The document studies the mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer concrete using calcium hydroxide as a replacement for fly ash. Fly ash and calcium hydroxide were used to synthesize geopolymeric binders to prepare structural grade concrete. Specimens with different calcium hydroxide replacements were tested and results showed compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths increased up to 2% replacement but decreased after 2.5%. The optimum calcium hydroxide replacement for fly ash was determined to be 2%.
IRJET- A Study on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document studies the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete where Portland cement is fully replaced with fly ash and alkaline liquids. Different molarities of sodium hydroxide solution were used to prepare concrete mixes, which were then subjected to sunlight curing and tested after 7 and 28 days to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that the strengths increased with higher molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution and with increased curing time.
IRJET- A Basic Study on Calcium Carbide Aerated Geopolymer with Pozzolanic Po...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on producing aerated geopolymer concrete using calcium carbide as the aerating agent. The geopolymer was produced using a combination of fly ash and rice husk ash activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Calcium carbide was added at various percentages and reacts with water to produce acetylene gas bubbles, reducing the density. Specimens with calcium carbide additions from 1-5% were tested for density, water absorption, and compressive strength. Results showed minimum densities near 1300kg/m3, water absorption under 14%, and maximum strengths with 2% calcium carbide. The study demonstrated calcium carbide is a viable aerating agent for geopoly
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Reinforced Concrete Containing GGBFSIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on reinforced concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a cement replacement. Beams made of M40 grade concrete with 30% and 40% GGBFS replacement were tested under flexure. The study evaluated the performance of plain concrete and reinforced concrete beams with different reinforcement ratios. The concrete mixtures had water-cement ratios of 0.35 and 0.40. Beams were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and durability at ages of 28 and 56 days. Test results are presented and discussed. The study aimed to assess how GGBFS affects the behavior and properties of reinforced concrete beams.
IRJET- An Expermental Study on Self Compacting Concrete by Replacing by Marbl...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigates the use of marble sludge powder and quarry rock dust to replace river sand in self-compacting concrete. Mix designs are developed to create self-compacting concrete using varying replacements of river sand with these industrial wastes. Tests are performed on fresh and hardened concrete to evaluate properties like flowability, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength. The results show that partial replacements of up to 50% river sand with quarry rock dust and 20% marble sludge powder produce self-compacting concrete with comparable or improved strength and flowability properties compared to normal concrete. Using these industrial wastes helps reduce construction costs and environmental impacts of waste disposal.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Micro-Silica and Ultrafine Fly Ash in High Gra...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a comparative analysis of using micro-silica and ultrafine fly ash in high-strength concrete mixtures to improve workability and compressive strength while optimizing costs.
2) Five concrete mix designs were tested with varying amounts of micro-silica and ultrafine fly ash as supplementary cementitious materials. Workability tests and compressive strength tests at various ages were performed.
3) The results showed that mixes containing 50kg of micro-silica or ultrafine fly ash achieved the highest early strengths but were not the most cost-effective. The mix with 40kg of micro-silica met strength requirements and had a lower cost than the original mix design.
IRJET- A Basic Study on Fly Ash Lime Gypsum Composite with Sodium Carbonate a...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on modifying the properties of Fly Ash Lime Gypsum (FAL-G) composite by adding sodium carbonate and sodium silicate admixtures. The study tested FAL-G mixtures with 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% additions of sodium carbonate and sodium silicate for density, water absorption, and compressive strength. The results showed that sodium carbonate improved the density and reduced the water absorption at all percentages, and increased compressive strength up to 5%. Sodium carbonate was found to be a better admixture for FAL-G than sodium silicate based on the test results. The document provides background on FAL-G and the materials used, along
Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement by Silica Fume and Sand by Quarry Dus...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the effect of partially replacing cement with silica fume and sand with quarry dust on the strength and durability of concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 8-12% silica fume and 20-40% quarry dust replacements. Testing showed that 10% silica fume and 30% quarry dust replacements increased compressive strength the most at 18.5% over the control mix. This mix also demonstrated the highest durability with the lowest rapid chloride permeability. Workability decreased with higher silica fume and quarry dust content due to their finer particles and higher water absorption. The study concluded that using 10% silica fume and 30% quarry dust provided environmental and economic benefits over
Effect of Effective Porosity and Saturated Water Absorption on Rice Husk Ash-...IRJET Journal
- The document presents research on the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) and filtered sand (FS) on the durability properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC), specifically effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- Concrete mixtures with varying replacements of cement by RHA (5-20%) and sand by FS (0-100%) were tested. Test results found that RHA-FS SCC exhibited better durability performance than conventional concrete, with lower effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- The fresh properties of RHA-FS SCC, including slump flow, V-funnel time, and L-box blocking ratio, were found to meet EFNARC specifications for S
IRJET- A Study on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document studies the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete where Portland cement is fully replaced with fly ash and alkaline liquids. Different molarities of sodium hydroxide solution were used to prepare concrete mixes, which were then subjected to sunlight curing and tested after 7 and 28 days to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that the strengths increased with higher molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution and with increased curing time.
