The document discusses smart grids and the integration of renewable energy sources and electric mobility into power systems. It covers advanced energy management tools, cost benefit analysis of smart grid projects, and life cycle assessment of smart grid projects. Specifically, it summarizes a study on an energy management system called IREMS that optimally manages generators, loads, and storage in microgrids. It also provides an overview of guidelines for conducting cost-benefit analysis of smart grid projects, and analyzes a case study of a project called REVE that aimed to use electric vehicles for energy storage to improve the electricity network's load factor.
Smart Grid The Role of Electricity Infrastructure in Reducing Greenhouse Gas ...Gruene-it.org
Most of the world’s electricity system was built when primary energy was relatively inexpensive. Grid reliability was mainly ensured by having excess capacity in the system, with unidirectional electricity flow to consumers from centrally dispatched power plants. Investments in the electric system were made to meet increasing demand—not to change fundamentally the way the system works.
(a).What is smart grid technology?
(b).Role and necessity of smart grid technology
(c).Benefits and application of grid
(d).Various challenge of grid
(e).Best possible location
Dynamic Line Rating: Principles - Applications - BenefitsLeonardo ENERGY
Video recording at https://youtu.be/xzWoQkVVhFc
This webinar introduces the physics of Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), and calculation methods based on CIGRE and IEEE standards. Various approaches are discussed: direct measurement technologies (sensors) as well as weather model-based simulations. We describe applications implemented by grid operators for some years already. These illustrate how Dynamic Line Rating data have been integrated into grid operators’ tools and processes, in particular how forecasts are used. Furthermore, some analytics will be shared that demonstrate the benefits of Dynamic Line Rating for reducing OPEX and CAPEX. This includes examples on increasing cross-border trading, reducing investment on new line infrastructure and reducing congestions, which helps to make decisions on reinforcement and investment.
Shari Ishikawa from HECO describes what the term Smart Grid means, and the Smart Grid-related projects HECO is working on. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-15.
The impact of the revision of the EPBD on energy savings from the use of BACSLeonardo ENERGY
Specific requirements in the revised EPBD concerning building automation and control systems (BACS) will ensure that the European Union reduces building energy consumption significantly further and faster than if the Directive was implemented without BACS. In this webinar of the BACS Academy, Paul Waide, the author of the recent study “The impact of the revision of the EPBD on energy savings from the use of building automation and controls”, will provide the attendants with valuable information on how to effectively transform words into actions.
Webinar recording available at
Power system flexibility relates to the ability of the power system to manage changes.
Solutions providing advances in flexibility are of utmost importance for the future power system. Development and deployment of innovative technologies, communication and monitoring possibilities, as well as increased interaction and information exchange, are enablers to provide holistic flexibility solutions. Furthermore, development of new methods for market design and analysis, as well as methods and procedures related to system planning and operation, will be required to utilise available flexibility to provide most value to society.
However, flexibility is not a unified term and is lacking a commonly accepted definition.
The flexibility term is used as an umbrella covering various needs and aspects in the power system. This situation makes it highly complex to discuss flexibility in the power system and craves for differentiation to enhance clarity. In this work, the solution has been to differentiate
the flexibility term on needs, and to categorise flexibility needs in four categories.
Here, flexibility needs are considered from over-all system perspectives (stability, frequency and energy supply) and from more local perspectives (transfer capacities, voltage and power quality). With flexibility support considered for both operation and planning of the power system, it is required in a timescale from fractions of a second (e.g. stability and frequency support) to minutes and hours (e.g. thermal loadings and generation dispatch) to months and years (e.g. planning for seasonal adequacy and planning of new investments).
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Tactical Microgrid Standards Consortium, presented by Tom Bozada, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
Smart Grid The Role of Electricity Infrastructure in Reducing Greenhouse Gas ...Gruene-it.org
Most of the world’s electricity system was built when primary energy was relatively inexpensive. Grid reliability was mainly ensured by having excess capacity in the system, with unidirectional electricity flow to consumers from centrally dispatched power plants. Investments in the electric system were made to meet increasing demand—not to change fundamentally the way the system works.
(a).What is smart grid technology?
(b).Role and necessity of smart grid technology
(c).Benefits and application of grid
(d).Various challenge of grid
(e).Best possible location
Dynamic Line Rating: Principles - Applications - BenefitsLeonardo ENERGY
Video recording at https://youtu.be/xzWoQkVVhFc
This webinar introduces the physics of Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), and calculation methods based on CIGRE and IEEE standards. Various approaches are discussed: direct measurement technologies (sensors) as well as weather model-based simulations. We describe applications implemented by grid operators for some years already. These illustrate how Dynamic Line Rating data have been integrated into grid operators’ tools and processes, in particular how forecasts are used. Furthermore, some analytics will be shared that demonstrate the benefits of Dynamic Line Rating for reducing OPEX and CAPEX. This includes examples on increasing cross-border trading, reducing investment on new line infrastructure and reducing congestions, which helps to make decisions on reinforcement and investment.
