Smart grids use two-way digital communications and computer processing to improve efficiency in electricity generation, transmission, distribution and usage. This allows for increased integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage, automated distribution and usage monitoring. Microgrids allow localized energy generation and distribution, improving reliability, reducing costs and facilitating renewable energy integration. Modeling frameworks like Modelica and EOOM are useful for designing and simulating large, complex smart grid systems.
(a).Evolution of electric grid
(b).Concept of electric grid
(c).Definition of smart grid
(d).Needs of smart grid
(e).Smart grid drivers and function
(f).Opportunities, challenges and benefits of smart grid
(g).Difference between conventional and smart grid
June 15, 2011
Audrey Zibelman's presentation from America’s Sustainable Future: How U.S. Cities Are Making Energy Work, an invitational conference of public-private partnership efforts from U.S. cities pursuing innovative energy management and smart grid initiatives. The assembled leaders in industry, research and policy-making will explore the diverse energy strategies emerging in Philadelphia and across the United States.
“We’re really looking forward to both learning from the great examples set by other cities represented in the conference, and showing off the groundbreaking work happening right here in Philadelphia,” says Laurie Actman, Viridity Energy’s director of strategic partnerships and public policy.
“With smart ideas and smart policy, we should be able to build support for smart grid projects and microgrids at the federal, state and local level.”"Energy technology is changing at such a rapid pace, it's crucial to examine who's doing it right in smart grid and microgrid projects all around the country," says Eugenie Birch, Penn IUR co-director.
"With the right policy moves—which we'll be exploring at the conference—Philadelphia can be a national leader in energy innovation," noted Susan Wachter, Penn IUR co-director.
(a).Evolution of electric grid
(b).Concept of electric grid
(c).Definition of smart grid
(d).Needs of smart grid
(e).Smart grid drivers and function
(f).Opportunities, challenges and benefits of smart grid
(g).Difference between conventional and smart grid
June 15, 2011
Audrey Zibelman's presentation from America’s Sustainable Future: How U.S. Cities Are Making Energy Work, an invitational conference of public-private partnership efforts from U.S. cities pursuing innovative energy management and smart grid initiatives. The assembled leaders in industry, research and policy-making will explore the diverse energy strategies emerging in Philadelphia and across the United States.
“We’re really looking forward to both learning from the great examples set by other cities represented in the conference, and showing off the groundbreaking work happening right here in Philadelphia,” says Laurie Actman, Viridity Energy’s director of strategic partnerships and public policy.
“With smart ideas and smart policy, we should be able to build support for smart grid projects and microgrids at the federal, state and local level.”"Energy technology is changing at such a rapid pace, it's crucial to examine who's doing it right in smart grid and microgrid projects all around the country," says Eugenie Birch, Penn IUR co-director.
"With the right policy moves—which we'll be exploring at the conference—Philadelphia can be a national leader in energy innovation," noted Susan Wachter, Penn IUR co-director.
"Sustainable Economic Ecosystems" will power the transition from the Industrial Era to the Era of Sustainability. Begin here to learn more about the construct and the emergence of Smart Villages.
OVERVIEW
WHAT IS SMART GRID?
NEED OF SMART GRID IN INDIAN CONTEXT.
SMART GRID ATTRIBUTES.
INDIAN GOVERNMENT INTIATIVE TOWARDS SMART GRID
SMART GRID PROJECTS IN INDIA.
INDIAN GOVT. APPROVED PROJECTS.
PRESENT STATUS OF PROJECTS
BARRIERS TO SMART GRID IMPLEMETATION
LAYOUT OF SMARTGRID
CONCLUSION
REFRERENCES
This chapter presents first the electrical grid system and its main challenges. Then it presents the concept of the Smart grid (sensors, data collection, data analysis,..). Finally, the smart grid system is presented through the project SunRise “Large scale demonstrator of the Smart City”.
What is a Smart Grid?