IRJET- A Basic Study on Calcium Carbide Aerated Geopolymer with Pozzolanic Po...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on producing aerated geopolymer concrete using calcium carbide as the aerating agent. The geopolymer was produced using a combination of fly ash and rice husk ash activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Calcium carbide was added at various percentages and reacts with water to produce acetylene gas bubbles, reducing the density. Specimens with calcium carbide additions from 1-5% were tested for density, water absorption, and compressive strength. Results showed minimum densities near 1300kg/m3, water absorption under 14%, and maximum strengths with 2% calcium carbide. The study demonstrated calcium carbide is a viable aerating agent for geopoly
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Reinforced Concrete Containing GGBFSIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on reinforced concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a cement replacement. Beams made of M40 grade concrete with 30% and 40% GGBFS replacement were tested under flexure. The study evaluated the performance of plain concrete and reinforced concrete beams with different reinforcement ratios. The concrete mixtures had water-cement ratios of 0.35 and 0.40. Beams were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and durability at ages of 28 and 56 days. Test results are presented and discussed. The study aimed to assess how GGBFS affects the behavior and properties of reinforced concrete beams.
IRJET- An Expermental Study on Self Compacting Concrete by Replacing by Marbl...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigates the use of marble sludge powder and quarry rock dust to replace river sand in self-compacting concrete. Mix designs are developed to create self-compacting concrete using varying replacements of river sand with these industrial wastes. Tests are performed on fresh and hardened concrete to evaluate properties like flowability, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength. The results show that partial replacements of up to 50% river sand with quarry rock dust and 20% marble sludge powder produce self-compacting concrete with comparable or improved strength and flowability properties compared to normal concrete. Using these industrial wastes helps reduce construction costs and environmental impacts of waste disposal.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Micro-Silica and Ultrafine Fly Ash in High Gra...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a comparative analysis of using micro-silica and ultrafine fly ash in high-strength concrete mixtures to improve workability and compressive strength while optimizing costs.
2) Five concrete mix designs were tested with varying amounts of micro-silica and ultrafine fly ash as supplementary cementitious materials. Workability tests and compressive strength tests at various ages were performed.
3) The results showed that mixes containing 50kg of micro-silica or ultrafine fly ash achieved the highest early strengths but were not the most cost-effective. The mix with 40kg of micro-silica met strength requirements and had a lower cost than the original mix design.
IRJET- A Basic Study on Fly Ash Lime Gypsum Composite with Sodium Carbonate a...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on modifying the properties of Fly Ash Lime Gypsum (FAL-G) composite by adding sodium carbonate and sodium silicate admixtures. The study tested FAL-G mixtures with 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% additions of sodium carbonate and sodium silicate for density, water absorption, and compressive strength. The results showed that sodium carbonate improved the density and reduced the water absorption at all percentages, and increased compressive strength up to 5%. Sodium carbonate was found to be a better admixture for FAL-G than sodium silicate based on the test results. The document provides background on FAL-G and the materials used, along
Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement by Silica Fume and Sand by Quarry Dus...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the effect of partially replacing cement with silica fume and sand with quarry dust on the strength and durability of concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 8-12% silica fume and 20-40% quarry dust replacements. Testing showed that 10% silica fume and 30% quarry dust replacements increased compressive strength the most at 18.5% over the control mix. This mix also demonstrated the highest durability with the lowest rapid chloride permeability. Workability decreased with higher silica fume and quarry dust content due to their finer particles and higher water absorption. The study concluded that using 10% silica fume and 30% quarry dust provided environmental and economic benefits over
Effect of Effective Porosity and Saturated Water Absorption on Rice Husk Ash-...IRJET Journal
- The document presents research on the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) and filtered sand (FS) on the durability properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC), specifically effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- Concrete mixtures with varying replacements of cement by RHA (5-20%) and sand by FS (0-100%) were tested. Test results found that RHA-FS SCC exhibited better durability performance than conventional concrete, with lower effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- The fresh properties of RHA-FS SCC, including slump flow, V-funnel time, and L-box blocking ratio, were found to meet EFNARC specifications for S
IRJET- Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash and F...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study evaluating the strength characteristics of concrete with partial replacements of cement with fly ash and fine aggregate with steel slag. Concrete cubes were cast with 0%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% replacements and tested after 7 and 28 days of curing. The optimum mix was found to be 0% cement replaced with fly ash and 20% fine aggregate replaced with steel slag, which achieved nearly 10% higher compressive strength than conventional concrete. Replacing more than 20% resulted in lower strengths. The study aims to promote the use of industrial wastes in concrete production to reduce environmental impacts.
IRJET- Study of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This study evaluated the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete and compared them to conventional cement concrete. Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete specimens were cast and tested for properties like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity after 7 days of curing. The test results showed that the geopolymer concrete exhibited higher strengths and elastic modulus than required code values for conventional cement concrete after the same curing period. However, geopolymer concrete workability was lower and required heat curing which can be addressed by adding cement. Overall, the study demonstrated that geopolymer concrete has potential to be a more sustainable alternative to cement concrete.