Shari Ishikawa from HECO describes what the term Smart Grid means, and the Smart Grid-related projects HECO is working on. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-15.
The impact of the revision of the EPBD on energy savings from the use of BACSLeonardo ENERGY
Specific requirements in the revised EPBD concerning building automation and control systems (BACS) will ensure that the European Union reduces building energy consumption significantly further and faster than if the Directive was implemented without BACS. In this webinar of the BACS Academy, Paul Waide, the author of the recent study “The impact of the revision of the EPBD on energy savings from the use of building automation and controls”, will provide the attendants with valuable information on how to effectively transform words into actions.
Webinar recording available at
Power system flexibility relates to the ability of the power system to manage changes.
Solutions providing advances in flexibility are of utmost importance for the future power system. Development and deployment of innovative technologies, communication and monitoring possibilities, as well as increased interaction and information exchange, are enablers to provide holistic flexibility solutions. Furthermore, development of new methods for market design and analysis, as well as methods and procedures related to system planning and operation, will be required to utilise available flexibility to provide most value to society.
However, flexibility is not a unified term and is lacking a commonly accepted definition.
The flexibility term is used as an umbrella covering various needs and aspects in the power system. This situation makes it highly complex to discuss flexibility in the power system and craves for differentiation to enhance clarity. In this work, the solution has been to differentiate
the flexibility term on needs, and to categorise flexibility needs in four categories.
Here, flexibility needs are considered from over-all system perspectives (stability, frequency and energy supply) and from more local perspectives (transfer capacities, voltage and power quality). With flexibility support considered for both operation and planning of the power system, it is required in a timescale from fractions of a second (e.g. stability and frequency support) to minutes and hours (e.g. thermal loadings and generation dispatch) to months and years (e.g. planning for seasonal adequacy and planning of new investments).
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Tactical Microgrid Standards Consortium, presented by Tom Bozada, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
Design of a Smart Meter for the Indian Energy ScenarioIJERA Editor
Accurate metering, detection of energy theft and implementation of proper tariff as well as billing system are vital in wise energy management. These objectives can be achieved by using Smart Meters. This article introduces a microcontroller based Smart Meter using wireless communication and LabVIEW suitable for the Indian Energy Scenario. The Smart Meter and Time Of Day (TOD) tariff pricing make the consumers an active part of energy management, thereby energy deficit during peak hours can be alleviated indirectly.
since our electrical system consists of many interconnections .in order to have a proper transmission we need grid if we incorporate some sensors it results in smart grid .today grid system consists of all interconnection tapping points
A simple way of looking at grid modernization and managing the modern grid through the interaction and integration of technology, applications and systems. An approach to kick of your Smart Grid Road Map through the Maturity Model approach.
Closing Roundtable Discussion: From Commodity Providers to Digital Service Co...Jill Kirkpatrick
The rise of AI, digital twin simulation, voice interaction and other digital advancements is providing utilities with the tools to better serve a proactive, liquid customer.
The impact of these transformations goes beyond customer experience, deeply transforming utility business models, and signaling the path to the future of the utility-consumer relationship.
Deep Learning Based Integrated Energy Efficiency Optimization for Smart Buildingeliyart
This project is to develop deep learning technology to enhance the building energy efficiency. The new technology can decide the optimal control policy based on the operational data on the integrated building system including smart-grid, air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV), solar, lighting and occupancy. It has the benefits of energy efficiency optimization, adaptation to equipment and operation conditions and robustness against environmental uncertainty, compared with the current state-of-the-art of model-based control, which highly depends on detailed domain knowledge and many restrictive assumptions. The final target is to achieve 20% energy saving and higher comfort level. The technology can be promoted island wide through a parallel AI cloud with great significance on energy sustainability and service quality.
Gender challenges in clean energy sector can networkRCREEE
The first step on this road can be sharpening the skills of females in energy sector pool of talents with availing mentorship, networking and training opportunities.
Ms Nouhad Awwad, Regional Coordinator, Climate Action Network Arab World presentation at Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Climate and energy policies advocacy of youth in the arab worldRCREEE
The first step on this road can be sharpening the skills of females in energy sector pool of talents with availing mentorship, networking and training opportunities.
mS. Sabrina Fawaz, Representative of Climate and Energy Policies Advocacy of Youth in the Arab World program, FES’s Regional Climate and Energy Project MENA and Germanwatch presentation at Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Women in energy a world full of opportunities lcecRCREEE
Ms. Patil Mesrobian, Program Development Officer, LCEC presentation at Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Ms. Nada Zarour, President and co-founder of Green Mind NGO presentation at Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Many initiatives are currently blossoming across the region facilitating a stronger engagement of females in clean energy.
Salma El Shiekh, The Sudanese Artik Energy Start up founder shared her journey at Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Many initiatives are currently blossoming across the region facilitating a stronger engagement of females in clean energy.
