This presentation was used in Euro Arab Training Course “SMART GRID AND INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY”. The course took place 25 – 29 April 2016

1. Smart grids: integration of renewable energy sources and
electric mobility into power system
Granada, April 28th 2016
www.irec.cat
Manel Sanmartí
Electrical Engineering Research Group

2. 1
1. Introduction
2. Smart grid context
3. Smart grids: integration of renewable energy sources into the power
system
i. Advanced energy management tools for power systems
ii. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
iii. Life Cycle Assessment of Smart Grid Projects
CONTENTS

3. 2
1. Introduction
2. Smart grid context
3. Smart grids: integration of renewable energy sources into the power
system
i. Advanced energy management tools for power systems
ii. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
iii. Life Cycle Assessment of Smart Grid Projects
CONTENTS

4. 3
INTRODUCTION
The Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, IREC (Institut de Recerca en Energia de
Catalunya), was funded in July 2008, and began its R+D activities in January 2009.
After finishing the organization of the laboratories and infrastructures in 2011-2012, in 2013
the Catalan Institute for Energy Research has achieved consolidation in both European
projects and industrial. After five years, it has built a stable team of valuable individuals
who are committed to the scientific and technological growth of the centre, resulting in
cutting edge research and a constantly increasing flow of income.
IREC is a member of the CERCA Institution, the catalan institution
created by the Catalan Government to supervise, support and facilitate
research to the Catalan research centers.
IREC is one of the 47 research centers of Catalonia, specifically
focused on energy research of Catalonia.

5. 4
IREC - PRINCIPLES
Mission
To contribute to the sustainable development and enhance
corporate competitiveness via:
• Medium and long-term research,
• Scientific development and technological know-how in the
field of energy, and
• Innovation and development of new products
Vision
To become a center of excellence and an international
benchmark organization through Research, Technology
Development and Innovation (R+TD+i), working in
coordination with the Industry, the Universities and the
Administration.

6. 5
IREC - ORIENTATION
The Institute works with a dual approach:
• Long-term research, aimed at generating
knowledge within groups and research areas
of the Institute, with a mid or long-term
commercial projection in mind.
• Technology development, focused on
collaboration with the Industry to create new
products and new technical solutions, at short
and mid-term.
The Institute’s position is defined by the
balance between these two approaches.

7. 6
GOVERNING BODY
GOVERNMENT
OF CATALONIA
Min. Enterprise and Labour (President)
Min. Economy and Knowledge (VPresident)
GOVERNMENT
OF SPAIN
CIEMAT (Min. Economy and Competitiveness)
IDAE (Min. Industry, Energy and Tourism)
UNIVERSITIES
Barcelona TECH (UPC)
Barcelona (UB)
Rovira i Virgili (URV) in Tarragona
COMPANIES
ENDESA
GAS NATURAL FENOSA
Fundación REPSOL
CLH
ENAGÁS
ALSTOM Wind

8. 7
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
The Scientific Advisory Council, appointed by the Governing Body, acts as advisory body
of the Institute insofar as the definition of the scientific strategy, and the periodic
evaluation of their researchers and results.
The Scientific Advisory Council is composed by :
• Prof. Dr. Esteban Chornet. President
Emeritus professor of the Sherbrooke University, Quebec, Canada.
• Prof. Dr. John A. Kilner.
Imperial College of London, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials, UK.
• Prof. Dr. Johan Driesen.
Associate professor of K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
• Prof. Dr. Matthias M. Schuler.
Adjunct professor of Environmental Technologies, School of Design, Harvard University,
MA, USA.
• Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Kröning.
Managing Director de “EWE Offshore Service & Solutions GmbH”, DE.
• Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Papamichael.
Co-Director. California Lighting Technology Center, University of California, Davis, USA.

9. RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL AREAS
8
• Advanced Materials
• Functional Nanomaterials
• Catalysis
• Materials for Solar Systems
• Nanoionics and Fuel Cells
• Energy Storage and Harvesting
• Bioenergy and Biofuels
• Thermochemical Conversion
• Biorefinery and Microalgae
Research Units
• Energy Efficiency: Systems, Buildings and
Communities
• NZEB (Net Zero Energy Buildings and
Communities)
• Integration of Renewables.
• Smart Grids and Microgrids
• Green IT
• Electric Mobility
• Lighting
• Economic analysis and regulation
• Offshore Wind Energy
• Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity
• Electric Machines and Control Systems
• Grid Integration
Technological
Development Units

10. 9
LOCATION
The IREC has two headquarters: Barcelona and Tarragona.
The center in Barcelona deals with:
•Thermal Energy. Lighting
•Electrical Engineering. Offshore Wind Energy
•Advanced Materials for Energy
The center in Tarragona deals with:
•Bioenergy
•Laboratory for Thermal Energy and
Energy Integration