IRJET - Experimental Studies on Behaviour of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of geopolymer concrete. Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used to fully replace Ordinary Portland cement in producing geopolymer concrete mixtures. Testing showed that geopolymer concrete made from fly ash and GGBS had higher compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths compared to OPC concrete. Using a superplasticizer further increased the strengths. The study concluded that geopolymer concrete is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to OPC concrete that merits use in construction.
IRJET- Effect of M-Sand Replacement on Mechanical and Durability Properti...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the effect of replacing cement with silica fume and river sand with manufactured sand (M-Sand) on the mechanical and durability properties of high strength concrete. Concrete mixes were prepared by replacing cement with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% silica fume and river sand with 100% M-Sand. Testing showed that the 10% silica fume replacement mix achieved the highest compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. It also exhibited lower water absorption and moisture migration rates compared to the other mixes. The study concluded that partial replacement of cement with 10% silica fume and river sand with 100% M-Sand improves the mechanical and durability properties
Durability and Strength Characteristics of Bottom Ash ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of bottom ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. It begins with an abstract noting that bottom ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and can improve the qualities of concrete when used as an admixture or cement replacement. The document then provides details on mix design methods for bottom ash concrete, including Smith's method, Cannon's method, and others. It notes that bottom ash concrete can achieve comparable strengths to traditional Portland cement concrete up to 50N/mm2 at 28 days depending on the mix design and bottom ash properties. The document concludes with a description of Ghosh's mix design method for proportioning bottom ash concrete mixtures.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Effect of Neutralized Bauxite Waste (Neu...IRJET Journal
- The study investigates utilizing neutralized red mud (NRM), an industrial waste from aluminum production, as a partial replacement for cement in concrete.
- Concrete mixtures were made with 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacement of cement with NRM. Testing showed compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths increased up to 20% replacement compared to normal concrete.
- The optimum replacement was found to be 20%, providing higher strengths than normal concrete and a 10.24% cost savings, showing potential economic and environmental benefits of NRM utilization in concrete.
IRJET- Recycling of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete - ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated replacing fine aggregates in concrete with waste glass powder at various percentages by weight. Concrete mixtures were designed to achieve a target compressive strength of 31.5 MPa. Fine aggregates were replaced with 5%, 10%, 12%, and 20% waste glass powder. Specimens were tested for workability via slump and compaction factor tests and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. Results showed acceptable workability and higher compressive strengths up to 10% glass replacement compared to normal concrete. The study concluded waste glass can partially replace fine aggregates up to 10% by weight.
IRJET- Analysing the Effects of Industrial Effluent on Black Cotton SoilIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effects of industrial effluent on the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. Standard tests were conducted on soil samples mixed with effluent from dyeing industries. The results showed that addition of effluent inversely affected properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, maximum dry density, California bearing ratio, permeability and specific gravity. The liquid limit decreased by 35%, CBR value reduced from 3.49 to 1.459 (a 58% decrease), and permeability decreased by 36% with the addition of effluent. The study concluded that industrial effluent contamination adversely impacts the engineering behavior of black cotton soil.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer BricksIRJET Journal
- The document experimentally investigates geopolymer bricks made with fly ash as a primary material.
- Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that is usually released as pollution but can now be captured. It has pozzolanic properties and can replace Portland cement in concrete.
- The study mixes fly ash with clay soil in varying proportions to produce geopolymer bricks, using sodium hydroxide solution as an alkaline activator.
- The produced bricks are then tested and their physical and durability properties compared to conventional clay bricks. The goal is to develop a more sustainable brick that uses industrial waste and requires less land and emissions to produce.
IRJET- Combined Effects of Fly Ash and Ferro Sand on Properties of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of concrete using fly ash and ferro sand. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal power plants and ferro sand is a byproduct of the steel industry. The Taguchi method was used to design the experiments to determine the optimal mix proportions. Nine concrete mixes were tested according to an L9 orthogonal array, varying the percentage replacements of cement with fly ash (10%, 20%, 30%) and natural sand with ferro sand (15%, 30%, 50%). The fresh and hardened concrete properties tested included slump, unit weight, compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength. The results showed that fly ash decreases concrete strength while ferro sand increases strength. The
Experimental Study on Use of Fly Ash in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the use of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study examines the effects of replacing cement with different percentages of fly ash (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on the workability, setting time, compressive strength, and water content of concrete. Tests were conducted on different concrete mixes to evaluate the impact of partial cement replacement with fly ash on the properties of hardened concrete. The results indicate that fly ash can retard setting time and reduce water requirements but also decrease early compressive strength compared to plain cement concrete.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash and GGBS Based Geopoly...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the mechanical properties of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) based geopolymer concrete. Different mixes were prepared by replacing fly ash at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels with GGBS. The concrete was tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength at 3, 7 and 28 days of curing. Both oven curing at 60°C and ambient curing were used. The results showed that replacement of fly ash by GGBS eliminated the need for heat curing of geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete exhibited better mechanical properties than normal concrete and its strength developed rapidly at early ages, making
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash Cenospheres in Cement C...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into partially replacing cement with fly ash cenospheres in concrete. Experimental tests were conducted replacing cement at levels of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by mass. Compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength tests were performed on samples cured for 7 and 28 days. The results showed that replacing 8% of cement with cenospheres improved compressive strength by 11.69%, split tensile strength by 26.2%, and flexural strength by 33.73% compared to normal concrete. Replacing more than 8% of cement reduced strengths below design limits. Thus, the optimum replacement of cement with cenospheres was determined to be 8%
IRJET- Study on Strength Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Geopolymer Concrete ...IRJET Journal
This study examines the compressive strength and split tensile strength of geopolymer concrete produced by replacing fly ash (FA) with silica fume (SF) at percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the FA content. The concrete mixtures used sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline liquids in the geopolymerization process. The results showed that replacing up to 10% of the FA with SF increased the compressive strength and split tensile strength of the geopolymer concrete cured at 90°C and 150°C.