Eng. Zainab Garashi, Founder & CEO, Engineers without Boarders- Kuwait presented EWB projects at Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Women in Energy in Jordan Challenges, Opportunities and the Way Forward JREEE...RCREEE
Many initiatives are currently blossoming across the region facilitating a stronger engagement of females in clean energy.
Eng. Lina AL-Mubaideen presented JREEEF programs and Initiatives in Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Women in energy sector in the mena region rcreeeRCREEE
Introducing the latest perspectives on gender engagement in the workforce with specific focus on clean energy by Eng. Sara Ibrahim, RCREEE Senior Expert at Enabling Women in Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of
International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Awakening diversity in the clean energy sector a key point to achieve sustai...RCREEE
Introducing the latest perspectives on gender engagement in the workforce with specific focus on clean energy by Ms. Fatma M'Selmi Baklouti, CEO & Founder Laur' us Consulting at Enabling Women in Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of
International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
Mitigating environmental impact in non renewable energy the role of womenRCREEE
Introducing the latest perspectives on gender engagement in the workforce with specific focus on clean energy by Ms. Diana Kaissy, Executive Director, The Lebanese Oil and Gas Initiative-LOGI at Enabling Women in Sustainable Energy Field: A Step towards Sustainable Communities - Workshop on the side of
International Beirut Energy Forum on 25 September 2019.
These are the key messages of the first High Level Policy Dialogue to promote RE and EE in the Mediterranean region. The messages were delivered by Dr. Badr
The presentation is prepared as an introduction for the first High Level Policy Dialogue to promote RE and EE in the Mediterranean region by Eng. Kraidy
Data Centers - Striving Within A Narrow Range - Research Report - MCG - May 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) expects to see demand and the changing evolution of supply, facilitated through institutional investment rotation out of offices and into work from home (“WFH”), while the ever-expanding need for data storage as global internet usage expands, with experts predicting 5.3 billion users by 2023. These market factors will be underpinned by technological changes, such as progressing cloud services and edge sites, allowing the industry to see strong expected annual growth of 13% over the next 4 years.
Whilst competitive headwinds remain, represented through the recent second bankruptcy filing of Sungard, which blames “COVID-19 and other macroeconomic trends including delayed customer spending decisions, insourcing and reductions in IT spending, energy inflation and reduction in demand for certain services”, the industry has seen key adjustments, where MCG believes that engineering cost management and technological innovation will be paramount to success.
MCG reports that the more favorable market conditions expected over the next few years, helped by the winding down of pandemic restrictions and a hybrid working environment will be driving market momentum forward. The continuous injection of capital by alternative investment firms, as well as the growing infrastructural investment from cloud service providers and social media companies, whose revenues are expected to grow over 3.6x larger by value in 2026, will likely help propel center provision and innovation. These factors paint a promising picture for the industry players that offset rising input costs and adapt to new technologies.
According to M Capital Group: “Specifically, the long-term cost-saving opportunities available from the rise of remote managing will likely aid value growth for the industry. Through margin optimization and further availability of capital for reinvestment, strong players will maintain their competitive foothold, while weaker players exit the market to balance supply and demand.”
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
As Europe's leading economic powerhouse and the fourth-largest hashtag#economy globally, Germany stands at the forefront of innovation and industrial might. Renowned for its precision engineering and high-tech sectors, Germany's economic structure is heavily supported by a robust service industry, accounting for approximately 68% of its GDP. This economic clout and strategic geopolitical stance position Germany as a focal point in the global cyber threat landscape.
In the face of escalating global tensions, particularly those emanating from geopolitical disputes with nations like hashtag#Russia and hashtag#China, hashtag#Germany has witnessed a significant uptick in targeted cyber operations. Our analysis indicates a marked increase in hashtag#cyberattack sophistication aimed at critical infrastructure and key industrial sectors. These attacks range from ransomware campaigns to hashtag#AdvancedPersistentThreats (hashtag#APTs), threatening national security and business integrity.
🔑 Key findings include:
🔍 Increased frequency and complexity of cyber threats.
🔍 Escalation of state-sponsored and criminally motivated cyber operations.
🔍 Active dark web exchanges of malicious tools and tactics.
Our comprehensive report delves into these challenges, using a blend of open-source and proprietary data collection techniques. By monitoring activity on critical networks and analyzing attack patterns, our team provides a detailed overview of the threats facing German entities.
This report aims to equip stakeholders across public and private sectors with the knowledge to enhance their defensive strategies, reduce exposure to cyber risks, and reinforce Germany's resilience against cyber threats.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
The affect of service quality and online reviews on customer loyalty in the E...
IREC part 02
1. Smart grids: integration of renewable energy sources and
electric mobility into power system
Granada, April 28th 2016
www.irec.cat
Manel Sanmartçi
Electrical Engineering Research Group
2. 2
1. Advanced energy management tools for power systems
2. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
3. Life Cycle Assessment of Smart Grid Projects
CONTENTS
3. 3
1. Advanced energy management tools for power systems
2. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
3. Life Cycle Assessment of Smart Grid Projects
CONTENTS
5. 5
5 key questions to be answered
What is
IREMS?