The Smart Grid Enables the ElectriNetSM
Local Energy Networks
Electric Transportation
Low-Carbon Central Generation
What Should Be the Attributes of the Smart Grid?
Why Do We Need a Smart Grid?
Is the Smart Grid a “Green Grid”?
Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
Smart Grid technology,traditional grid losses,implementation of smart grid leads to change in electrical system of a country, increases economy,decreases losses, a solution for problems faced by traditional grid system.
"Sustainable Economic Ecosystems" will power the transition from the Industrial Era to the Era of Sustainability. Begin here to learn more about the construct and the emergence of Smart Villages.
OVERVIEW
WHAT IS SMART GRID?
NEED OF SMART GRID IN INDIAN CONTEXT.
SMART GRID ATTRIBUTES.
INDIAN GOVERNMENT INTIATIVE TOWARDS SMART GRID
SMART GRID PROJECTS IN INDIA.
INDIAN GOVT. APPROVED PROJECTS.
PRESENT STATUS OF PROJECTS
BARRIERS TO SMART GRID IMPLEMETATION
LAYOUT OF SMARTGRID
CONCLUSION
REFRERENCES
This chapter presents first the electrical grid system and its main challenges. Then it presents the concept of the Smart grid (sensors, data collection, data analysis,..). Finally, the smart grid system is presented through the project SunRise “Large scale demonstrator of the Smart City”.
What is a Smart Grid?
The Smart Grid Enables the ElectriNetSM
Local Energy Networks
Electric Transportation
Low-Carbon Central Generation
What Should Be the Attributes of the Smart Grid?
Why Do We Need a Smart Grid?
Is the Smart Grid a “Green Grid”?
Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
Smart Grid technology,traditional grid losses,implementation of smart grid leads to change in electrical system of a country, increases economy,decreases losses, a solution for problems faced by traditional grid system.
In upcoming generation there is many advancement in electrical grid which make them more reliable. the smart grid was introduced with the aim of overcoming the weaknesses of conventional electrical grids using smart net meters.
An embedded system's input devices have quite limited capabilities. Since there won't be an input device or mouse, as there are in computer systems, interacting with the embedded system won't be simple. Input devices for user interaction are absent from numerous embedded systems used in process control. They receive input from transmitters or detectors that will generate electrical signals which are fed to other mechanisms.
The capabilities of the embedded systems' external devices are also extremely constrained. A few LEDs may be present in some embedded systems to show the modules' overall health or to signal alarms visually. Some important aspects may also be displayed on LCDs.Embedded systems are widely used in a variety of industries. Due to the wide range of applications for these systems, the embedded system market is one of the most dynamic.
Consumer devices, process automation, medical technology, wireless and data communication, the military, automotive, and aerospace, as well as household appliances are all examples of this.
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
Automated Meter reading systems are a invaluable technological advancement that can lead to
a better standard of living, owing to the fact that metering has become a part and parcel of our
mundane lives.
It solves many issues of the traditional meter reading system like need for human resources, lack
of efficiency and accuracy in meter reading, delayed work, unavailability of customer during
metering visit by employee, etc. Moreover it is more economical and helps to save energy in a
more efficient and effective way. Furthermore it has a very notable advantage of having the
ability to predict the energy demands of the future, starting from every household to the entire
planet.
Automated meter reading systems have been implemented using many different technologies
like GSM, ZigBee, PLC, D-SCADA, WiMAX and Hybrid Technologies that comprises of a mixture
of the above.
This seminar paper describes the working models, strengths and weaknesses of each technology
by considering various factors like feasibility, cost, reliability, efficiency, and maintenance and
user experience. This paper not only explains the existing Energy Metering systems but also
provides an abstract view of developing the most optimal Automated Meter Reading system.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. WHAT IS SMART GRID AND
WHY SHOULD WE CARE?
SMART GRID = IT+ ELECTRIC GRID
THESE SYSTEMS ARE MADE POSSIBLE BY TWO- WAY DIGITAL
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPUTER
PROCESSING THAT HAS BEEN USED FOR DECADES IN OTHER
INDUSTRIES.