IRJET- Effect of Fly Ash on Fiber Reinforced Concrete-A Durability ApproachIRJET Journal
The document discusses an investigation into the durability of steel fiber reinforced concrete with fly ash when subjected to chemical attack by sulfuric acid. Concrete cubes were prepared with and without fly ash replacement and steel fibers. The cubes were tested for compressive strength after 28 days of curing and after 30 days of immersion in sulfuric acid. Results showed that steel fiber reinforced fly ash concrete exhibited the lowest loss of compressive strength of 15.4% after acid exposure, indicating it has better durability compared to the other concrete mixtures tested.
Experimental and Anlytical Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Opening...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the use of foundry sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in reinforced concrete beams. Foundry sand is a waste byproduct from metal casting industries. The study aims to utilize this waste material in concrete production. Concrete cubes and beams were cast using foundry sand replacements of 0-100% in increments of 10%. Beams were cast with a rounded rectangular opening. Testing found that a 40% replacement of foundry sand provided the maximum compressive strength. Beams were then cast using the 40% optimized mix and tested under two-point loading. Test results showed that foundry sand can be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, improving strength and providing an outlet for an
Study of Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partially Replacing Fine Aggrega...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust. Fine aggregate was replaced with quarry dust at intervals of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Mix proportions for M15 grade concrete were prepared according to Indian standards. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. Compressive strength increased marginally from 0% to 20% replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust. There was a slight decrease in compressive strength at 30% replacement. It was observed that addition of up to 20% quarry dust as a partial substitute for fine aggregate can enhance the properties of concrete and quarry dust can be used as a
IRJET- Using of Ferro-Chrome Slag as a Coarse Aggregate and Stone Dust as a F...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using ferrochrome slag as a coarse aggregate and stone dust as a fine aggregate in concrete. Ferrochrome slag is a waste material from ferrochrome production and stone dust comes from stone cutting plants. The study investigated the properties and performance of concrete when natural aggregates are partially or fully replaced. Concrete mixtures were designed and specimens were cast to test compressive strength, split tensile strength, and other properties at 7 and 28 days. The results were compared to conventional concrete to evaluate the use of these industrial byproducts in concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and GGBS in Co...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigates the impact of partially replacing cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in concrete. Cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast with 0%, 10%, and 20% replacements of cement with SCBA and GGBS. The specimens were tested after 7 and 28 days to determine their compression, split tensile, and flexural strengths. The results showed that concrete with 10-20% replacements had higher strengths compared to normal concrete without replacements. Additionally, the workability of concrete increased with higher SCBA and GGBS content replacements. Therefore, partially replacing cement with these waste materials improves the properties and reduces the cost of
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of Severe Environmental Exposure on Properties of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the effect of severe environmental exposure on the properties of geopolymer concrete. The study developed geopolymer concrete with fly ash as the binder material activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Specimens were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength after curing and after immersion in 5% sulfuric acid for periods of time. Results showed geopolymer concrete achieved compressive strengths from 32-38 MPa and had higher residual strengths after acid exposure compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete. The study aimed to evaluate the durability and acid resistance of fly ash geopolymer concrete.
IRJET- Properties of Geopolymer Concrete using Granite Powder as Partial Repl...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the properties of geopolymer concrete using granite powder as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. Granite powder, a waste material from stone cutting and polishing industries, was used to replace fine aggregate at 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% by weight. Fly ash was used as the geopolymer binder, activated by an alkaline solution of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Concrete mixtures were tested for mechanical properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days of curing. Durability properties like sorptivity were also evaluated. The results showed that replacement of fine aggregate with granite powder up to 40% improved the mechanical properties compared
IRJET- Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash and F...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study evaluating the strength characteristics of concrete with partial replacements of cement with fly ash and fine aggregate with steel slag. Concrete cubes were cast with 0%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% replacements and tested after 7 and 28 days of curing. The optimum mix was found to be 0% cement replaced with fly ash and 20% fine aggregate replaced with steel slag, which achieved nearly 10% higher compressive strength than conventional concrete. Replacing more than 20% resulted in lower strengths. The study aims to promote the use of industrial wastes in concrete production to reduce environmental impacts.