How does
IREMS
work?
How can
users interact
with IREMS?
What
advantages
does IREMS
offer?
What is our
experience?
IREMS
6. 6
What is IREMS?
IREMS is an Energy Management System developed by IREC.
IREMS is able to optimally manage several kind of generators, loads and
storage units under a common goal: to make more cost-effective and
efficient your Microgrid.
IREMS is a gateway between a Microgrid and an external agent such as
Commercial Aggregator.
7. 7
How does IREMS work?
Internet
Weather Server Energy Price Server
Demand Forecaster
IREMS
Energy
Planning
Energy
Balance
• Optimization Module
Considering demand and weather
forecast, and energy price
Energy Planning
Energy Balance
Demand Forecaster
• Real Time Module
Energy balance at real time
• Machine Learning module
To improve demand and mobility
forecast
IREMS features
• Data logging and event logging
• Notifications management
• Provide communication
channels
COMMERCIAL
AGGREGATOR
8. How does IREMS work?
The objective
is to calculate the optimal energy
planning of power consumed or
generated by every unit in the microgrid
within a 24-hour scope.
Energy management relies on two steps
1
The strategy
is to minimize the daily cost by making
use of the difference among electricity
prices and the flexibility of the microgrid
elements.
Data
To perform this operation, the following
information is used:
•Microgrid configuration and current status.
•Real time measurements.
•Weather forecasts (wind speed, solar irradiance,
temperature).
•Demand forecasts.
•EV mobility forecasting.
•Energy price.
Energy Planning (Optimization Module)
Execution
The Optimization Module runs every 15 minutes.
9. How does IREMS work?
Energy management relies on two steps
2Energy Balance (Real Time Module)
The objective
is to ensure the power balance for all
elements in the microgrid and to send the
set-point to each controllable component.
The strategy
If there is any deviation, this module
carries out adjustments over the
preliminary set-points calculated by the
Optimization Module until to achieve the
energy equilibrium.
Data
To perform this operation, the following
information is used:
•Microgrid configuration.
•Optimization Module results.
•Real time measurements and status.
Execution
The Real Time Module runs every 3 seconds.
10. External interfaces
• Responsible for the proper operation of IREMS
• Control the access of other actor to IREMS.
• Have total information access.
• Remotely interact with IREMS through a thin client with a
Graphical User Interface (GUI).
• Owns one power unit or more in the microgrid.
• Able to access to some information of the element that (s)he owns.
• Able to modify some parameters.
• Remotely interact with IREMS through a thin client with a GUI.
• Requests measurements and forecasts of the microgrid
• Limit total power consumed/generated by the microgrid.
• Remotely interact with IREMS through a thin client with a GUI.
How can users interact with IREMS?
e-PEMS
Administrator
I-1
ADMINISTRATOR
CLIENT
e-PEMS
Client
I-2
e - P E M S
External Agent
I-3
EXTERNAL
AGENT
IREMS
IREMS
IREMS
11. 11
What advantages does IREMS offer?
Possibility of operation using the IREMS
user interface fully integrated into the
client system.
IREMS is able to automatically manage
energy supply, demand and storage at real
time.
• It is able to manage the monitored data
from grid-connected systems.
• It is able to decide the optimal behaviour
of the systems at real time based on
advanced optimization algorithms.
• The final user can choose among different
modes of operation:
cost minimization
environmental footprint
peak shaving, among others.
Different types of users with different
levels of permissions and access
Competitive advantages over other products on the
market
Machine Learning
12. 12
What advantages does IREMS offer?
Advantages for the different agents/clients
In case they incorporate the
product to their building
management company, they
will receive a large share of the
benefits.
Energy
companies Power
System
Society
Residential and
tertiary buildings
IREMS
Management of local demand
and supply will enable
renewable sources penetration
as well as the decrease of peaks
in the demand curves.
That will defer investments
required for grid reinforcements
and consequent grid losses.
Societal and environmental
benefits from energy efficiency
are well-known including GHG
emission abatement.
They will be able to
incorporate this tool to their
existing solutions and
equipment to add the real time
control and optimization layer.
13. 13
What is our experience?
Theoretical and
experimental
development
Registration of
the intellectual
property
Implementation
and validation in
IREC SmartEnergy
Lab
Adaptation and
deployment for two
real demo sites in
client facilities
IREMS
17. 17
Commercial Aggregator Concept
Main role of the Commercial Aggregator (CA) is
to gather flexibility products from its
prosumers portfolio, who do not have the size
to trade directly into wholesale markets, and to
optimize its trading in electricity markets
aiming to maximize its profits.
This new agent would provide direct revenue to the businesses and
homeowners, besides ensuring higher stability and efficiency in the grid
Commercial Aggregator is the key mediator between the consumers
and the markets and the other electricity system participans
Key enabler of “FLEXIBILITY”
19. • To simulate the behaviour of the
average consumers under different
price and volume signals.
