Isomerism - Structural Isomerisms in Organic compoundsDr Venkatesh P
Structural Isomerism in Organic compounds - Chain Isomerism, Positional Isomerism, Functional Isomerism, Metamerism and Tautomerism explained with suitable examples. In Introduction, Definition of Isomerism and Stereoisomerism given simply to understand the difference between Structural and Stereo isomerism.
https://youtu.be/a0snq_oz50A
This power point presentation make your learning more effective and easy. This presentation gives you the complete information about isomerism and its types.
Isomerism - Structural Isomerisms in Organic compoundsDr Venkatesh P
Structural Isomerism in Organic compounds - Chain Isomerism, Positional Isomerism, Functional Isomerism, Metamerism and Tautomerism explained with suitable examples. In Introduction, Definition of Isomerism and Stereoisomerism given simply to understand the difference between Structural and Stereo isomerism.
https://youtu.be/a0snq_oz50A
This power point presentation make your learning more effective and easy. This presentation gives you the complete information about isomerism and its types.
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural or spatial arrangements of the atoms within the molecule. The reason there are such a colossal number of organic compounds which is more than 10 million is partly due to isomerism.
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural or spatial arrangements of the atoms within the molecule. The reason there are such a colossal number of organic compounds which is more than 10 million is partly due to isomerism.
Isomerism
History
In the year 1827, chemistry scholar Friedrich Woehler prepared cyanic acid and got surprised that the chemical composition of the formed substance was identical to the fulminic acid but the properties of this acid are very much different. This finding created shockwaves in the science scholar community as at that time it was considered that chemical compounds can only have different properties if they have different elemental
One of the most essential features of organic molecules is their propensity compositions. After some discoveries of some sort, this was considered a scientific phenomenon and Jacob Berzelius named this phenomenon Isomerism.
What is isomerism?
to show isomerism. Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties are known as isomers, and this property of a compound is known as Isomerism.
Types of Isomerism
Isomerism can be classified into two categories as follows:
• Structural or constitutional isomerism
• Stereoisomerism
Structural Isomerism
The constitution of a molecule refers to the quantity, kind, and connection of its atoms. The structural isomers or constitutional isomers differ in the connection of their atoms, and this phenomenon is known as structural isomerism. It is also known as constitutional isomerism.
Because they have the same molecular formula, ethanol, and dimethyl ether are isomers. C2H6O. Because the atoms in each chemical are bonded differently, they are structural isomers. The following are some examples of structural isomerism in various forms:
• Chain isomerism
• Position isomerism
• Functional isomerism
• Metamerism
• Tautomerism
• Ring chain isomerism
Chain Isomerism
Chain isomers are isomeric substances that differ solely in the arrangement of carbon atoms in the base chain, and chain isomerism is isomerism between them. The carbon atom chain or skeleton differs amongst isomers of this type.
Carbon atoms can be arranged in a straight or branched chain. Chain isomerism does not exist in molecules comprising up to three carbon atoms since they are a continuous chain with no chance of branching. It is demonstrated for compounds with four or more carbon atoms.
• Chain isomerism in alkanes: Alkanes containing four or more carbon atoms. For example, Two chain isomers are represented by the chemical formula C4H10.
• Chain isomerism in alkenes: When writing chain isomers for alkenes, the position of the double bond should not be modified. For example, Two chain isomers are represented by the chemical formula C4H8.
Position Isomerism
Position isomerization is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more compounds differ in the position of a component atom or functional group on the carbon skeleton.
C3H8O, for example, is made up of two alcohols:
Functional Isomerism
Two or more molecules with the same chemical formula but distinct functional groups are called functional isomers. Functional isomerism is the term for this occurrence.
ISOMERISM
IN ORGANIC COMPOUND
BY SHIVAM SHARMA
(BWU/BTS/20/122)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Definition of Isomerism
INTRODUCTION
01
TYPES OF ISOMERISM
Types of Isomerism in a chart.
02
IN DETAILS
All the types explained in detail.
03
End of Presentation
04
INTRODUCTION
Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same
chemical formula but different chemical structures.
Chemical compounds that have identical chemical formulae but differ in properties
and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule are called isomers. Therefore, the
compounds that exhibit isomerism are known as isomers.
The word “isomer” is derived from the Greek words “isos” and “meros”, which mean
“equal parts”.
This term was coined by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius in the year 1830.
Structural Isomerism
Structural isomerism is commonly referred to as constitutional isomerism.
The functional groups and the atoms in the molecules of these isomers are linked in
different ways.
Different structural isomers are assigned different IUPAC names since they may or
may not contain the same functional group.
The different types of structural isomerism are discussed in this subsection.
Chain Isomerism
It is also known as skeletal isomerism.
The components of these isomers display differently branched structures.
Commonly, chain isomers differ in the branching of carbon
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2. DEFINITION
Two or more compounds having the
same molecular formula but different
structural formulas and properties are
said to be isomers and the phenomenon
is called isomerism.
3. As the number of carbon atoms in a
hydrocarbon increases, the number
of possible isomers increase very
rapidly.
IMPORTANT NOTE
4. TYPES OF ISOMERISM
1) Structural Isomerism
2) Cis-trans Isomerism or Geometric Isomerism
5. STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM
DEFINITION
The structural isomerism arises due to the difference in the arrangement of atoms
within the molecule. The structural isomerism can be exhibited in five different ways.
CH3 –CH2 –CH2 –CH2 –CH3
n-pentane
CH3 –CH2 –CH –CH3
CH3
iso-pentane
CH3 – C–CH3
CH3
neo-pentane
CH3
6. TYPES OF STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM
5. Tautomerism
4. Metamerism
1. The Chain Isomerism.
2. Position Isomerism.
3. Functional Group Isomerism.