IRJET- Study of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This study evaluated the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete and compared them to conventional cement concrete. Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete specimens were cast and tested for properties like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity after 7 days of curing. The test results showed that the geopolymer concrete exhibited higher strengths and elastic modulus than required code values for conventional cement concrete after the same curing period. However, geopolymer concrete workability was lower and required heat curing which can be addressed by adding cement. Overall, the study demonstrated that geopolymer concrete has potential to be a more sustainable alternative to cement concrete.
IRJET - Experimental Studies on Behaviour of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of geopolymer concrete. Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used to fully replace Ordinary Portland cement in producing geopolymer concrete mixtures. Testing showed that geopolymer concrete made from fly ash and GGBS had higher compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths compared to OPC concrete. Using a superplasticizer further increased the strengths. The study concluded that geopolymer concrete is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to OPC concrete that merits use in construction.
IRJET- Effect of M-Sand Replacement on Mechanical and Durability Properti...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the effect of replacing cement with silica fume and river sand with manufactured sand (M-Sand) on the mechanical and durability properties of high strength concrete. Concrete mixes were prepared by replacing cement with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% silica fume and river sand with 100% M-Sand. Testing showed that the 10% silica fume replacement mix achieved the highest compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. It also exhibited lower water absorption and moisture migration rates compared to the other mixes. The study concluded that partial replacement of cement with 10% silica fume and river sand with 100% M-Sand improves the mechanical and durability properties
Durability and Strength Characteristics of Bottom Ash ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of bottom ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. It begins with an abstract noting that bottom ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and can improve the qualities of concrete when used as an admixture or cement replacement. The document then provides details on mix design methods for bottom ash concrete, including Smith's method, Cannon's method, and others. It notes that bottom ash concrete can achieve comparable strengths to traditional Portland cement concrete up to 50N/mm2 at 28 days depending on the mix design and bottom ash properties. The document concludes with a description of Ghosh's mix design method for proportioning bottom ash concrete mixtures.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Effect of Neutralized Bauxite Waste (Neu...IRJET Journal
- The study investigates utilizing neutralized red mud (NRM), an industrial waste from aluminum production, as a partial replacement for cement in concrete.
- Concrete mixtures were made with 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacement of cement with NRM. Testing showed compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths increased up to 20% replacement compared to normal concrete.
- The optimum replacement was found to be 20%, providing higher strengths than normal concrete and a 10.24% cost savings, showing potential economic and environmental benefits of NRM utilization in concrete.
IRJET- Recycling of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete - ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated replacing fine aggregates in concrete with waste glass powder at various percentages by weight. Concrete mixtures were designed to achieve a target compressive strength of 31.5 MPa. Fine aggregates were replaced with 5%, 10%, 12%, and 20% waste glass powder. Specimens were tested for workability via slump and compaction factor tests and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. Results showed acceptable workability and higher compressive strengths up to 10% glass replacement compared to normal concrete. The study concluded waste glass can partially replace fine aggregates up to 10% by weight.
IRJET- Analysing the Effects of Industrial Effluent on Black Cotton SoilIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effects of industrial effluent on the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. Standard tests were conducted on soil samples mixed with effluent from dyeing industries. The results showed that addition of effluent inversely affected properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, maximum dry density, California bearing ratio, permeability and specific gravity. The liquid limit decreased by 35%, CBR value reduced from 3.49 to 1.459 (a 58% decrease), and permeability decreased by 36% with the addition of effluent. The study concluded that industrial effluent contamination adversely impacts the engineering behavior of black cotton soil.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer BricksIRJET Journal
- The document experimentally investigates geopolymer bricks made with fly ash as a primary material.
- Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that is usually released as pollution but can now be captured. It has pozzolanic properties and can replace Portland cement in concrete.
- The study mixes fly ash with clay soil in varying proportions to produce geopolymer bricks, using sodium hydroxide solution as an alkaline activator.
- The produced bricks are then tested and their physical and durability properties compared to conventional clay bricks. The goal is to develop a more sustainable brick that uses industrial waste and requires less land and emissions to produce.