• To obtain the aggregated response for
the whole clusters.
19
Functionalities
Prosumers portfolio
2 Consumer Segmentation
(Clustering)
1 Consumption Forecasting
Clusters
4 Market forecasting
• To forecast the market price of
sold and purchased electricity.
These methodologies rely on
statistical and financial analyses of
the markets where CAs participate.
Commercial Aggregator
Clients CA Forecasters Markets
3 Flexibility
Forecast Tool
Outputs
5 The Commercial
Optimal Planning
Tool
To calculate the optimal
incentive and bidding
policy in order to maximize
the profits of the
Commercial Aggregator.
RESULTS
20. 20
Responsibility
CA are totally responsible for their own
imbalances, so they will have to deal with their
own energy paybacks when participating in
wholesale markets
Commercial Aggregation is considered as a key innovation on the power system to
face future challenges posed by growing demand and RES integration
Procurement of flexibility products
The DSO can access and procure flexibility
products offered by commercial aggregators to
use them for a number of purposes (e.g.
distribution network reinforcement deferral,
congestion management, etc.).
Applications and advantages of the CA
Easier to
forecast
consumption
and
flexibility
Consumers
deal with
only 1 agent
instead of 2
Less
contracts
and less
connections
Contracts
easier to
handle.
Billing is
easier
More
efficient
solutions
Validation of flexibility Products
To validate flexibility products prior to its
activation, when used by other agents different to
the DSO itself.
21. 21
State of development
IREMSTheoretical and
experimental
development
Registration of the
intellectual
property
Implementation and
validation in IREC
SmartEnergy Lab
Adaptation and
deployment for two
real demo sites in
client facilities
Theoretical and
experimental development
Implementation and validation in
IREC SmartEnergy Lab
22. 22
1. Advanced energy management tools for power systems
2. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
3. Life Cycle Assessment of Smart Grid Projects
CONTENTS
23. Security of supply:
• Use of DG as a back-up resource
• DG applications for service restoration
Sustainability:
• RES integration
• Emission reduction
• Power smoothing
Economy:
• Gen. costs reduction
• Ancillary services
• Investment deferral
New investments
on smart grid
technology
Cost-benefit
assessment
required!
Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Objectives of the Smart Grid
24. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
BENEFITS COSTS
Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid (USA Case Study)
TOTAL AMOUNT OF COSTS: 338.000 – 476.000 M$
benefit-to-cost ratio range between 2.8 and 6.0
34% 16% 50%
20%
70%
10%
25. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Europe - Investment in Smart Grid projects 2013
26. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
The recent EC Communication on
Smart Grid “Smart Grids: From
Innovation to Deployment” states that
the EC intends to come up with
guidelines the Cost Benefit Analysis
(CBA) to be used by Member States for
Smart Metering projects and Smart Grid
projects.
The Joint Research Center (JRC)
has recently published the “Guidelines
for conducting a cost-benefit analysis
for Smart Grid projects”
(http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu).
27. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
28. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Characterize the project:
Step 1: Review and describe the technologies,
elements and goals of the project
Step 2: Map assets onto functionalities
Estimate benefits:
Step 3: Map functionalities onto benefits
Step 4: Establish the baseline
Step 5: Monetise the benefits and identify the
beneficiaries.
Compare costs and benefits:
Step 6: Identify and quantify the costs
Step 7: Compare costs and benefits
1
2
3
Source: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu, 2012.
29. Main objective: The REVE project (Wind
Regulation through Electric Vehicles)
aimed to perform a study thoroughly
assessing the key technical challenges
and the most relevant economic aspects
in order to create a network
infrastructure so that electric cars may
act as energy storing facilities in the
electric network while they are not
circulating, thus contributing to an
improvement of the load factor of the
electric system as a whole.
Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
CASE STUDY: THE REVE PROJECT 2009-2010
30. Daily electricity demand profile
Hores
MW Rest of
renewable
resources and
convenctional
power plants
Necessary for
maintaining
the control of
the system
During off-peak
periods the risk
of wind energy
disconnection is
hight
Rest of generation
Electric
Vehicle
Wind Energy
Minimum technical requirement
SHORT TERM EXAMPLE “REVE PROJECT”
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
CASE STUDY: THE REVE PROJECT 2009-2010
31. Offer bids
Purchase bids
Nuclear Power
Plants
Wind Power
Plants
Rest of
conventional
generation
Market
Price
In some cases, when demand is low and there is a high wind
generation, spot prices can fall to zero. For the Spanish case, in
such moments, wind generation has to be disconnected.
Amount of
disconnected
wind
generation
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
33. SHORT TERM EXAMPLE “REVE PROJECT”
… BUT, IF PRICE IS
ZERO,
WHY CONSUMERS
DON’T CONSUME?