11. Most relevant aspects
10
• We are working on 69 projects with a portfolio of 8,35 M€ at the beginning of 2013
• Only 24% of the annual budget comes from the board of trustees contribution
• 35% of our annual income comes from industrial projects, and the rest (41%)
from competitive research projects (mainly European)
• We lead in Europe the research on thin-film photovoltaic materials based on
Chalcopyrite CuInGa(S,Se)2 (CIGS) and Kesterites Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTS).
• Leading several FP7 and H2020 research projects on Green IT, Smart Grids,
Intelligent Lighting, PV
• IREC has already created 2 spin-off: Ledmotive and Eolos
• Funding member and partner of KIC Innoenergy and Catalonia Energy Efficiency
Cluster (CEEC). Member of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA).
• Presently leading the proposal for a RIS3 CAT Energy Community in Catalonia
with more than 115 entities and about 15 MiEuro budget to improve
competitiveness of energy industry in Catalonia
• We organize annually the Conference “Barcelona Global Energy Challenges”, in
collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT.

12. 11
“KIC InnoEnergy”, the European Network for Innovation in Energy
The European Institute of Technology & Innovation EIT selected the consortium KIC
InnoEnergy made up by 29 companies, universities and research centers across Europe, to
boost and promote research, education and innovation in the energy sector.
The main objective is to try to get basic research reach the market more quickly and
efficiently so that European companies are able to globally compete in better conditions with
the United States and Japan.
KIC InnoEnergy SE is a public limited European company.
The IREC leads and defines the strategy on Renewables, and participates in the projects
boosted in the period 2010-2016.
IREC is stakeholder of KIC InnoEnergy S.E.
http://www.kic-innoenergy.com/about/about-kic-innoenergy/

13. 12
700 M€ 2011-2015
KIC INNOENERGY, S.E.

14. 13
We at the IREC know we are part of a project for the future oriented towards
generating scientific knowledge and participating in the technological development
of the energy sector in an environment of excellence. We are already a 115 people team
from which 37 are PhD.
TEAM

15. 14
Energy Efficiency: Systems, buildings and communities (ECOS)
The Energy Efficiency: Systems, Buildings and Communities (ECOS) research group is
made up of a team of 36 engineers and scientists, from which 12 are post doc
researchers.
ECOS scientific activity focuses on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
specifically on Distributed Energy Resources and Smart Cities.

16. 15
Energy Efficiency: Systems, buildings and communities (ECOS)

17. 16
Energy Efficiency: Systems, buildings and communities

18. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LINES
Control, Automation and Communications
Energy Economics and Regulation
Power System Engineering
Electrical Machines & Power Electronics

19. 18
Electric networks and SmartGrids
Mesurement,
monitoring and
communications
Control and
management techniques
Renewable integration
and proteccions
Smart grids and Microgrid Tecnologies at IREC
- Island mode (Static Switch)
- PMU programming, location
and remote control,
- AMI / AMR
- IEC61850 and industrial
communications
- Communication systems for
the Smart Grids.
- Power Converters
- Scada
- Wave quality test
- Validation “Ride-Through”
- Microgrid Control
- Control V/f, P/Q
- Loop Control
- Island Mode Control
- Active demand management
- Microgeneration modeling
- Power equipment and
systems modeling
- Optimization Algorithms
- Grid regulation systems
- Multi-agent systems
- Grid stability
- Storage systems (fly-wheel,
Io-Liti, super-capacitors)
- Electro-mobility
- Affect of EV penetration in
the power grid
- Storage optimization
placement algorithms
- Efficient CHP systems
- Regulatory framework for
the renewable integration
- Business case creation
- Protection Systems

20. -Q4
MICROGRID 3 DITRIB.
PM 710
400/400V
MICROGRID 2 DITRIB.
MICROGRID 1 DITRIB.
-Q10
-Q9
-Q7
-Q13
-Q8-Q11
-Q12
CVM K2
-Q15
-Q17-Q20
-Q16
-Q18
-Q22
-Q21
-Q1
-P1
PM710
-P4
Fast disturbance
emulator (50 kVA)
Power grid emulator
(200 kVA)
Variable
inductance
-P10
Static switch
BYPASS-2
BYPASS-3
-Q14
BYPASS-1
MICROGRID
MICROGRD2
MICROGRD3
MICROGRD1
Research lines about MICROGRIDS
•Protection: Isolating faulty systems without
stopping energizing the grid.
•Communications: Slow latencies and
allowing com’s among islands.
•Quality: Test microgrids devices in front of
power quality issues, and ensurance of power
quality deliver by regulation
•Wide area measurements: applied to
multiple microgrids in regional power grids
•Protection of microgrids: early detection of
power grid faults, allowing future isolation of
microgrids
•Control of multiple microgrids: integration
of measurements and microgrid central
controllers
• Cibersecurity and Resilience: design of
smart grids including cibersecurity and
resilience functionalities