IRJET- Combined Effects of Fly Ash and Ferro Sand on Properties of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of concrete using fly ash and ferro sand. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal power plants and ferro sand is a byproduct of the steel industry. The Taguchi method was used to design the experiments to determine the optimal mix proportions. Nine concrete mixes were tested according to an L9 orthogonal array, varying the percentage replacements of cement with fly ash (10%, 20%, 30%) and natural sand with ferro sand (15%, 30%, 50%). The fresh and hardened concrete properties tested included slump, unit weight, compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength. The results showed that fly ash decreases concrete strength while ferro sand increases strength. The
Experimental Study on Use of Fly Ash in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the use of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study examines the effects of replacing cement with different percentages of fly ash (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on the workability, setting time, compressive strength, and water content of concrete. Tests were conducted on different concrete mixes to evaluate the impact of partial cement replacement with fly ash on the properties of hardened concrete. The results indicate that fly ash can retard setting time and reduce water requirements but also decrease early compressive strength compared to plain cement concrete.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash and GGBS Based Geopoly...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the mechanical properties of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) based geopolymer concrete. Different mixes were prepared by replacing fly ash at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels with GGBS. The concrete was tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength at 3, 7 and 28 days of curing. Both oven curing at 60°C and ambient curing were used. The results showed that replacement of fly ash by GGBS eliminated the need for heat curing of geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete exhibited better mechanical properties than normal concrete and its strength developed rapidly at early ages, making
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash Cenospheres in Cement C...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into partially replacing cement with fly ash cenospheres in concrete. Experimental tests were conducted replacing cement at levels of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by mass. Compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength tests were performed on samples cured for 7 and 28 days. The results showed that replacing 8% of cement with cenospheres improved compressive strength by 11.69%, split tensile strength by 26.2%, and flexural strength by 33.73% compared to normal concrete. Replacing more than 8% of cement reduced strengths below design limits. Thus, the optimum replacement of cement with cenospheres was determined to be 8%
IRJET- Study on Strength Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Geopolymer Concrete ...IRJET Journal
This study examines the compressive strength and split tensile strength of geopolymer concrete produced by replacing fly ash (FA) with silica fume (SF) at percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the FA content. The concrete mixtures used sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline liquids in the geopolymerization process. The results showed that replacing up to 10% of the FA with SF increased the compressive strength and split tensile strength of the geopolymer concrete cured at 90°C and 150°C.
IRJET- Effect of Fly Ash on Fiber Reinforced Concrete-A Durability ApproachIRJET Journal
The document discusses an investigation into the durability of steel fiber reinforced concrete with fly ash when subjected to chemical attack by sulfuric acid. Concrete cubes were prepared with and without fly ash replacement and steel fibers. The cubes were tested for compressive strength after 28 days of curing and after 30 days of immersion in sulfuric acid. Results showed that steel fiber reinforced fly ash concrete exhibited the lowest loss of compressive strength of 15.4% after acid exposure, indicating it has better durability compared to the other concrete mixtures tested.
Experimental and Anlytical Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Opening...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the use of foundry sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in reinforced concrete beams. Foundry sand is a waste byproduct from metal casting industries. The study aims to utilize this waste material in concrete production. Concrete cubes and beams were cast using foundry sand replacements of 0-100% in increments of 10%. Beams were cast with a rounded rectangular opening. Testing found that a 40% replacement of foundry sand provided the maximum compressive strength. Beams were then cast using the 40% optimized mix and tested under two-point loading. Test results showed that foundry sand can be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, improving strength and providing an outlet for an
Study of Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partially Replacing Fine Aggrega...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust. Fine aggregate was replaced with quarry dust at intervals of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Mix proportions for M15 grade concrete were prepared according to Indian standards. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. Compressive strength increased marginally from 0% to 20% replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust. There was a slight decrease in compressive strength at 30% replacement. It was observed that addition of up to 20% quarry dust as a partial substitute for fine aggregate can enhance the properties of concrete and quarry dust can be used as a
IRJET- Using of Ferro-Chrome Slag as a Coarse Aggregate and Stone Dust as a F...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using ferrochrome slag as a coarse aggregate and stone dust as a fine aggregate in concrete. Ferrochrome slag is a waste material from ferrochrome production and stone dust comes from stone cutting plants. The study investigated the properties and performance of concrete when natural aggregates are partially or fully replaced. Concrete mixtures were designed and specimens were cast to test compressive strength, split tensile strength, and other properties at 7 and 28 days. The results were compared to conventional concrete to evaluate the use of these industrial byproducts in concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and GGBS in Co...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigates the impact of partially replacing cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in concrete. Cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast with 0%, 10%, and 20% replacements of cement with SCBA and GGBS. The specimens were tested after 7 and 28 days to determine their compression, split tensile, and flexural strengths. The results showed that concrete with 10-20% replacements had higher strengths compared to normal concrete without replacements. Additionally, the workability of concrete increased with higher SCBA and GGBS content replacements. Therefore, partially replacing cement with these waste materials improves the properties and reduces the cost of
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of Severe Environmental Exposure on Properties of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the effect of severe environmental exposure on the properties of geopolymer concrete. The study developed geopolymer concrete with fly ash as the binder material activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Specimens were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength after curing and after immersion in 5% sulfuric acid for periods of time. Results showed geopolymer concrete achieved compressive strengths from 32-38 MPa and had higher residual strengths after acid exposure compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete. The study aimed to evaluate the durability and acid resistance of fly ash geopolymer concrete.