BECAUSE
THEY CAN’T
SEE THE
REAL COST
OF ENERGY
DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
The modification of consumer demand for energy through various
methods such as financial incentives and education. Usually, the
goal of demand side management is to encourage the consumer to
use less energy during peak hours, or to move the time of
energy use to off-peak times such as nighttime and weekends.
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
34. SHORT TERM EXAMPLE “REVE PROJECT”
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
CASE STUDY: THE REVE PROJECT 2009-2010
By using demand side management tools, electric vehicle energy consumption
would be concentrated during off-peak periods, increasing demand around 5.000
MW in 2020.
2020 PROSPECTIVE WITHOUT EVs 2020 PROSPECTIVE WITH EVs
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
GW
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
GW
35. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Characterization of REVE project:
Step 1: The project was focused on analyzing the effect on the power
system of plug-in electric vehicles charged by means of smart chargers and
energy management systems.
Step 2: The usage of the electric vehicles reduces fossil fuel consumption
and emissions. Smart chargers and energy management systems allow EV
users to respond to price signals.
Characterize the project:
Step 1: Review and describe the technologies,
elements and goals of the project
Step 2: Map assets onto functionalities
1
http://www.evwind.es/
36. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Estimate benefits:
Step 3: Map functionalities onto benefits
Step 4: Establish the baseline
Step 5: Monetise the benefits and identify the beneficiaries.
2
Estimate benefits of REVE project:
Step 3: Fossil fuel savings improves Spanish trade balance and need for
CO2 bonuses. Demand response shifts EV load to off-peak periods and
increase power system capacity for wind power.
Step 4: Estimation of energy sector evolution without EVs.
Step 5: Comparison of the 2020 10% EV penetration scenario with the
baseline.
37. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Estimate benefits (1/2): Wind energy curtailment2
Wind energy
curtailment 2020
(*)
Daily period Night time
Lost production Economic
losses
Lost production Economic
losses
Without EVs
0.95 %
57
M€/year
1.60 %
96
M€/year
With EVs
0.28 %
17
M€/year
0.55 %
34
M€/year
Savings 40
M€/year
62
M€/year
TOTAL SAVINGS
PER YEAR 102 M€ / year 2020
(*) Conventional generation minimum output: 12.000 MW
38. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Estimate benefits (2/2): Fossil fuels imports and emissions2
Emissions (MtCO2)* 2012 2016 2020
Average emissions from
conventional vehicles
(grCO2/km)
170 160 150
Emissions avoided by
transport
1,5 3,5 9,9
Emissions increased
from power generation
0,4 0,9 2,7
Emissions avoided
(MtCO2)
1,1 2,6 7,2
Energy cost (M€) 2012 2016 2020
Reduced raw material
imports from transport
(M€)
0 1.263,46 4.255,77
Increased imports of
raw materials for
power generation (M€)
0 193,85 538,11
Oil price (€/barrel) 120 150 180
Savings in raw material
imports (M€)
0 1.069 3.717
*Average daily driving distance 60 km/day
39. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Compare costs and benefits of REVE project:
Step 6: Perform a cost estimation for the electric vehicle surplus
cost vs. conventional ICE vehicles, for the smart charger and for the
energy management system.
Step 7: Compare costs and benefits in a yearly basis.
Compare costs and benefits:
Step 6: Identify and quantify the costs
Step 7: Compare costs and benefits
3
41. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Compare costs and benefits:3
-2,000
-1,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
M€
Fossil fuel savings
Wind energy curtailment
CO2 emmissions
EMS
Smart chargers
EV cost surplus
Present value
Net Present Value:
NPV = 365 M€
42. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
Real examples: Smart meters roll out CBA (Electricity and Gas)
43. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
THE CONTEXT JRC METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
1. Given the economic potential of the Smart Grid and the substantial
investment required, there is a need for a methodological approach
to estimate the costs and benefits.
2. Previous results for the United States identify the main benefits at the
environmental, economical and security of supply domains. Most
of the investment will have to be done at distribution network level.
3. The JRC has published the “Guidelines for conducting a cost-benefit
analysis for Smart Grid projects” that could be the first step for a
European harmonization in CBA estimation for Smart Grid projects.
44. 44
1. Advanced energy management tools for power systems
2. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
3. Life Cycle Assessment of Smart Grid Projects
CONTENTS
45. 45
LCA - CONTENT
· Introduction to the Life Cycle Thinking
· What LCA stands for?
· Background LCA references
· Case study
46. 46
LCA - CONTENT
· Introduction to the Life Cycle Thinking
· What LCA stands for?
· Background LCA references
· Case study
47. INTRODUCTION TO THE LCT
47
Target:
Achieving
Sustainable
Development
Methodologies:
• Life Cycle Assessement (LCA)
• Life Cycle Costing (LCC)
• Social Life Cycle Assessement
(SLCA)
LIFE CYCLE THINKING
49. Objectives for environmental protection based on the concept of
sustainable development.
