Ireland experienced economic stagnation from the 1960s to 1980s but then underwent rapid economic growth starting in the late 1980s. Key factors in Ireland's growth included embracing foreign direct investment and multinational companies, heavy investment in education and technology infrastructure, joining the European single market, cultural endowments in arts and language, and strategic government policies to boost industries like software and attract foreign businesses. Ireland transformed from one of the poorest countries in Europe to having a GDP per capita higher than the UK by focusing on its strengths in a globalized economy.