3.
4. SMART GRID
Clean and Flexible Generation-Share of Renewable Energy Sources to increase
Flexible Transmission – HVAC & HVDC
Energy Storage Systems
System Wide Secure Communication Network
Automation –SCADA/Energy Management System, Wide Area Management System and
Control (WAMSC), Advance Distribution Management Solution(ADMS)
Home/Building/Industrial Automation
Active Distribution Network
Sensors-Smart Meters, PMUs
Smart Analytics-Wide area monitoring and control, DSM
Market and Regulatory Framework
5. SMART GRID MANAGEMENT USING WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORK WITH IOT
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with smart grid will be a boon for intelligent
devices.
• It enables customers to minimize energy bill by automated shifting on flexible loads.
• To discover the Internet of Things (IoT) module and AI technology is used to deliver
complete systems for a service.
• Sensors & Sensor technology sends information ranging from Location, weather/
Environment conditions, Grid parameters.
• IoT Gateways help to bridge sensor nodes with the external Internet.
• Data transmitted through gateway is stored & processed securely within the cloud
infrastructure using Big Data analytics
6. • End-user mobile apps will help end users to control & monitor their devices from
remote locations.
• IPv6 addresses are the backbone to the entire IoT ecosystem.
7. WHY SMART GRIDS?
• The basic structure of the electric power
grid has remained unchanged for many
years.
• Existing power generation infrastructure is
not able to keep pace with growing power
demand.
• The methods of power delivery to
consumers are outdated and inefficient.
• Global power industry is facing challenges.
• Current trends in energy supply and use are
unsustainable-economically,
environmentally and socially.
• The electric grid in its current state is falling
behind technological advancements and
energy demands.
• IEA Predict the overall energy use to double
by 2030.
• Most of the expansion will be powered by
growth in fossil fuels.
• We need to reduce emissions of CO2 and
other greenhouse gases by at least 60% by
2050, if we are to meet our emissions
reduction target.
8. SMART GRID V/S CONVENTIONAL POWER GRID:
SMART GRID
• Unbundled and Distributed Structure
• Data driven, predictive asset management
• Better market and services for customers
• Informed and participative customers
• Plug and play features
• Power Quality is a priority
• Self Healing, automatic & predictive fault address
• Integrated two way communication
• Intelligent to integrate and process critical info.
CONVENTIONAL POWER GRID
• Hierarchical and Vertical Structure
• Poor, little data integration
• Limited, poor customer focus
• Non-Participative And uninformed
• Central Generator dominance, no Storage framework
• Poor quality, focus on outage
• No Self Healing Vertical Structure
• Mostly one way communication
• Limited intelligence
9. WHAT DOES SMART GRID
IMPROVISE?
• Generation
• Transmission
• Distribution
• Customer participation
• Operations
• Markets
• Service Providers
10. SMART PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
• Internet of Things:- IoT is the chain of daily objects like electronics, software,
sensors, and connectivity which exchange data
• Microcontroller:- microcontroller process high-performance with Microchip pico
Power, Arduino, zig-bee, 8-bit AVR RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
• Wireless transceiver:- Nordic nRF24L01+ is highly integrated with ultra low power
(ULP) 2Mbps RF transceiver and IC for the 2.4GHz band.
• Current sensor:-Current sensor is used for measuring AC and/or DC current levels.
• Voltage Sensor:- voltage sensors all produce outputs as Amplitude Modulation,
Pulse Width Modulation or even Frequency Modulation.
11.
12. Illumination
W/m2
Solar Panel 1
(in Volts)
Solar Panel 2
(in Volts)
Total Voltage
(in Volts)
100 3.4 3.6 3.4
200 4.7 4.4 4.5
300 5.8 5.5 5.6
600 8.2 7.8 8.1
700 9.2 8.9 9.1
800 10.6 10.3 10.2
900 11.8 11.5 11.3
1000 12.8 12.5 12.4
TREND IN ILLUMINATION AND VOLTAGE
13. SHORT-TERM POWER FORECASTING MODEL
FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS
• New model for short-term forecasting of electric energy production in a
photovoltaic (PV) plant. The model is called “HIstorical SImilar Mining” (HISIMI)
model.