Topics to be addressed: - Prioritize between these objectives
- Quantification of the social
49
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
Ecology
• Respect the
natural
environment
itself
• Biodiversity
• Preservation of
resources
• Protection of
ecosystems
Social aspects
• Health
• Security
• Equal
opportunities
• Work
• Preserving
resources for
future
generations
Economy
• Increasing
competition
between
companies
• Macro-economic
stability
• Economic
welfare of the
population.
INTRODUCTION TO THE LCT
50. Life Cycle Thinking
Responds to the
problem avoiding
creating a new
problem
INTRODUCTION TO THE LCT
Source: PE International
51. 51
LCA - CONTENT
· Introduction to the Life Cycle Thinking
· What LCA stands for?
· Background LCA references
· Case study
52. 52
LCA: Life Cycle Assessment
The Integrated Product Policy (COM (2003)302) identified Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) as the “best framework for assessing the potential
environmental impacts of products”. It can also be applied to any process or
service.
WHAT LCA STANDS FOR?
53. According to ISO 14040, LCA is:
"Compilation and evaluation of inputs, outputs and potential environmental
impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle."
definition
Inventory
analysis
Impact
assessment
Interpretation
Goal and scope
definition
Inventory
analysis
Impact
assessment
Interpretation
53
INTRODUCTION TO LCAWHAT LCA STANDS FOR?
54. Integrated assessment of environmental problems
- Global warming
- Acidification
- Ozone layer depletion
- Smog
- Eutrophication
- Toxicity
- Others…
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
3. PARTS AND
COMPONENTS
MANUFACTURIN
G
9. COLLECTION AND
WASTE MANAGEMENT
LANDFILL
INCINERATION
5. DISTRIBUTION
4. INSTALLATION
AND ASSEMBLY
7. MAINTENANCE /
REPAIR
2. TRANSPORT AND
RAW MATERIALS
PROCESSING
1. RAW MATERIAL
EXTRACTION
RECYCLING
8. REUSING
6. USE
WHAT LCA STANDS FOR?
55. 55
What would happen if ... I do not consider the whole life cycle?
Example 1: For the design of a vehicle,
I choose materials (option B) with a low
environmental impact in their production
compared to option A materials.
However, they are less durable and
need to be replaced more often (use),
generating more waste (end of life).
Which is the best option?
Example 2: In the design of a car, it
uses a large amount of aluminum. This
material requires much energy to
produce, but to be lighter car uses less
energy during use.
INTRODUCTION TO LCAWHAT LCA STANDS FOR?
56. 56
What would happen if ... I do not consider different environmental impacts?
Example 1: In the design steel or aluminum can be chosen. Which material is
better from an environmental point of view?
INTRODUCTION TO LCA
Global Warming Potential vs Acidification Potential
WHAT LCA STANDS FOR?
57. 57
LCA - CONTENT
· Introduction to the Life Cycle Thinking
· What LCA stands for?
· Background LCA references
· Case study
58. ISO 14.040: 2006 Environmental management -- Life cycle
assessment -- Principles and framework
ISO 14.044:2006 Environmental management -- Life cycle
assessment -- Requirements and guidelines
Relevant organizations
LIFE CYCLE UNEP – SETAC INITIATIVE
http://lcinitiative.unep.fr/
EUROPEAN PLATFORM ON LCA
http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Standards
58
BACKGROUND LCA REFERENCES
59. Most relevant LCA related scientific journals
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
www.scientificjournals.com
Journal of Cleaner Production
www.sciencedirect.com
Environmental Science and Technology
http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag
International LCA meetings
SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) www.setac.org
LCM (Life Cycle Management) www.lcm2013.org/
RED ESPAÑOLA ACV (CIEMAT) http://www.energy.imdea.org/events/2013/i-
simposio-de-red-espanola-de-analisis-de-ciclo-de-vida-acv-bioenergia
59
BACKGROUND LCA REFERENCES
61. 61
Most relevant databases
1. GaBi 6 Professional (PE International) (www.pe-international.com)
2. Ecoivent 3.0 (www.ecoinvent.org)
3. ELCD (http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ELCD3/)
4. Plastics Europe
5. Other: http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ResourceDirectory/databaseList.vm
BACKGROUND LCA REFERENCES
62. 62
LCA - CONTENT
· Introduction to the Life Cycle Thinking
· What LCA stands for?