IRJET- Properties of Geopolymer Concrete using Granite Powder as Partial Repl...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the properties of geopolymer concrete using granite powder as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. Granite powder, a waste material from stone cutting and polishing industries, was used to replace fine aggregate at 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% by weight. Fly ash was used as the geopolymer binder, activated by an alkaline solution of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Concrete mixtures were tested for mechanical properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days of curing. Durability properties like sorptivity were also evaluated. The results showed that replacement of fine aggregate with granite powder up to 40% improved the mechanical properties compared
Use of Silica Fume in Concrete Partially Replacement By Cement” -A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into using silica fume as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Silica fume is a byproduct of silicon production that can improve the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The study involved casting concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders with 0-20% replacements of cement with silica fume. Testing at 7, 14, and 28 days found that compressive, tensile, and flexural strength peaked at a 15% replacement, with higher replacements reducing strength. The results indicate that silica fume can increase concrete strength when used as a partial cement replacement up to 15%.
IRJET- Characteristic Strength of Polymer Impregnated ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents research on improving the strength and durability of concrete by impregnating it with epoxy resin. Conventional concrete specimens and epoxy impregnated concrete specimens were tested under compression, flexure, and splitting tension at 28 days. Test results showed the impregnated concrete had significantly higher strengths - compressive strength was 32.8-33.1 MPa compared to 27.8-27.9 MPa for conventional concrete, flexural strength was 13.7-14.25 MPa compared to 8.25-8.75 MPa, and splitting tensile strength was 3.81-3.96 MPa compared to 2.78-2.91 MPa. The
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Lightweight Foamed Concrete with Silica ...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates lightweight foamed concrete with silica fume and polypropylene fibers. Three mix designs are tested with 0%, 15%, and 30% replacements of silica fume. Specimens are cured for 7, 28, and 56 days and then tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and density. Results show that higher silica fume replacement leads to higher compressive strength at earlier ages. Mix 3 with 30% silica fume replacement achieves the highest compressive strength of 20N/mm2 at 56 days. In conclusion, the combination of silica fume and fly ash improves both the strength and workability of foamed concrete.
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containin...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength and durability of recycled aggregate concrete containing silica fume as a partial replacement for cement. Tests were performed on concrete mixes with 0-50% replacement of natural coarse aggregates with recycled aggregates. The results showed that up to 30% replacement, the concrete achieved similar strength as conventional concrete. Beyond 30%, strength decreased. Initial surface absorption and sorptivity increased with higher replacement levels. However, recycled aggregate concrete performed well in ultrasonic pulse velocity tests. The optimum replacement of natural aggregates was found to be 30%.
INVESTIGATION ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE KERB STONEIRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into using geopolymer concrete for kerb stones as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is made from alumino-silicate materials like fly ash instead of cement, reducing the environmental impact. The study aims to develop a drain-integrated kerb system using fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with varying amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate replacement. Materials were tested and mix proportions were designed for M-40 grade concrete. Specimens were cast and cured, then tested for compressive and flexural strength. Results showed that geopolymer concrete with 0% RAP replacement had the highest strengths compared to mixes with 50% and
IRJET- Effect on Steel Slag Concrete using Silica Fume along with FlyashIRJET Journal
This document discusses research into using steel slag, fly ash, and silica fume in concrete mixtures to improve strength and durability. It conducted experiments replacing portions of cement with fly ash or silica fume. Results showed additions of these materials increased strength and reduced porosity of concrete. Mixtures containing equal parts fly ash and silica fume performed best, with compressive strength increasing as replacement amounts rose. The study aims to utilize industrial byproducts like steel slag and improve sustainability of concrete.
EFFECT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING FINE AGGREGATE AS PARTIAL R...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of using fly ash as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants and its utilization remains low. The study designs concrete mixes with fly ash replacing fine sand at percentages between 46-54%. The compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity of the concrete mixes are then tested at 7 and 28 days. The results are analyzed to understand the impact of different fly ash replacement levels on the mechanical properties of concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE DURABILITY BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WI...IRJET Journal
This study examines the durability of concrete with partial replacement of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA). Cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast with 0% and 10% SCBA replacement by weight of cement to produce M25 grade concrete. The specimens were tested at 28, 56, and 90 days for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. Testing showed that 10% SCBA replacement concrete had higher strengths compared to the control mix at all ages. Additionally, acid and sulfate resistance tests were conducted to determine the performance of SCBA concrete under various exposure conditions.
