1) The document reviews research on the strength and behavior of cold-formed steel built-up sections under compression. Built-up sections are made by connecting two individual sections using fasteners.
2) Several studies are summarized that experimentally and numerically investigated built-up sections. Comparisons were made between experimental results and design specifications.
3) In general, specifications were found to be conservative, with some studies finding designs to be unconservative for sections failing through local buckling. Further research on additional configurations was recommended to validate proposed design equations.
ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE BEAMIAEME Publication
In recent years, the use of composite structures with Glass Fibre Reinforced
Plastic (GFRP) material has increased greatly due to its non-corrosive, nonconductive,
high strength-to-weight ratio, relevant fatigue endurance and cost
competitiveness. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of beams reinforced with GFRP
material of sizes 10, 12, and 16 mm bars placed at the tension zone was modeled and
tested against horizontal loading pattern using the software ANSYS 16.1.
Characteristics of composite beam viz. stiffness and displacement are studied against
vibrations and frequency, respectively, against conventional beam. Analytical results
of ANSYS 16.1 software are i) beams with 16 mm GFRP material placed at tension
shown less displacement ii) beams with 16 mm GFRP material placed at tension zone
shown an increase displacement of 14.2% over conventional beam but with maximum
frequency of 100Hz iii) beams with 10 mm and 12 mm GFRP material placed at
tension zone shown less variations in their displacements iv) for a similar
displacements, beams with GFRP material shown lesser frequency than conventional
and v) increasing the stiffness leads to decrease in vibration of composite beam.
The main aim of this paper is to identify the type of bracing for the better seismic
performance of the structure by building steel bracings at different floor
levels.Duringearthquakes the human loss is mainly due to the failure of structures.
Seismic deficitstructures will crumble even at low magnitude earthquakes.Many
existing structures need to be retrofitted,installation of steel bracing for existing
structure will be easiest way instead of buildingshear walls.Steel tubular X-bracing
system have been installed to the strcuture at different floor levels for choosen G+5
RCC building and analyzed by Non-linear static push over analysis.Six cases are
considered in this study, in each case the placement of bracing were changed to find
out the better performane of the structue with variation in the placement of bracings at
different storey levels.The comparisions made between these six cases by keeping base
model as ideal model along with the parameters like base shear,displacement and
inter-storey drift.After comparing it was found that there is a significant increase of
Base Shear by 14.90%,16.53% for case-3,case-5 models respectively when compared
with basemodel i.e. case-1with out bracing. The displacement is reduced by 17.39%,
17.39% for case-3 and case-5models respectively when compared with base model.
There is a reduction of inter-storey drift by 33.33%, 33.33% for case-3 and case-5
models respectively when compared with base model. Case-3 and case-5 braced
frames has been significantly performed well with the reduction in storey drifts and
displacements and increase in base shear
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF REINFORCEMENT COUPLERS AS REPLACEMENT OF BENT BARrk pandey
In reinforced concrete structures, it is essential to enhance the performance of
beam–column joints in moderate and severe seismic susceptibility areas. An attempt has
been made to study and evaluate the performance of exterior beam–column joint using
proper reinforcement anchorage and joint core detail. The anchorages are detailed as per
ACI-352 (Mechanical anchorage), ACI-318 (900Standard bent anchorages) and IS-456 along
with confinement as per IS-13920. Significant improvements were observed in seismic
performance, ductility and strength while using stirrups bar in combination with mechanical
anchorage detail for higher seismic prone areas, apart from resolution to reducing
congestion of reinforcement in joint core. To assess the performances of anchorages and
joint details, three groups of three specimens each were tested under monolithic loading.
The test results are evaluated and presented in this paper.
ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE BEAMIAEME Publication
In recent years, the use of composite structures with Glass Fibre Reinforced
Plastic (GFRP) material has increased greatly due to its non-corrosive, nonconductive,
high strength-to-weight ratio, relevant fatigue endurance and cost
competitiveness. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of beams reinforced with GFRP
material of sizes 10, 12, and 16 mm bars placed at the tension zone was modeled and
tested against horizontal loading pattern using the software ANSYS 16.1.
Characteristics of composite beam viz. stiffness and displacement are studied against
vibrations and frequency, respectively, against conventional beam. Analytical results
of ANSYS 16.1 software are i) beams with 16 mm GFRP material placed at tension
shown less displacement ii) beams with 16 mm GFRP material placed at tension zone
shown an increase displacement of 14.2% over conventional beam but with maximum
frequency of 100Hz iii) beams with 10 mm and 12 mm GFRP material placed at
tension zone shown less variations in their displacements iv) for a similar
displacements, beams with GFRP material shown lesser frequency than conventional
and v) increasing the stiffness leads to decrease in vibration of composite beam.
The main aim of this paper is to identify the type of bracing for the better seismic
performance of the structure by building steel bracings at different floor
levels.Duringearthquakes the human loss is mainly due to the failure of structures.
