic diseases
3. Division of labour
How important are livestock-keeping cultures
and traditions in the transmission of zoonoses?
4. Objectives
This study aimed at
• Understand the risk of exposure to different zoonoses
by different household members
• Assess awareness of zoonoses among household
members
• Identify the zoonosis risks related to division of labour
in livestock management
5. Materials and methods
o 92 FGDs conducted with
women, men, young women
and young men in Oromia,
Tigray, Amhara and SNNPR
regions
o Participatory tools: simple
ranking and proportional
piling
o Disease priorities
o Division of labour
6. Materials and methods
Household survey
o 430 households involved
o 217 men and 213 women
interviewed
o Questions on zoonoses knowledge
o Diseases that transmit from animals to
people
o Transmission pathways
7. Results FGDs
Disease Priorities
• Coenurosis, respiratory diseases, sheep
and goat pox, fasciolosis and foot rot
were the most important diseases
• Only few zoonoses mentioned among
important diseases:
• Anthrax and Orf by 21 FGD each
o 9 men and 12 women FGD
mentioned Anthrax
o 11 men and 10 women FGD
mentioned Orf
8. Reasons for prioritizing disease
risk of disease transmission to people
rarely mentioned as a reason for
prioritizing (9 FGDs): more often by
women FGD, and FGDs in pastoralist
areas
9. Low awareness of zoonotic diseases was confirmed in the
household survey:
• 197 (45.8%) of respondents were aware and able to name a
zoonotic disease
o 100 (50.8%) were men
o 97 (49.2%)were women
Household survey
Awareness of zoonotic diseases and transmission
11. Division of labour
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Slaughter
Assist delivery
Breeding
Marketing
Herding
Coordinate veterinary input
Caring for sick animals
Cleaning barns
Feeding and watering
Contribution of men and women to small ruminant management in
Ethiopia
(score out of 20, other household members not shown)
Women Men
12. Zoonosis and division of labor
Brucellosis, Chlamydiosis, Q fever,
Anthrax, Orf
Campylobacter, Orf
Anthrax, Salmonella, E coli
13. Zoonosis and division of labor
Toxoplasmosis, Q fever,
Anthrax, Leptospirosis Anthrax, Leptospirosis,
Campylobacter
Chlamydiosis, Q fever, Anthrax, Orf
The above practices, in addition to poor knowledge,
lead to occupational exposure and foodborne zoonotic
risks
15. Conclusions
• Low awareness of zoonoses in general and the transmission
ways
• Mode of disease transmission often have gender dimensions in
relation to division of labour
• There is a need for improving household's knowledge of
zoonoses and associated risks
• Improve awareness on the risks of transmission and promote
behavior change towards zoonotic disease transmission risk
o Knowledge alone not sufficient (p.e. Anthrax)
o Community conversation as a gender transformative approach
promising results so far
16. Acknowledgements
This work was supported by IFAD SmaRT Project, Africa RISING Project, and
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock
Implemented in partnership with
• ICARDA, Regional Research Centers (DBARC, SDARC, YPDARC,
BongaARC, AbergelleARC, BakoARC, ArekaARC), Mada Walabu
University and Agricultural Offices in the project sites
17. better lives through livestock
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