21. 20
IREC Energy Smart Lab Services
Development, demonstration and testing of prototypes, control and
management methods in electrical applications:
- Connection and grid
support of generation/
storage/ load units.
- Immunity to grid
disturbances.
- Emissions of current
harmonics and flicker.
- Endurance and
performance tests
(batteries, motors…).
Pre-
certification
Grid code
validation
Proof of
concept

22. 21
Microgrid
Emulation power source
Microgrid
Renewable power source
DC
400V AC 400V AC
400V AC
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1
152
303
454
605
756
907
1058
1209
1360
1511
1662
1813
1964
2115
2266
2417
2568
2719
2870
3021
3172
3323
3474
3625
3776
3927
4078
4229
4380
4531
4682
4833
4984
5135
5286
Solar irradiation
Data table
Measurements
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1
152
303
454
605
756
907
1058
1209
1360
1511
1662
1813
1964
2115
2266
2417
2568
2719
2870
3021
3172
3323
3474
3625
3776
3927
4078
4229
4380
4531
4682
4833
4984
5135
5286
Generated power
Power to the microgrid
EMULATION CONCEPT

23. 22
IREC Energy Smart Lab
Renewable Energy
Sources (RES)
• Wind power test
benches
• RES emulators
Microgrids (MGs) and
Smart Grids (SGs)
• Management algorithms
• Services from MGs to SGs
• Grid emulator
Energy Storage
Systems
• Battery system
• Supercapacitors
• Flywheel
• Storage emulators
Electric Vehicle (EV)
chargers and other
Loads
• EV batteries
• EV charger emulator
• Load emulators
Power converters: AC/DC – DC/AC, control of active and reactive power, control of voltage, speed drives
Rotating machines: squirrel cage, doubly-fed induction, permanent magnet
Control, automation and communications: control boards with digital signal processors, industrial PCs,
communication protocols (CAN, ModBus, Ethernet, EtherCAT)
Software platforms: Microgrid Energy Management System, Power Hardware In the Loop platform
http://vimeo.com/user34260577/energysmartlab

24. Our Microgrid
DC
AC
AC
DC
DC
AC
AC
DC
DC
AC
AC
DC
- +
AC
DC
AC
DC
Grid
emulator
(200kVA)
LV Grid
By pass
Emulation cabinets
Point of common coupling.
Grid and disturbances emulators
Grid busbar
V2G
10kW
Bidirectional
charging
point
Real elements EV charging spots
Microgrid busbar
mG-3
mG-2
EV AC
fast
charge
22kW
EV battery
Second life
storage
system
DC
AC
- +
630A
DC
AC
AC
DC
mG-1
Wind
power I
Wind
power II
630A 630A 630A
5kW5kW5kW5kW5kW5kW
50kW630A
400A
630A
400V / 50Hz
Reserve
630A
400A
V2G
DC
AC
AC
DC
5kW
2nd life battery
23
200 KVA GRID
Emulator
Frequency control,
amplitude, harmonics,
unbalances, voltage
dropps, flicker
AC/DC operation
Islanded/Grid connected
5 kVA Storage /Generation/
Load - Emulator
Ultracaps 5 kVA & 55 Wh
@ 400V
Io-Li Batery
5 kW & 20 kWh
http://vimeo.com/user342605
77/energysmartlab

25. 24
DEVICES and DER
CONTROL &
MANAGEMENT
METERING &
COMMUNICATIONS
KIC – Active
Sub-stations
SMART GRIDS Projects at IREC
KIC – Instinct, SG
Communications
KIC – Smart Power
Systems
DER IREC 22@
Microgrids
VERDE – EV integration
PREEMPTIVE
Cibersecurity in
Smart grids
IDEAL – renewable
integration
Charge&Ride
Bi-directional Power
Converter
SmartGrid ZFB
Industrial Area
GrowSmarter Smart
City
INCITE – renewable,
flexible build., DERs
ePEMS – renewable &
EV integration, EMS
HELIS – Energy
Storage Systems
V2G – design & services
Sunbatt – 2nd life
batteries

26. 25
• Green eMotion
• FP7 Programme
• REVE
• Spanish Government
• IVECAT
• Catalan Government
• FASTPLAN/CAT
• Optimal location of fast
charging stations in BCN
and Catalunya
Power system
• VERDE
• CENIT Programme
• V2M (Vehicle 2 Microgrid)
• ENDESA
• SURTIDOR
• AVANZA 2 Programme
• UltraFast Charging eBUS
• COFAST (KIC Innoenergy)
• V2G Charger/services
Charging
facilities
• Retrofit HYBRID – TMB
• NUCLIS Programme
• Life cycle analysis
• Internal Project
• SAPIENS/SAFARI
• FP7
• HELIS
• H2020
• Sunbatt
• Nuclis, Endesa/Seat
Electric
vehicles
Electromobility projects
As one of the most promising alternatives for increasing transport energy efficiency and
reducing its environmental impact, electromobility has become one of the main strategic
research activities within IREC with several projects along the entire value chain.