• The economic reasons have driven the development of short-term power
forecasting models for wind farms or for relatively large grid-connected PV
plants.
• In the last decade, tens of short-term wind power forecasting models have been
described
14. WHAT IS EOOM?
All these innovations, which are gradually taking place, are needed to enable the
transition to a future CO2-neutral power system.
Equation-Based Object-Oriented Modelling(EOOM) methodologies and of the
Modelica language in this field. Modelica is an object-oriented, declarative, multi-
domain modeling language for component-oriented modeling of complex systems,.
Vanfrettietal and Zhangetal have already demonstrated that EOOM and Modelica
can be successfully employed for the modelling and simulation of power grids, also
validating their results against well-established domain-specific simulation tools.
15. FEATURES OF SMARTGRID MODELLING
FRAMEWORK
• Declarative modelling:- describe how a system behaves.
• Model/Solver separation:- first creates the model in a language that allows to
write equations, and then feeds this model to appropriate numerical solver.
• Multi-domain modelling:- use differential-algebraic equations for the basic
description of physical behavior.
• Multi-paradigm modelling:- they combine physical hardware of diverse nature.
• High-level modelling:- use abstract and high level modelling languages, leaving
the details of the coding in to actual simulation Code to software tools.
16. • Modularity and encapsulation:- model should be developed so as to be valid
whatever is later connected to its physical interface, as long as this makes physical
sense.
• Flexible level of detail:- devise symbolic and numeric manipulation procedures to
bring the model in a form which are well-suited.
• Large-scale Smart Grid modelling:- can feature possibly tens of thousands of
components.
• Use of open standards and tools:- using different tools that excel at a particular
analysis or simulation task starting from a common, tool-independent code base.
21. WHAT ARE MICRO GRIDS?
• A micro grid is a discrete energy system consisting of distributed energy sources
(including demand management, storage, and generation) and loads capable of
operating in parallel with, or independently from, the main power grid.
• The primary purpose is to ensure local, reliable, and affordable energy security for
urban and rural communities, while also providing solutions for commercial, industrial,
and federal government consumers.
• Micro grids perform dynamic control over energy sources, enabling autonomous and
automatic self-healing operations.
• a micro grid can operate independently of the larger grid and isolate it’s generation
nodes and power loads from disturbance without affecting the larger grid's integrity.
22. BENEFITS OF MICRO GRIDS
• Provides power quality, reliability, and security for end users and operators of the grid
• Enhances the integration of distributed and renewable energy sources
• Cost competitive and efficient
•
Enables smart grid technology integration
•
Locally controlled power quality
• Minimize carbon footprint and green house gas emissions by maximizing clean local
energy generation
•
Increased customer (end-use) participation
23. MICRO GRID FOR INTEGRATION OF SEVERAL SOURCES AND
STORAGE
(A) AC MICRO-GRID (B) DC MICRO-GRID
24. THE SMART GRID IS MORE:
• Reliable
• Secure
• Economic
• Efficient
• Environmentally friendly
• Safe
25. CONTINUED…
• Enable active participation by consumers
• Accommodate all generation and storage options
• Enable new products, services, and markets
• Provide power quality for the digital economy
• Optimize asset utilization and operate efficiently
• Anticipate & respond to system disturbances (selfheal)
• Operate resiliently against attack and natural disaster
26. CONCLUSION
The Smart Grid will come from the application of intelligent energy technology to optimize the use of
generation resources and the delivery of power.
There are several key challenges that should be addressed before smart grid implementation like:
• Voltage stabilization
• Power management
• PQ management
• Failure Protection
• Grid integration
• Stability issues
• Islanded operation