Seismic deficitstructures will crumble even at low magnitude earthquakes.Many
existing structures need to be retrofitted,installation of steel bracing for existing
structure will be easiest way instead of buildingshear walls.Steel tubular X-bracing
system have been installed to the strcuture at different floor levels for choosen G+5
RCC building and analyzed by Non-linear static push over analysis.Six cases are
considered in this study, in each case the placement of bracing were changed to find
out the better performane of the structue with variation in the placement of bracings at
different storey levels.The comparisions made between these six cases by keeping base
model as ideal model along with the parameters like base shear,displacement and
inter-storey drift.After comparing it was found that there is a significant increase of
Base Shear by 14.90%,16.53% for case-3,case-5 models respectively when compared
with basemodel i.e. case-1with out bracing. The displacement is reduced by 17.39%,
17.39% for case-3 and case-5models respectively when compared with base model.
There is a reduction of inter-storey drift by 33.33%, 33.33% for case-3 and case-5
models respectively when compared with base model. Case-3 and case-5 braced
frames has been significantly performed well with the reduction in storey drifts and
displacements and increase in base shear
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF REINFORCEMENT COUPLERS AS REPLACEMENT OF BENT BARrk pandey
In reinforced concrete structures, it is essential to enhance the performance of
beam–column joints in moderate and severe seismic susceptibility areas. An attempt has
been made to study and evaluate the performance of exterior beam–column joint using
proper reinforcement anchorage and joint core detail. The anchorages are detailed as per
ACI-352 (Mechanical anchorage), ACI-318 (900Standard bent anchorages) and IS-456 along
with confinement as per IS-13920. Significant improvements were observed in seismic
performance, ductility and strength while using stirrups bar in combination with mechanical
anchorage detail for higher seismic prone areas, apart from resolution to reducing
congestion of reinforcement in joint core. To assess the performances of anchorages and
joint details, three groups of three specimens each were tested under monolithic loading.
The test results are evaluated and presented in this paper.
CRITICAL REVIEW ON MECHANICAL ANCHORAGE AS REPLACEMENT OF BENT BARrk pandey
In structural concrete, the provisions for anchorage of straight bars and hooks normally present detailing problems due to conjunction of reinforcement bar. Mechanical anchorage device eliminates detailing problems when conjunction of reinforcement bar. This paper represents the various method of mechanical anchorage and past work carried out on mechanical anchorage which shows the effectiveness of mechanical anchorage method over the most commonly used method.
Experimental investigation of reinforcement couplers as replacement of bent-barrk pandey
In structural concrete, the provisions for anchorage of straight bars and hooks normally present detailing problems due to conjunction of reinforcement bar. Mechanical anchorage device eliminates detailing problems when conjunction of reinforcement bar. This paper represents the various method of mechanical anchorage and past work carried out on mechanical anchorage which shows the effectiveness of mechanical anchorage method over the most commonly used method.
Corrosion fatigue crack growth experiment was conducted on ESE(T) (Eccentrically-loaded Single Edge notch Tension) specimen made of IS 2062 steel in salt water environment. The specimen was placed in a transparent chamber made of perspex sheet containing 3.5% NaCl solution which acted as corrosion environment. The corrosion process was accelerated by applying constant direct current of 0.2 A which was supplied by means of a regulated power supply. The test was conducted using a ±250 kN capacity computer controlled servo-hydraulic fatigue rated Universal Testing Machine. The maximum and minimum load values were 15 kN and 1.5 kN. The test frequency was 0.375 Hz and the stress ratio was 0.1. Number of cycles to crack initiation was determined. Crack growth data were recorded at regular intervals. Crack growth curves were plotted and material constants C and m were found. Analytical studies were carried out and the results were compared with experimental results. Details of the analytical and experimental studies and the results are presented in this paper.
Analysis and Weight Optimization of Split Dish Reactor Using Thermo-Structura...IJERA Editor
A vertical split dish reactor with leg supports is modeled using ansys workbench. Thereafter, external loads, such as self –weight, internal pressure and temperature are applied to the model. Pressure and temperature has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting stresses are severe and excessive. It is a significant study which requires in-depth investigation to understand the structural characteristics. This paper presents and focuses on some Finite Element (FE) analysis of a split dish reactor will be carried out and maximum stresses in the structure will be determined.
Analytical Investigation on External Beam-Column Joint Using ANSYS By Varying...IJERA Editor
The beam-column joint has been a topic of study for over 30 years now and still there are many things that yet to
be completely understood. The joint was considered to be rigid, however researches have shown that failure may
occur at the joint instead of the beam or column. This study was carried out to determine the effect of the
diameter of longitudinal reinforcement of the beam on the strength, deformation and ductility in the beamcolumn
joint using ANSYS. It was seen that the load carrying capacity and the deformation increases as the
diameter of reinforcement in the beam increases.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A TRAPEZOIDAL SHAPED STEEL AND R.C.C STRUCTUREIAEME Publication
Objectives: Reinforced concrete structures are the extremely useconvenience in construction and economical forhigh rise buildings these R.C.C structures are no more convenient and economical due to variation
in parameters such as decrease indirections and complicatedformwork. Thus for the designers, it has
producing optimized and economical design for highrisebuildings. In addition inclusion of
wind and seismic parameters is necessary for designing of high rise buildings. Use of steel in
rise buildings helps in overcoming the above problems due to its enhanced performance by
neglecting the difficulties in manufacturing of steel. But many designerstructural system due to its complexity in analysis and design. From the past studies adoption ofsteel structural system gives highly durable, economical and improved seismic performance
characteristics to the buildings. The accounsymmetrical (Trapezoidal) molded G+12, R.C.C. andsteelworking under the impact of windand seismic conditions utilizing ETABS
time period than R.C.C. It shows steel building are flexible and R.C.C is a rigid building.