· Background LCA references
· Case study
63. Goal and scope definition
LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Provide policy and decision makers with
“FACTS” for decisions on EV related issues
Objectives
Improve “END OF LIFE
MANAGEMENT” by promotion of
best available
technologies&practices
Improve “DESIGN” for optimal
recyclability and minimal
resource consumption
1
64. Goal and scope definition
LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
1
Environmentaleffects
e.g.GHG-emissions
Time
Operation
Production
Dismantling
Vehicle B
B
Vehicle C
C
Vehicle A
A
clip
65. The study’s main objective is to carry out a Life Cycle Assessment from cradle
to grave of the following products with the aim of comparing the different
environmental impacts:
Ion-lithium battery electric vehicle
Diesel vehicle
Petrol vehicle
All the analysed vehicles belong to the Spanish Segment C (length from 4.20 to
4.50 m)
Goal and scope definition1
LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
66. LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2 Inventory analysis
Electricity
supply
Petrol / Diesel
supply
Raw materials
and production
In-Use Disposal
Electric
vehicles
Diesel/Gas
vehicles
67. Functional Unit = Ion-lithium battery life = 100.000 km
Li-ion Battery
(312 kg)
Electric motor
(52 kg)
Bodywork
Golf A4Internal combustion engine
(62,2 % EURO 3 / 37,8 % EURO 4)
+
LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2 Inventory analysis
68. ACTIVIDADES INICIALES DE I+DLCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2 Inventory analysis
10,58 %
1,00 %
20,80 %
8,57 %
0,07 %
25,71 %
15,84 %
2,70 % 14,73 %
Hydro-electric power Pumped hydro-electric power
Nuclear power Coal
Gas/Fuel Combined cycle
Wind energy Solar energy
Other renewable energies
55,54
%21,31
%
18,15
%
0,11 %
0,13 % 1,93 % 2,83 %
64,72 %
30,10 %
0,09 %
3,37 % 1,73 %
Data source: REE, 2010.
69. LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Energy consumption:
Total energy consumption (MJ-Eq / km)
Renewable energy consumption (MJ-Eq / km)
Emissions:
PM particulates (g of PM / km)
Nitrogen oxides (g of NOx / km)
Carbon dioxide (g of CO2 / km)
HC emissions (g of HC / km)
Impact assessment3
76. 0.00 €
500.00 €
1,000.00 €
1,500.00 €
2,000.00 €
2,500.00 €
3,000.00 €
3,500.00 €
Mainland EV Balearic EV Canarian EV Diesel Petrol
CO2 NOX Particulate matter NMHC
LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Interpretation (environmental)4
86%
77. 0.00 €
2,000.00 €
4,000.00 €
6,000.00 €
8,000.00 €
10,000.00 €
12,000.00 €
14,000.00 €
16,000.00 €
18,000.00 €
Mainland EV Balearic EV Canarian EV Diesel Petrol
Energy Imports CO2 NOX Particulate matter NMHC
Interpretation (energy & environment)4
61%
59%
LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
78. Results confirm that energy and environmental impacts of the EV are highly
dependent on the electricity generation mix
Presumably the growth of renewable energies in the different generation
mixes will play in favour of the EV and widen the distance with the combustion
engine technologies
The EV shows a reduction in the global energy consumption for the total life
cycle. However, embedded energy from production will increase, due to the
addition of components such as advanced battery packs, electric motors and
power electronics.
The EV almost eliminates the problem of local pollutants (NOx, PM10, HCs)
in urban areas
The Mainland EV shows a relative reduction of energy and environmental
externalities of 59% compared to the diesel vehicle and of 61% compared to
the petrol one
ACTIVIDADES INICIALES DE I+D
Conclusions and recommendations5
LCA USE CASE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
79. ACTIVIDADES INICIALES DE I+D
Ongoing projects
FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF THE LCA METHODOLOGY
Project Acronym: SAPIENS (SOFC Auxiliary Power In Emissions/Noise Solutions)
Project reference: 303415 Contract type: Collaborative Project
Start date: 01 November 2012 End date: 31 October 2015
Duration: 36 months Project status: ongoing
Project cost: € 2.37 milion (2,370,257.20 euro)
Project funding: € 1.59 milion (1,592,341.40
euro)
Programme Acronym: FP7-FCH-JU
Programme type: Seventh Framework
Programme
80. ACTIVIDADES INICIALES DE I+D
Ongoing projects
FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF THE LCA METHODOLOGY
Project Acronym: LED4ART (High quality and energy efficient LED illumination for art)
Project reference: 297262 Contract type: Collaborative Project
Start date: 01 January 2012 End date: 31 December 2014
Duration: 36 months Project status: ongoing
Project cost: € 1.91 milion (1,907,110.00 euro) Project funding: 867,000.00 euro
Programme Acronym: CIP-ICT-PSP-2011-5
Programme type: Competitiveness and
innovation framework programme
81. ACTIVIDADES INICIALES DE I+D
Ongoing projects
FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF THE LCA METHODOLOGY
Project Acronym: HELIS (High energy lithium sulphur cells and batteries)
Project reference: 666221 Contract type: Collaborative Project
Start date: 01 June 2015 End date: 31 May 2019
Duration: 48 months Project status: ongoing
Project cost: € 7.97 milion (7,975,152.00 euro) Project funding: 7,975,152.00 euro
Programme Acronym: NMP-17-2014
Programme type: research adn Innovation
action
82. ACTIVIDADES INICIALES DE I+D
Other applications…
FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF THE LCA METHODOLOGY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWncrFwhaiE