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IRJET- Multi-Sensor based Water Quality Monitoring in IoT Environment
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3237 Multi-Sensor based Water Quality Monitoring in IoT Environment Arun Pandi T1, Sakthi Vel S B1, Veerappan S1, Senthil Rajan A1, Amutha priya N2 1UG Students, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - To analyse the safe supply of the water, the quality needs to be monitor in real time. In this paper, we present a low-cost system for real-time monitoring of the water quality in IoT (internet of things).The system consistsof several sensors is used for measuring physical and chemical parameters of the water. The parameterssuchastemperature, turbidity, pH, Conductivity of the water can be measured. The measured values from the sensors can be processedbythecore controller. The Arduino mega can be used as a core controller. Finally, the sensor data can be viewed on internet using Wi-Fi module. Key Words: Temperature, Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, Arduino mega, Wi-Fi module. 1. INTRODUCTION Water is a limited resource in the world and is essential for agriculture, industry and for creatures existence on earth including human beings. This challenge occurred because of limited water resources growing the population, aging infrastructure etc. Hence, therefore, there isaneedforbetter methodologies for monitoring the water quality. Monitoring the quality of surface water will help protect ourwaterways from pollution. Traditionally, the water quality detection has been carried out manually wherein the water samples are collected and taken to the laboratories for analysis. Since these methods fail to deliver real-time data, we propose a system whichcan sense the water quality parameter continuously and send the data real time to the monitoring station using wireless technology. The result from the microcontroller unit is then wirelessly transmitted using Wi-Fi module. 2. System Description The objective of the system is to design a low costandrobust system, to monitor water quality problemfordrinkingwater and online multisensory measurements at the local levelare developed to assess the water contamination risk. The overall functions of the system architecture are, • A microcontroller is been used for collecting the data from the sensors. • The system contains turbidity sensor, pH sensor, a temperature sensor which is interfaced with Arduino mega board 2560. • Turbidity sensor is used for turbulence measurement of water. • The PH sensor is used to measure the %PHofwater. • The temperature sensor is used to check the temperature of water. • The Conductivity sensor is used to measure the ability of the water to carry electric current. • All these sensors are directly connected to the microcontroller. • The microcontroller collects the data and processes it with Wi-Fi module. • The Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) transfers data to the PC where the data analysis is done. • LCD display has also displayed the output correspondingly. • To publish the corresponding record over the web for public information and further assessment of water resource. 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3238 4. Hardware Design 4.1 Control Board An Arduino mega is used as a core controller. The Arduino used here is mega 2560 because multiple analog input sensors probes need to be connected with the Arduino board. It has a set of registers that function as a general purpose RAM. Special purpose control registers for on-chip hardware resources are also mapped into the data space. The addressability of memory varies depending on device series, and all PIC devices have some banking mechanism to extend addressing to additional memory. Later series of devices feature move instructions whichcancoverthewhole addressable space, independent of the selected bank. In earlier devices, any register move had to be achieved via the accumulator. Thus the mechanism functions with thehelpof coding inbuilt in the Arduino board. 4.2 Sensors for Monitoring 4.2.1 Ph Sensor The pH of water is an important parameter to monitor because high and low pH levels can have enormous effects on the source. The pH of a solution can range from 1 to 14.A pH sensor is a device that measures the hydrogen-ion concentration in a solution, indicating its acidity or alkalinity. Its range varies from 0 to 14 pH. For acid output voltage is positive, for neutral it is null and for bases it becomes negative. The value greater than the optimum range is considered fatal to the marine ecosystem. Extreme pH values also increase the solubility of elements and compounds making them toxic. Mathematically pH is referred as, pH = -log[H+] 4.2.2 Turbidity Sensor Turbidity level sensor is used to measure the clarityofwater or muddiness present in the water. The turbidity of the surface water is usually between 255 NTU. The Unit is NTU (Nephelometric turbidity unit). Water is visibly at levels above 80 NTU. The standards for drinking water is 130 NTU to 250 NTU. The turbidity sensor consistsoflighttransmitter and receiver, the transmitter needsto transmit clear light to the receiver if it not to be clear, it is said to be turbid. Generally, it measures the amount of light coming from the source of the light to the light receiver, in order to calculate water turbidity. The effect of turbidity is a reduction in water clarity, aesthetically unpleasant, decreases the rate of photosynthesis, increases water temperature. 4.2.3 Temperature Sensor Here LM35 is used as the temperature sensor. Normally it will use to sense the temperature of the room, if we placethe sensor inside the copper electrode and placedintothewater, it can detect the temperature of water also. The average temperature of the room is 20 -25 . 4.2.4 Conductivity Sensor Conductivity is the measure of a solution's ability to pass or carry an electric current. The term Conductivity is derived from Ohm's Law, E=I•R; where Voltage (E) is the product of Current (I) and Resistance (R); Resistance is determined by Voltage/Current. When a voltage is connected to a conductor, a current will flow, which is dependent on the resistance of the conductor. Conductivityissimplydefinedas the reciprocal of the Resistance of a solution between two electrodes. The more ions that are in the solution, the higher the conductivity. 4.2.5 LCD Display LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is a flat plate electronic display module and finds in a wide range of applications. A 20x4 LCD display is the very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modulesare preferred over seven segmentsandothermulti- segment LEDs. 4.2.6 Wi-Fi module Wi-Fi or Wi-Fi is a technology for wireless local area network with devices. Devices that can use Wi-Fi technology include personal computers, video-game consoles, smartphones, digital cameras, tablet computers, digital audioplayersandmodern printers. Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the Internet via a WLAN network and a wireless access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (66 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room withwalls that block radio waves, or as large as many square kilometers achieved by using multiple overlapping access points. The depiction of a device sending information wirelessly to another device both connected to the local network,inorder to print a document. Wi-Fi technology may be used to provide Internet access to devices that are within the range of a wireless network that is connected to the Internet. 5. ANALYZED WORK In order to get the good quality of water, we have made a survey of different water taking it from various locations (underground, pond, well, bore well waters).The difference between the values is dependent upon the areas. By identifying the values of pH, temperature, and turbidity of water using various sensors, we analyze the usage of water for the specific purposes. For example drinking, washing purpose, watering plants, battery water in UPS and in the car. Over 50 samples are collected and surveyed.