Deflection of the beams in R.C.C. is very much lesser than steel. The deflection of the beam andsteel is an average of 5.5times higher than R.C.C. In all the analysis cases, dein the relevant codes has not been exceeded. Whencomparing the support reactions, the reaction of
the base of the steel is very less and compared to R.C.C. The size of the footing for R.C.C will behigher than the footing for steel
CRITICAL REVIEW ON MECHANICAL ANCHORAGE AS REPLACEMENT OF BENT BARrk pandey
In structural concrete, the provisions for anchorage of straight bars and hooks normally present detailing problems due to conjunction of reinforcement bar. Mechanical anchorage device eliminates detailing problems when conjunction of reinforcement bar. This paper represents the various method of mechanical anchorage and past work carried out on mechanical anchorage which shows the effectiveness of mechanical anchorage method over the most commonly used method.
Experimental investigation of reinforcement couplers as replacement of bent-barrk pandey
In structural concrete, the provisions for anchorage of straight bars and hooks normally present detailing problems due to conjunction of reinforcement bar. Mechanical anchorage device eliminates detailing problems when conjunction of reinforcement bar. This paper represents the various method of mechanical anchorage and past work carried out on mechanical anchorage which shows the effectiveness of mechanical anchorage method over the most commonly used method.
Corrosion fatigue crack growth experiment was conducted on ESE(T) (Eccentrically-loaded Single Edge notch Tension) specimen made of IS 2062 steel in salt water environment. The specimen was placed in a transparent chamber made of perspex sheet containing 3.5% NaCl solution which acted as corrosion environment. The corrosion process was accelerated by applying constant direct current of 0.2 A which was supplied by means of a regulated power supply. The test was conducted using a ±250 kN capacity computer controlled servo-hydraulic fatigue rated Universal Testing Machine. The maximum and minimum load values were 15 kN and 1.5 kN. The test frequency was 0.375 Hz and the stress ratio was 0.1. Number of cycles to crack initiation was determined. Crack growth data were recorded at regular intervals. Crack growth curves were plotted and material constants C and m were found. Analytical studies were carried out and the results were compared with experimental results. Details of the analytical and experimental studies and the results are presented in this paper.
Analysis and Weight Optimization of Split Dish Reactor Using Thermo-Structura...IJERA Editor
A vertical split dish reactor with leg supports is modeled using ansys workbench. Thereafter, external loads, such as self –weight, internal pressure and temperature are applied to the model. Pressure and temperature has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting stresses are severe and excessive. It is a significant study which requires in-depth investigation to understand the structural characteristics. This paper presents and focuses on some Finite Element (FE) analysis of a split dish reactor will be carried out and maximum stresses in the structure will be determined.
Analytical Investigation on External Beam-Column Joint Using ANSYS By Varying...IJERA Editor
The beam-column joint has been a topic of study for over 30 years now and still there are many things that yet to
be completely understood. The joint was considered to be rigid, however researches have shown that failure may
occur at the joint instead of the beam or column. This study was carried out to determine the effect of the
diameter of longitudinal reinforcement of the beam on the strength, deformation and ductility in the beamcolumn
joint using ANSYS. It was seen that the load carrying capacity and the deformation increases as the
diameter of reinforcement in the beam increases.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A TRAPEZOIDAL SHAPED STEEL AND R.C.C STRUCTUREIAEME Publication
Objectives: Reinforced concrete structures are the extremely useconvenience in construction and economical forhigh rise buildings these R.C.C structures are no more convenient and economical due to variation
in parameters such as decrease indirections and complicatedformwork. Thus for the designers, it has
producing optimized and economical design for highrisebuildings. In addition inclusion of
wind and seismic parameters is necessary for designing of high rise buildings. Use of steel in
rise buildings helps in overcoming the above problems due to its enhanced performance by
neglecting the difficulties in manufacturing of steel. But many designerstructural system due to its complexity in analysis and design. From the past studies adoption ofsteel structural system gives highly durable, economical and improved seismic performance
characteristics to the buildings. The accounsymmetrical (Trapezoidal) molded G+12, R.C.C. andsteelworking under the impact of windand seismic conditions utilizing ETABS
time period than R.C.C. It shows steel building are flexible and R.C.C is a rigid building.
Deflection of the beams in R.C.C. is very much lesser than steel. The deflection of the beam andsteel is an average of 5.5times higher than R.C.C. In all the analysis cases, dein the relevant codes has not been exceeded. Whencomparing the support reactions, the reaction of
the base of the steel is very less and compared to R.C.C. The size of the footing for R.C.C will behigher than the footing for steel
Castellated beam optimization by using Finite Element Analysis: A Review.theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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