IRJET- Studies on Geopolymer Concrete with GGBS as Partial Replacement to...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on geopolymer concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for fly ash. Various mixtures of geopolymer concrete were prepared by replacing fly ash with GGBS at percentages from 0% to 100%. Sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions at molarities of 8M, 10M and 12M were used as alkaline activators. Specimens were oven cured and tested for mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength at 14 and 28 days. Test results showed that mechanical properties were highest for a mixture with 12M alkaline activator concentration and 100% GGBS replacement of fly ash. The
Effect of Limewater on the Properties of Binary Blended Cementitious CompositeIRJET Journal
This document studied the effect of limewater on the properties of cement mixtures containing silica fume. Tests were conducted on cement mixtures with 0-50% replacement of cement with silica fume, and mixing with either water or saturated limewater. Using limewater increased both initial and final setting times compared to water. Compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength were highest with 30% silica fume replacement and limewater mixing, showing increases of 34.7%, 60.96%, and 46.91% respectively over the control mixture without silica fume or limewater at 28 days. In conclusion, limewater improved the mechanical properties of cement mixtures with 30% silica fume replacement.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Strength Assessment of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the strength of fly ash-based geopolymer matrices with the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Different mixes were tested with varying ratios of fly ash to GGBS. The compressive strength was highest at 28 days for a mix with 20% fly ash and 80% GGBS, reaching 21.35 MPa. Heat curing at 80°C was found to significantly increase the strength compared to ambient curing. The addition of GGBS was found to improve the early strength and compressive strength of the geopolymer mixes. Microstructural analysis showed that GGBS addition led to increased connectivity between aggregates and the geopolymer gel.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Fly Ash based Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation into the properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. The study developed mixture proportions for geopolymer concrete and tested samples at 7, 28, and 56 days to determine compressive strength. Three mixture designs (G35-T1, G35-T2, G35-T3) were tested and compared to a conventional concrete mixture (M35). The 56-day compressive strengths of G35-T3 were found to be similar to or slightly higher than M35. G35-T3 with 16M alkali activator solution and curing at 60°C for 24 hours produced compressive strengths above the target 35 MPa and was determined
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OFCONCRETE BY REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGAT...IRJET Journal
- The document presents the results of an experimental study evaluating the effects of replacing fine aggregate with granite powder and cement with Alccofine-1203 on the properties of concrete.
- Testing found that replacing 15% of cement with Alccofine-1203 and 15% of fine aggregate with granite powder (mixture K3) increased the compressive strength of the concrete by 32% at 7 days, 34% at 14 days, and 42% at 28 days compared to normal concrete.
- Mixture K3 also increased the tensile and flexural strengths of the concrete the most compared to other mixtures tested at 7, 14, and 28 days.
Study of partial replacement of cement by barite powder and silica fume in se...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of partially replacing cement with barite powder and silica fume on the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete. Specimens of M30 grade self-compacting concrete were prepared by replacing cement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% levels with barite powder and silica fume added at one-fourth the barite powder level. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of the specimens were tested after 7 and 28 days of curing and compared with a control specimen. The results showed that compressive strength generally increased up to 15% replacement, beyond which it started decreasing, while split tensile strength followed a similar trend.
An Experimental Study on Strength of Concrete by Using Red Mud as Partial Rep...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on using red mud as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Red mud is a waste product generated during the Bayer process of refining bauxite into alumina. Four concrete mixes were tested with red mud replacing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the cement. Compressive strength was tested on concrete cubes at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength increased when red mud replacement was increased from 0% to 10%, but decreased at 15% replacement. It was concluded that red mud can effectively replace up to 10% of cement while still meeting strength standards, providing an environmentally friendly way to utilize this industrial waste product.
IRJET - Fly Ash Interlocking Brick by using Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
1) The document presents research on developing interlocking bricks using geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional concrete bricks.
2) Geopolymer concrete is made from fly ash, chemicals like sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and has similar engineering properties as Portland cement concrete but with lower environmental impact.
3) The researchers created molds to cast geopolymer concrete bricks in different sizes and shapes to interlock. Testing showed the bricks had sufficient compressive strength and were more lightweight and eco-friendly than traditional clay bricks.
IRJET- Study on Strength of Timbercrete BlocksIRJET Journal
This study investigated the properties of timbercrete blocks made with partial replacements of sawdust for fine aggregate. Sawdust was replaced at rates of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight of fine aggregate. Solid blocks measuring 400mm x 160mm x 190mm were cast and tested for compressive strength and water absorption after 28 days of curing. Results showed the compressive strength started to decrease significantly above a 10% sawdust replacement rate. Water absorption increased with higher sawdust content, reaching up to 8.2% for 50% replacement. In conclusion, a 10% sawdust replacement provided comparable strength to conventional concrete blocks while utilizing an industrial waste material.
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Air Entrained Mortar by Utilising Lather AgentIRJET Journal
This document presents research on producing an air-entrained mortar utilizing sugarcane ash and a lather agent. Mortar samples were produced with 10%, 30%, and 50% cement replaced by sugarcane ash. The samples were tested for compressive strength and water absorption at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed compressive strengths of 11.2 MPa, 8.5 MPa, and 7.3 MPa respectively for the 10%, 30%, and 50% sugarcane ash replacements compared to 12.5 MPa for a conventional mortar. Water absorption also increased with higher sugarcane ash content. The study concludes the mortar produced is beneficial due to lower cost and weight while being
Similar to IRJET- Strength and Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete using Low-Calcium Flyash and Calcium Hydroxide Cured at Ambient Temperature (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.