The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1298 by Osman I, who made Bursa his capital. The Ottomans controlled important trade routes between Europe, Asia, and Africa, bringing wealth that funded further conquests. They adopted Sunni Islam and built a strong military. In the early 14th century, the Ottomans expanded into Europe, taking Gallipoli in 1354 and making Edirne their new capital. They defeated the Serbian Empire in 1389 and the Bulgarian Empire in 1393, gaining control of the Balkans. However, their expansion was briefly halted when they suffered a major defeat against the Mongols in the early 15th century.

1. The beginnings of the
Ottoman Empire

2. Establishment of the
Empire
• The ottoman empire was founded by the Seljuk Turk Osman 1,
who ruled from 1298 to 1326.
• Osman captured Bursa from byzantine at1326 and made it his
capital.
• The ottomans were in position took part in major trading
routes:
• Europe and china by the Silk Road.
• India by land and sea
• Africa along the pilgrimage routes to mecca.
• Profits from trade brought money to wage wars.
• Trade brought ideas and technology, such as the use of
cannons.

3. Adoption of Sunni in
Islam
• The ottomans were like neighbours to the east and south that
followed Islam.
• The ottomans were Sunni
• The branch of the religion (Sunni) was more tolerant to
Christians and Jews.

4. Military
• Ottomans had a strong military tradition they had developed
soldiers for Persia.
• Ottomans set up their own state and were able to defend their
self against the Mongols from the east.

5. Early expansion of the
empire
• Ottomans took possessions of Christian state on eastern side of
the black sea.
• The ottomans couldn’t move further into Europe while
Dardanelles were in Christian hands, controlled access to black
sea.
• Suleiman, Orhan’s son, also laid restriction to Gallipoli.
• Earthquake on the night of 1-2 March 1354 destroyed walls of
Gallipoli fortress and Suleiman quickly occupied the fort and
conquered the region.
• Ottomans captured Byzantine city of Edirne, became their capital.
• Brought an end to Serbian Empire at the battle of Kosovo in 1389.
• Brought an end to Bulgarian Empire at the battle of Trnovo in
1393.

6. Defeat by the Mongols
• Ottoman expansion came to a stop at the start of the fifteenth
century with a conflict on eastern border.
• Mongols ruled an empire that stretched across Asia, from Iraq
to India.
• Ottoman Sultan was Bayezid.
• The opposite forces met in Ankara, Ottoman suffered a serious
defeat and Bayezid was captured as well as killed.

7. QUESTION
4) From a study of Source 1, explain the part that
trade played in Bursa, Edirne and Constantinople
becoming major cities.
Location of the three areas are really convenient,
this meant that major trade was happening
because these areas have sea and land close by.
In result, they had more money which meant
more war.

8. QUESTION
5) Place the following dates on a timeline and
match them with an event examined in this
spread:
1298 1326 1354 1389 1393
Ottoman Empire
was found by
Seljuk Turk.
An
earthquake
at night on
the 1-2
March
destroyed
the walls of
Gallipoli
fortress.
Ottomans
advanced
into Balkans
bringing an
end to the
Serbia
Empire.
Under Osman's
successor Orhan,
the Ottomans
began taking
possession on the
eastern side at the
Black Sea.
Bringing the
end to the
Bulgarian
Empire at the
battle of
Trnovo.