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3239 Using HTML program, we designed a webpage that will use to display corresponding ph, temperature, conductivity, turbidity values on the internet. Below picture is the screenshot of water quality monitoring. This will update outputs every 5 seconds on the web page. Table -2: Usage of analysed water The water which has collected from various areas and their analyzed pH, temperature, turbidity and conductivityvalues are listed below., Table -1: Surveyed samplesof water from variouslocations at different areas. Sam ples Area Type pH Turbidit y Condu ctivity Temperat ure S1 Sattur Under ground 7.1 59 52 Depend upon room temperatu re S2 Sattur Well 7.4 97 72 S3 Sattur River 7.7 176 122 S4 Virudhunagar Under ground 6.9 187 120 S5 Virudhunagar Pond 6.7 108 76 S6 Virudhunagar River 6.6 120 78 S7 Thirumangalam Under ground 6.8 69 51 S8 Thirumangalam Purified- Well 7.6 143 108 S9 Thirumangalam Pond 6.1 92 62 S10 Nagercoil Sea 6.2 57 47 S1 Sattur Under ground 7.1 59 52 Table -2: Usage of analysed water Purposes pH Turbidity Conductivity Temperature Drinking Water 7 - 8 130 – 250 NTU 100 – 200 µS/cm - Agriculture 6 - 8 90 – 250 NTU 60 – 200 µS/cm - Washing Machine 6 - 12 50 – 145 NTU 100 µS/cm – 2 mS/cm 5 - 90 Air Conditioner 6.4 - 7.2 50 – 150 NTU 100 – 150 mg/L up to 55 UPS Water 5 - 7 <20 mgL <10-5 ohm-1 /cm 20 - 25 6. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The Water quality monitoring is important for specific applications such as monitoring of boiler water in power plant and several other applications such as pond and ecosystem, drinking water distribution and measurement, Contamination Detection in Drinking Water etc. such applications need a separate technique for monitoring the water quality. In our proposed system, we can monitor the water quality parameters on the internet by using cloud computing. The water quality parameters values are stored in separate web server on the cloud. These parameters can be viewed by using a separate IP address. Fig -1: The picture shows the water quality monitoring using Wi-Fi module By using varioussensors, Temperature, pH, and Turbidityof the water can be measured. Finally, an essential measurement node that collects water quality measurements from sensors, implements the algorithm to assess water quality and transmits data to the web server. 7. CONCLUSION In this paper, the design and development of the real-time monitoring of the water quality parameters in IoT environment are presented. The proposedsystem consistsof several water quality parameter sensors, Arduino mega 2560 core controller, and an IoT module. These devices are low cost, more efficient and capable of processing,analyzing, sending and viewing the data in the cloud and also through Wi-Fi to the mobile device. This can implement for suitable environment monitoring, ecosystem monitoring, etcandthe data can be viewed anywhere in the world. In the future, we plan to implement biological parameter of the water and install the system in several locations of a pond and also in water distribution network to collect water quality data and send to the water board.
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3240 8. REFERENCES [1] Brinda Das, P.C.Jain,"Real-TimeWaterQualityMonitoring System using the Internet of Things" 2017 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electronics and Communication Technology. 978-1- 5090-4708- 6/17/$31.00©2017IEEE NO:10.1109 @ COMPTELIX .2017. 8003942. [2] Kulkarni Amruta M, Turkane Satish M,”Solar Powered Water Quality Monitoring system using wireless Sensor Network”978-1-4673-5090-7/13/$31.00© 2013 IEEE. [3] K.A.Unnikrishna Menon, Divya P, Maneesha V. Ramesh, “Wireless Sensor Network for River Water Quality Monitoring in India” ICCCNT' 2012 July 26 - 28, 2012, IEEE– 2018. [4] Mitar Simic, Goran M. Stojanovic, Libu Manjakkal and Krzystof Zaraska, “Multi-Sensor System for Remote Environmental (Air and Water) Quality Monitoring” Serbia, Belgrade, November 22-23, 2016, 978-1-5090-4086- 5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE. [5] Ummi Nurulhaiza Za’bah & O.Sidek, “Fresh Water Real- Time Monitoring System Based on WirelessSensorNetwork and GSM”2011 IEEE Conference on open systems (ICOS2011), September 25-28,2011,Lankawi,Malaysia.978- 1-61284-931-7/11/$26.00 (c) 2011 IEEE. [6] Zhu Wang, Qi WangXiaoqiang Hao, “The Design of the Remote Water Quality Monitoring System based on WSN” 978-1-4244-3693-4/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE. [7] N Vijayakumar, R Ramya, “The Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality in IoT Environment”2015 International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT], 978-1-4799-7075 9/15/ $31.00 ©2015 IEEE.
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