27. 26
1. Introduction
2. Smart grid context
3. Smart grids: integration of renewable energy sources into the power
system
i. Advanced energy management tools for power systems
ii. Cost benefit analysis of Smart Grid Projects
iii. Life Cycle Assessment of Smart Grid Projects
CONTENTS

28. EU energy goals
Security of
Supply
Competitiveness
Sustainability
Energy policy has been a cornerstone of European integration since its very
beginning through the European Coal and Steel Community. In its daily activities,
the EU contributes to delivering competitive, secure and sustainable energy for
Europe. For detailed information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/strategies/2010/2020_en.htm

29. Meeting our “20-20-20 by 2020”
goals
Reduce greenhouse
gas levels by 20%
Increase share of
renewables to 20%
100%
Reduce energy
consumption by 20%
-10%
Current
trend to
2020
-20%
20%
Current
trend to
2020
Current
trend to
2020

30. The EU is not on track to meet its
target
In spite of progress, significant additional efforts are needed to achieve the
- 20% energy consumption target. Most recent projections show that with
current policies we will only achieve a 10% cut.
Source: European Commission
* Gross inland consumption minus non-energy uses
- 20% by 2020 objective
- 368 Mtoe
Most recent projection
- 166 Mtoe
Business as usual
2007 projection
Primaryenergyconsumption*,Mtoe
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
2005 2010 2015 2020
1676 Mtoe
1842 Mtoe
1474 Mtoe
Projections from 2007
Projections from 2009
20% energy saving objective

31. Target value: 368,0
National intentions will not be sufficient
Source: European Commission
As part of the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth,
Member States are committed to setting national targets for energy efficiency. First
indications show that the degree of precision and levels of ambition are insufficient.
Estimated absolute contribution to EU target by targets defined by 20 Member States so far
Mtoe
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
300,0
350,0
400,0
Slovak Republic
Sweden
Romania
Poland
Malta
Latvia
Lithuania
Italy
Ireland
Hungary
France
Finland
Spain
Greece
Estonia
Denmark
Germany
Cyprus
Bulgaria
Austria

32. Energy savings potential can be tapped
Source: European Commission
Transport and households, in particular buildings, are two sectors with great
potential for energy efficiency gains. Measures to save energy in transport
and accelerate the renovation rate of buildings are crucial.
Final energy in 2020 (in Mtoe)
17%
24%
21%
13%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Industry Transport Households Tertiary
Savings potential
Energy consumption

33. What improving energy efficiency means for a
single family house built in the 70s (150 m²)
Annual
CO2
emissions
in tonnes
Consumption
of heating oil
per year
Renovation to low
energy house
standard
÷ 2,5 ÷ 2
No
renovation
Renovation to new
build standard
4500 litre 1800 litre 900 litre

34. What the EU renewable target means
Share of renewable energy
in total energy mix (in %)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Belgium
Bulgaria
CzechRepublic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
UnitedKingdom
EU27
60%
EU 2020
EU 2005
2005 levels
Additional step to meet the 2020 target
Each Member State has a binding target - set as a combination of renewable
potential and GDP - to increase its share of renewable energy by 2020.

35. European Union 20-20-20 targets by 2020
The climate and energy package is a set of binding legislation
which aims to ensure the European Union meets its ambitious
climate and energy targets for 2020.

36. Challenges around renewable energy integration into
the power system
Daily electricity demand profile
24 hours
MW Rest of
renewable
resources and
convenctional
power plants
Necessary for
maintaining
the control of
the system
During off-peak
periods the risk
of wind energy
disconnection is
hight
Rest of generation
Wind Energy
Minimum technical requirement

37. Challenges around renewable energy integration into
the power system
Amount of
disconnected
windgeneration:
~ 2.000 MW
Offer bids
Purchase bids
Nuclear Power
Plants
Wind Power
Plants
Rest of
conventional
generation
Market
Price
Amountof
disconnected
wind
generation

38. Challenges around renewable energy integration into
the power system
NUCLEAR SHUT DOWN WIND ENERGY SOLAR ENERGY

39. Challenges around renewable energy integration into
the power system

40. Significant change of energy systems
Clip